-
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023Phytic acid and glutathione can inhibit polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and suppress browning. This study investigated the effects of phytic acid alone (Treatment-1) or...
Phytic acid and glutathione can inhibit polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and suppress browning. This study investigated the effects of phytic acid alone (Treatment-1) or combined with glutathione (Treatment-2) on inhibiting browning and oxidation resistance of King Oyster mushroom ) slices during drying and storage. In King Oyster mushroom slices, 0.08% phytic acid combined with 0.1% glutathione inhibited the PPO activity by 97.6%, suppressed browning by 78.09% after 6 h of drying at 60 °C and inhibited browning by 69.93% and oxidation by 78.75% after 12 months of storage at ∼ 20 °C. Results indicated that using phytic acid combined with glutathione may inhibit browning and suppress the oxidation of King Oyster mushroom slices during drying and storage.
PubMed: 37780263
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100874 -
BMC Plant Biology Sep 2022The nutritional value of rice can be improved by developing varieties with optimum levels of grain phytic acid (PA). Artificial low-PA mutants with impaired PA...
BACKGROUND
The nutritional value of rice can be improved by developing varieties with optimum levels of grain phytic acid (PA). Artificial low-PA mutants with impaired PA biosynthesis have been developed in rice through induced mutagenesis. However, low-PA mutant stocks with drastically reduced grain PA content have poor breeding potential, and their use in rice breeding is restricted due to their detrimental pleiotropic effects, which include decreased seed viability, low grain weight, and low seed yield. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the natural variation in grain PA content in order to reduce the PA content to an ideal level without compromising the crop's agronomic performance. Natural genetic diversity in grain PA content has not been thoroughly examined among elite genetic stocks. Additionally, given grain PA content as a quantitative trait driven by polygenes, DNA marker-assisted selection may be required for manipulation of such a trait; however, informative DNA markers for PA content have not yet been identified in rice. Here we investigated and dissected natural genetic variation and genetic variability components for grain PA content in rice varieties cultivated in Eastern and North-Eastern India during the last 50 years. We developed novel gene-based markers for the low-PA-related candidate genes in rice germplasm, and their allelic diversity and association with natural variation in grain PA content were studied.
RESULTS
A wide (0.3-2.8%), significant variation for grain PA content, with decade-wise and ecology-wise differences, was observed among rice varieties. Significant genotype x environment interaction suggested polygenic inheritance. The novel candidate gene-based markers detected 43 alleles in the rice varieties. The new markers were found highly informative as indicated by PIC values (0.11-0.65; average: 0.34) and coverage of total diversity. Marker alleles developed from two putative transporter genes viz., SPDT and OsPT8 were significantly associated with grain PA variation assayed on the panel. A 201 bp allele at the 3' UTR of SPDT gene was negatively associated with grain PA content and explained 7.84% of the phenotypic variation. A rare allele in the coding sequence of OsPT8 gene was positively associated with grain PA content which explained phenotypic variation of 18.49%.
CONCLUSION
Natural variation in grain PA content is substantial and is mostly controlled by genetic factors. The unique DNA markers linked with PA content have significant potential as genomic resources for the development of low-PA rice varieties through genomics-assisted breeding procedures.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; Edible Grain; Genetic Markers; Genetic Variation; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Plant Breeding
PubMed: 36114452
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03831-2 -
Nature Communications Sep 2022Integrator is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), with critical roles in noncoding RNA 3'-end processing and transcription...
Integrator is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), with critical roles in noncoding RNA 3'-end processing and transcription attenuation of a broad collection of mRNAs. IntS11 is the endonuclease for RNA cleavage, as a part of the IntS4-IntS9-IntS11 Integrator cleavage module (ICM). Here we report a cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila ICM, at 2.74 Å resolution, revealing stable association of an inositol hexakisphosphate (IP) molecule. The IP binding site is located in a highly electropositive pocket at an interface among all three subunits of ICM, 55 Å away from the IntS11 active site and generally conserved in other ICMs. We also confirmed IP association with the same site in human ICM. IP binding is not detected in ICM samples harboring mutations in this binding site. Such mutations or disruption of IP biosynthesis significantly reduced Integrator function in snRNA 3'-end processing and mRNA transcription attenuation. Our structural and functional studies reveal that IP is required for Integrator function in Drosophila, humans, and likely other organisms.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila; Endonucleases; Humans; Phytic Acid; RNA Polymerase II; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Nuclear; RNA, Untranslated
PubMed: 36180473
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33506-3 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis...
The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) fed high-fat diets. Sixty-four ß2 microglobulin knockout (β2m KO) mice were randomly assigned to three treatments by feeding: control (basal), atherogenic (AT), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets. One-half of the mice in each treatment group were fed 2% () PA. The ß2m+/+ mice (wild type (WT)) were fed a basal diet. All seven groups were fed for 10 weeks with a 50-ppm iron-containing diet (AIN-93G). Free iron and lipids were measured in serum samples. Nonheme iron, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase concentrations were measured in the liver tissue. Nonheme iron concentration in ß2m KO mice (on the basal diet) was 20× higher ( < 0.0001) than in the WT mice. Compared to the WT mice, ß2m KO mice had a significantly higher concentration of free iron in the serum ( < 0.0001), six-fold higher hepatic TBARs ( < 0.0001), and 18% lower hepatic SOD level. When PA was added to the β2m KO basal diet, a reduction (26 to 50%) of iron concentration was seen in the liver and heart. The addition of PA also significantly reduced TBARs in all three dietary groups of the iron-overloaded group, but most effectively in the control group. An increase in SOD concentration was seen only in the PUFA group, but serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration was reduced in both dietary fat groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that PA protects against oxidative stress-induced by genetic iron overload alone or when fed high fat.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diet, High-Fat; Iron; Iron Overload; Lipids; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Oxidative Stress; Phytic Acid; Protective Agents; Weight Gain; beta 2-Microglobulin
PubMed: 33203173
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225331 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Tea is an important beverage consumed worldwide. Of the different types of tea available, herbal tea is an important beverage consumed owing to its popularity as a drink... (Review)
Review
Tea is an important beverage consumed worldwide. Of the different types of tea available, herbal tea is an important beverage consumed owing to its popularity as a drink and stress relieving factors, several different herbal concoctions made from seeds, leaves, or roots are currently consumed and sold as herbal teas. The herbal teas are not the usual tea but "tisanes." They are caffeine free and popular for their medicinal property or immune boosters. Herbal tea formulations are popularly sold and consumed by millions owing to their health benefits as they are rich in antioxidants and minerals. However, plants are also known to contain toxic and anti-nutritional factors. Anti-nutritional factors are known to interfere with the metabolic process and hamper the absorption of important nutrients in the body. These anti-nutritional factors include saponins, tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, lectins, goitrogens, cyanogens, and lethogens. These chemicals are known to have deleterious effects on human health. Therefore, it is important to understand and assess the merits and demerits before consumption. Also, several techniques are currently used to process and reduce the anti-nutrients in foods. This review is focused on comparing the contents of various anti-nutritional factors in some underutilized plants of North-East India used as herbal tea along with processing methods that can be used to reduce the level of these anti-nutrients.
PubMed: 36276812
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.988964 -
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Dec 2021The SAGA complex is a regulatory hub involved in gene regulation, chromatin modification, DNA damage repair and signaling. While structures of yeast SAGA (ySAGA) have...
The SAGA complex is a regulatory hub involved in gene regulation, chromatin modification, DNA damage repair and signaling. While structures of yeast SAGA (ySAGA) have been reported, there are noteworthy functional and compositional differences for this complex in metazoans. Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA) and show how the arrangement of distinct structural elements results in a globally divergent organization from that of yeast, with a different interface tethering the core module to the TRRAP subunit, resulting in a dramatically altered geometry of functional elements and with the integration of a metazoan-specific splicing module. Our hSAGA structure reveals the presence of an inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP) binding site in TRRAP and an unusual property of its pseudo-(Ψ)PIKK. Finally, we map human disease mutations, thus providing the needed framework for structure-guided drug design of this important therapeutic target for human developmental diseases and cancer.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Binding Sites; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatin; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Gene Expression Regulation; HeLa Cells; Histone Acetyltransferases; Humans; Nuclear Proteins; Phytic Acid; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Conformation; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Saccharomycetales; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 34811519
DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00682-7 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023In the last few decades, chia ( L.) cultivation has expanded around the world, and the seeds have become well known due to their rich composition of nutrients and...
In the last few decades, chia ( L.) cultivation has expanded around the world, and the seeds have become well known due to their rich composition of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical, chemical, and nutritional profile of eight types of chia seeds grown in different Latin-American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru). The results showed that several nutritional parameters of the seeds, such as the protein content and amino acid profile, dietary fiber content, lipid content, mineral composition, and presence of phytate, depend on the location in which they were grown. Other parameters, such as ash content, fatty acid profile, or various physical parameters, were uniform across locations (except for color parameters). The results support the notion that the nutritional characteristics of seeds are determined by the seeds' origin, and further analysis is needed to determine the exact mechanisms that control the changes in the seed nutritional properties of chia seeds.
PubMed: 37628012
DOI: 10.3390/foods12163013 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Biopolymeric films were prepared with gelatin, plasticizer, and three different types of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, phytic acid, and BHA) corresponding to different...
Biopolymeric films were prepared with gelatin, plasticizer, and three different types of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, phytic acid, and BHA) corresponding to different mechanisms in activity. The antioxidant activity of films was monitored for 14 storage days upon color changes using a pH indicator (resazurin). The instant antioxidant activity of films was measured by a DPPH free radical test. The system using resazurin was composed of an agar, an emulsifier, and soybean oil to simulate a highly oxidative oil-based food system (AES-R). Gelatin-based films (GBF) containing phytic acid showed higher tensile strength and energy to break than all other samples due to the increased intermolecular interactions between phytic acid and gelatin molecules. The oxygen barrier properties of GBF films containing ascorbic acid and phytic acid increased due to the increased polarity, while GBF films containing BHA showed increased oxygen permeability compared to the control. According to "a-value" (redness) of the AES-R system tested with films, films incorporating BHA showed the most retardation of lipid oxidation in the system. This retardation corresponds to 59.8% antioxidation activity at 14 days, compared with the control. Phytic acid-based films did not show antioxidant activity, whereas ascorbic acid-based GBFs accelerated the oxidation process due to its prooxidant activity. The comparison between the DPPH free radical test and the control showed that the ascorbic acid and BHA-based GBFs showed highly effective free radical scavenging behavior (71.7% and 41.7%, respectively). This novel method using a pH indicator system can potentially determine the antioxidation activity of biopolymer films and film-based samples in a food system.
Topics: Antioxidants; Gelatin; Phytic Acid; Ascorbic Acid; Oxygen; Biofilms; Food Packaging
PubMed: 36903338
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052092 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2023In this work, we report an impedimetric system for the detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein. The...
In this work, we report an impedimetric system for the detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein. The sensing platform is based on recombinant Spike protein (SCoV2-rS) immobilized on the phytic acid doped polyaniline films (PANI-PA). The affinity interaction between immobilized SCoV2-rS protein and antibodies in the physiological range of concentrations was registered by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analytical parameters of the sensing platform were tuned by the variation of electropolymerization times during the synthesis of PANI-PA films. The lowest limit of detection and quantification were obtained for electropolymerization time of 20 min and equalled 8.00 ± 0.20 nM and 23.93 ± 0.60 nM with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 3 nM. The presented sensing system is label-free and suitable for the direct detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in real patient serum samples after coronavirus disease 2019 and/or vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Biosensing Techniques; Immunoassay; Antibodies; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes
PubMed: 36493838
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160700 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020The ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis in changing conditions is crucial for growth and survival. Eukaryotes have developed complex signaling pathways to... (Review)
Review
The ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis in changing conditions is crucial for growth and survival. Eukaryotes have developed complex signaling pathways to adapt to a readily changing environment, including the inositol phosphate (InsP) signaling pathway. In plants and humans the pyrophosphorylated inositol molecules, inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), have been implicated in phosphate and energy sensing. PP-InsPs are synthesized from the phosphorylation of InsP, the most abundant InsP. The plant PP-InsP synthesis pathway is similar but distinct from that of the human, which may reflect differences in how molecules such as Ins(1,4,5)P and InsP function in plants vs. animals. In addition, PP-InsPs can potentially interact with several major signaling proteins in plants, suggesting PP-InsPs play unique signaling roles via binding to protein partners. In this review, we will compare the biosynthesis and role of PP-InsPs in animals and plants, focusing on three central themes: InsP synthesis pathways, synthesis and regulation of the PP-InsPs, and function of a specific protein domain called the Syg1, Pho1, Xpr1 (SPX ) domain in binding PP-InsPs and regulating inorganic phosphate (P) sensing. This review will provide novel insights into the biosynthetic pathway and bioactivity of these key signaling molecules in plant and human systems.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor); Phytic Acid; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Virus; Signal Transduction; Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor
PubMed: 32560343
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122789