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Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Root canal infections are associated with biofilms and are treated with chemical irrigants with a high success rate. However, treatment failure does arise, which is...
Root canal infections are associated with biofilms and are treated with chemical irrigants with a high success rate. However, treatment failure does arise, which is attributed primarily to resistance exhibited by biofilms. Currently used irrigants in root canal treatment have disadvantages, and there is therefore a need for more biocompatible alternatives with antibiofilm properties to reduce root canal treatment failure and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm properties of phytic acid (IP6), which is a potential alternative treatment agent. Single- and dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were developed on the well surfaces of 12-well plates and on hydroxyapatite (HA) coupons, and then exposed to IP6. In addition, selected HA coupons were preconditioned with IP6 before biofilm development. IP6 demonstrated bactericidal effects and altered the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy showed that IP6 caused significant and rapid reduction in live biofilm cells. At sublethal concentrations, IP6 did not alter the expression of tested virulence genes except for C. albicans , the expression of which was upregulated but not reflected by a change in hyphal transformation. IP6-preconditioned HA coupons led to extensive inhibition of dual-species biofilm formation. The results of this study highlight for the first time the antibiofilm inhibitory properties of IP6 and the potential for its exploitation in several clinical applications. Root canal infections are biofilm associated, and despite mechanical and chemical treatment procedures, infection recurrence occurs, and this is likely due to the high tolerance of associated biofilms to antimicrobials. The currently used treatment agents have several disadvantages, which necessitates the search for new improved agents. In this study, the natural chemical phytic acid was found to exhibit antibiofilm activity against established mono and dual mature biofilms over a short contact time. Most importantly, phytic acid was found to cause significant inhibition of dual-species biofilm formation when used as a surface preconditioning agent. The findings of this study identified a novel use of phytic acid as a potential antibiofilm agent that can be used in several clinical applications.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Biofilms
PubMed: 37191582
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00267-23 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2022This study investigated the effect of phytic acid (IP6) in different concentrations and application times on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and interfacial integrity...
This study investigated the effect of phytic acid (IP6) in different concentrations and application times on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and interfacial integrity of universal adhesive to deep dentin. Flat deep dentin surfaces of 48 human molars were either etched with 37% phosphoric acid (PA) for 15 sec (control); or received no acid treatment and universal adhesive was applied directly in a self-etch mode (SE); or divided according to IP6 concentration (C) into two main groups: C1, 0.5%, and C2, 1%. Specimens of IP6 groups were further subdivided into three subgroups according to application time of IP6 (T) where; T1, 15 sec; T2, 30 sec and T3, 60 sec. Single Bond Universal Adhesive was then applied and resin composite blocks were built-up. Forty Specimens were then sectioned to produce resin/dentin beams that were used for µTBS testing using a universal testing machine. The remaining eight specimens were sectioned into slabs that were immersed into ammonical silver nitrate solution and nanoleakage was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results showed that the application of IP6 in 0.5% and 1% produced significantly higher µTBS and less nanoleakage compared to PA and SE groups. Also, the application of IP6 for 60 sec recorded the highest µTBS and the lowest nanoleakage followed by 30 sec, and 15 sec respectively. Therefore, conditioning of deep dentin with IP6 enhances µTBS and interfacial integrity of universal adhesive to deep dentin in comparison to PA etching or using the universal adhesive in SE mode.
Topics: Humans; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Phytic Acid; Dentin; Tensile Strength; Silver Nitrate; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Composite Resins; Dentin-Bonding Agents
PubMed: 36287493
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204810 -
ACS Omega Sep 2022Cotton-based raw paper, made of 100% cellulose, is used to make humidity-sensing, cottonid for bio-architecture applications. Despite its renewability and excellent...
Cotton-based raw paper, made of 100% cellulose, is used to make humidity-sensing, cottonid for bio-architecture applications. Despite its renewability and excellent mechanical properties, it is inherently flammable. In an effort to reduce its flammability, thin films of fully renewable and environmentally benign polyelectrolytes, chitosan (CH) and phytic acid (PA), were deposited on raw paper via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Only four bilayers (BL) of the CH/PA coating are required to achieve self-extinguishing behavior, with a 69% reduction in peak heat release rate measured by microscale combustion calorimetry. These results demonstrate that this renewable intumescent LbL-assembled film provides an effective flame-retardant treatment for these environmentally friendly, climate-adaptive construction materials and could potentially be used to protect many cellulosic materials.
PubMed: 36120026
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04194 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2019-inositol has been established as an important growth-promoting factor of mammalian cells and animals. The role of -inositol as a lipotropic factor has been proven, in... (Review)
Review
-inositol has been established as an important growth-promoting factor of mammalian cells and animals. The role of -inositol as a lipotropic factor has been proven, in addition to its involvement as co-factors of enzymes and as messenger molecules in signal transduction. -inositol deficiency leads to intestinal lipodystrophy in animals and "inositol-less death" in some fungi. Of late, diverse uses of -inositol and its derivatives have been discovered in medicinal research. These compounds are used in the treatment of a variety of ailments from diabetes to cancer, and continued research in this direction promises a new future in therapeutics. In different diseases, inositols implement different strategies for therapeutic actions such as tissue specific increase or decrease in inositol products, production of inositol phosphoglycans (IPGs), conversion of -inositol (MI) to D--inositol (DCI), modulation of signal transduction, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, etc. Though inositol pharmacology is a relatively lesser-known field, recent years of research has generated a critical mass of information on the subject. This review aims to summarize our current understanding on the role of inositol derivatives in ameliorating the symptoms of different diseases.
PubMed: 31680956
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01172 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), derivatives of inositol hexakisphosphate (phytic acid, InsP) or lower inositol polyphosphates, are energy-rich signaling molecules... (Review)
Review
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), derivatives of inositol hexakisphosphate (phytic acid, InsP) or lower inositol polyphosphates, are energy-rich signaling molecules that have critical regulatory functions in eukaryotes. In plants, the biosynthesis and the cellular targets of these messengers are not fully understood. This is because, in part, plants do not possess canonical InsP kinases and are able to synthesize PP-InsP isomers that appear to be absent in yeast or mammalian cells. This review will shed light on recent discoveries in the biosynthesis of these enigmatic messengers and on how they regulate important physiological processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants.
PubMed: 36035672
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.944515 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022This study aimed to fabricate food-grade Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan-phytic acid-β-cyclodextrin (CS-PA-CD) nanoparticles. The CS-PA-CD nanoparticles were...
This study aimed to fabricate food-grade Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan-phytic acid-β-cyclodextrin (CS-PA-CD) nanoparticles. The CS-PA-CD nanoparticles were characterized with FITR, XRD, and TGA to prove its successfully crosslinking, then characterized by DLS system and scanning electron microscopy showing the smallest average particle size was 434.2 ± 2.5 nm and it increased with the ratio of PA-CD to CS increasing. Pickering emulsions stabilized by CS-PA-CD nanoparticles was prepared and it showed the best stability at around pH 6. The particle concentration higher than 1.0% (/) and the oil fraction above 0.5% (/) could reach the emulsion stability. In addition, the Pickering emulsions were stable at various temperature (30-70 °C) and influenced by the certain change of ionic strength (0-500 mM). These CS-PA-CD Pickering emulsions showed great application in the formation of functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.
PubMed: 35159600
DOI: 10.3390/foods11030450 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Hydrogels based on natural, biodegradable materials have gained considerable interest in the medical field due to their improved drug delivery profiles and...
Hydrogels based on natural, biodegradable materials have gained considerable interest in the medical field due to their improved drug delivery profiles and tissue-mimicking architecture. In this regard, this study was devoted to the preparation and characterization of new physically crosslinked hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose and an unconventional crosslinking agent, phytic acid. Phytic acid, in addition to its antioxidant and antibacterial effects, can improve the biological properties and stability of gels, without adding toxicity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, rheological studies and thermal analysis confirmed the hydrogel formation. The influence of the ratio between the cellulose derivative and the crosslinker upon the morphological structure and water uptake was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and swelling measurements in simulated body fluids. Furthermore, procaine was entrapped within the hydrogels and used as a model drug for in vitro studies, which highlighted the dependence of the drug release on the phytic acid content of the matrix. The materials demonstrated antibacterial effects against and bacteria. The biocompatibility was assessed on fibroblast cells, and according to our results, hydrogels can improve cell viability highlighting the potential of these systems as therapeutic scaffolds for skin tissue engineering.
PubMed: 36286150
DOI: 10.3390/gels8100647 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Trace minerals are extremely important for balanced nutrition, growth, and development in animals and humans. Phytic acid chelation promotes the use of probiotics in...
Trace minerals are extremely important for balanced nutrition, growth, and development in animals and humans. Phytic acid chelation promotes the use of probiotics in nutrition. The phytic acid-degrading strain psm16 was obtained from swine milk by enrichment culture and direct plate methods. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the strain psm16 on mineral element content in a mouse model. Mice were divided into four groups: basal diet, 1% phytic acid, 1% phytic acid + psm16, 1% phytic acid + 500 U/kg commercial phytase. Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased in the strain psm16 group compared to the phytic acid group. The concentrations of copper ( = 0.021) and zinc ( = 0.017) in liver, calcium ( = 0.000), manganese ( = 0.000), and zinc ( = 0.000) in plasma and manganese ( = 0.010) and zinc ( = 0.022) in kidney were significantly increased in psm16 group, while copper ( = 0.007) and magnesium ( = 0.001) were significantly reduced. In conclusion, the addition of phytic acid-degrading bacteria psm16 into a diet including phytic acid can affect the content of trace elements in the liver, kidney, and plasma of mice, counteracting the harmful effects of phytic acid.
PubMed: 34880838
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.753195 -
Food Chemistry: X Dec 2020Biofortified rice with high Zn concentration could reduce Zn deficiency in South Asia. This population frequently parboils rice. True retention (TR) of Zn, Fe and phytic...
Biofortified rice with high Zn concentration could reduce Zn deficiency in South Asia. This population frequently parboils rice. True retention (TR) of Zn, Fe and phytic acid after parboiling and milling was evaluated in biofortified and non-biofortified rice. TR in milled non-parboiled rice was 63.8-89.6% for Zn, 21.1-44.5% for Fe and 16.4-40.3% for phytic acid, whereas in milled parboiled rice TR was 49.8-72.2% for Zn, 23.4-36.7% for Fe and 22.0-33.3% for phytic acid. Milled parboiled rice resulted in lower Zn TR compared to milled non-parboiled. These results suggest that Zn moves from the inner endosperm towards the outer layers during parboiling, regardless of initial Zn concentration, consequently, once milled, the potential impact of Zn intake on Zn deficiency from parboiled rice is less than non-parboiled rice. Despite Zn losses during processing, biofortified rice could provide over 50% of the Zn EAR for children.
PubMed: 33073230
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2020.100105 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022The use of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is severely limited due to its flammability and dripping, which can easily cause major fire hazards. Therefore, choosing an...
The use of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is severely limited due to its flammability and dripping, which can easily cause major fire hazards. Therefore, choosing an appropriate flame retardant to solve this problem is an urgent need. A coating was prepared on the FPUF surface by dipping with phytic acid (PA), Fe(SO)·HO, and laponite (LAP). The influence of PA-Fe/LAP coating on FPUF flame-retardant performance was explored by thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion behavior, and smoke density analysis. FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP has a good performance in the small fire test, which can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index reaches 24.5%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate values and maximum smoke density of FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP are reduced by 38.7% and 38.5% compared with those of neat FPUF. After applying PA-Fe/LAP coating, the value of fire growth rate index decreases from 10.5 kW/(m·s) to 5.1 kW/(m·s), dramatically reducing the fire risk. Encouragingly, the effect of PA-Fe/LAP coating on cyclic compression and permanent deformation is small, which is close to that of neat FPUF. This work provides an effective strategy for making a flame-retardant FPUF with antidripping and keeping mechanical properties.
Topics: Flame Retardants; Iron; Phytic Acid; Polyurethanes; Silicates; Smoke
PubMed: 36012407
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169145