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Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jun 2021Wheat grain is a rich source of phosphorus which is present mostly as phytic acid and is distributed mainly in the bran and germ fractions. Phytic acid has now been...
Wheat grain is a rich source of phosphorus which is present mostly as phytic acid and is distributed mainly in the bran and germ fractions. Phytic acid has now been recognized as an important phytochemical having antioxidant properties. This study deals with the determination of total as well as phytic phosphorus contents of psyllium (PS), course (CB) and fine wheat bran (FB) enriched pan bread and Arabic flat bread. The concentration of phytic acid in CB, FB, wheat germ, wholegrain wheat flour (WGF), white wheat flour (WWF), and psyllium were found to be 8.86 mg/g, 8.52 mg/g, 6.05 mg/g, 1.74 mg/g, 0.46 mg/g and 0.02 mg/g, respectively. Most of the phosphorus existed as phytic phosphorus (74.7-90.8%) in FB, CB, germ, and WGF as compared to only 42.6% in WWF. The level of phytic phosphorus in pan bread containing 10% CB, 20% FB (both containing with 5% PS) was found to be 0.63 mg/g and 1.53 mg/g respectively, as compared to only 0.34 mg/g in WWF pan bread, and 0.90 mg/g in WGF pan bread. The phytic phosphorus content in Arabic bread made with WGF and 3% psyllium was 1.32 mg/g as compared to only 0.48 mg/g in WWF Arabic flat bread. The results obtained indicate that the level of phytic phosphorus significantly increased in bread formulations containing CB, FB, and WGF, but no change with psyllium addition was observed. Adding these wheat mill fractions, and psyllium will enable bakeries not only to produce fiber-enriched pan bread and Arabic bread but would also benefit consumers to increase their dietary fiber intakes, and health-promoting phytochemicals coming from wheat bran and germ fractions.
PubMed: 34121903
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.037 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Flexible supercapacitors can be ideal flexible power sources for wearable electronics due to their ultra-high power density and high cycle life. In daily applications,...
Flexible supercapacitors can be ideal flexible power sources for wearable electronics due to their ultra-high power density and high cycle life. In daily applications, wearable devices will inevitably cause damage or short circuit during bending, stretching, and compression. Therefore, it is necessary to develop proper energy storage devices to meet the requirements of various wearable electronic devices. Herein, Poly(vinyl alcohol) linked various content of phytic acid (PVA-PAx) hydrogels are synthesized with high transparency and high toughness by a one-step freeze-thaw method. The effects of different raw material ratios and agents on the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the hydrogel electrolyte are investigated. The PVA-PA with 2 M HSO solution (PVA-PA-2 M HSO) shows a high ionic conductivity of 62.75 mS cm. Based on this, flexible supercapacitors fabricated with PVA-PA-2 M HSO hydrogel present a high specific capacitance at 1 A g after bending at 90° (64.8 F g) and for 30 times (67.3 F g), respectively. Moreover, the device shows energy densities of 13.5 Wh kg and 14.0 Wh kg at a power density of 300 W kg after bending at 90° and for 30 times during 10,000 cycles. It provides inspiration for the design and development of electrolytes for related energy electrochemical devices.
PubMed: 36770340
DOI: 10.3390/nano13030380 -
G3 (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2021Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season food legume for sustainable food production and human nutrition due to its nitrogen fixation capabilities and...
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season food legume for sustainable food production and human nutrition due to its nitrogen fixation capabilities and nutrient-dense seed. However, minimal breeding research has been conducted to improve the nutritional quality of the seed for biofortification, and most genomic-assisted breeding studies utilize small populations with few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genomic resources for pea have lagged behind those of other grain crops, but the recent release of the Pea Single Plant Plus Collection (PSPPC) and the pea reference genome provide new tools to study nutritional traits for biofortification. Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, and phytic acid concentrations were measured in a study population of 299 different accessions grown under greenhouse conditions. Broad phenotypic variation was detected for all parameters except phytic acid. Calcium exhibited moderate broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates, at 50%, while all other minerals exhibited low heritability. Of the accessions used, 267 were previously genotyped in the PSPPC release by the USDA, and we mapped the genotyping data to the pea reference genome for the first time. This study generated 54,344 high-quality SNPs used to investigate the population structure of the PSPPC and perform a genome-wide association study to identify genomic loci associated with mineral concentrations in mature pea seed. Overall, we were able to identify multiple significant SNPs and candidate genes for iron, phosphorus, and zinc. These results can be used for genetic improvement in pea for nutritional traits and biofortification, and the candidate genes provide insight into mineral metabolism.
Topics: Biofortification; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Minerals; Pisum sativum; Phytic Acid; Plant Breeding
PubMed: 34544130
DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab227 -
Biomaterials Research Dec 2023Magnesium oxychloride cement has good mechanical properties, but poor water resistance.
BACKGROUND
Magnesium oxychloride cement has good mechanical properties, but poor water resistance.
METHODS
Phytic acid, which can form chelate with Mg, was used to modify magnesium oxychloride cement, and the effects of phytic acid on the strength, in vitro degradation and biological activity of magnesium oxychloride cement were studied. Based on the preparation of phytic acid modified magnesium oxychloride cement with good water resistance and biological activity, osteoporosis treatment strontium ranelate was loaded on phytic acid- magnesium oxychloride cement, strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement was prepared.
RESULTS
It was found that the compressive strength of 1.25 wt% phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement after soaking in SBF for 28 d could reach 40.5 ± 2.0 MPa, 13.33% higher than that of the control group (when phytic acid was 0 wt%), and the mass loss rate of all ages was lower than that of the control group. The water resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement was effectively improved by phytic acid. After loading with strontium ranelate, the water resistance of 1.25 wt% phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement was improved. Cell experiments showed that strontium ranelate could effectively promote cell proliferation and improve the expression of osteoblast-related proteins. When strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement samples were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 4 w, no obvious inflammatory response was observed, and the material was tightly bound to the surrounding tissues. When bone cement was implanted into rat femur for 4 w, the bone cement was gradually wrapped and absorbed by new bone tissue, which grew from the outside to the inside, indicating that the bone cement containing strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement had excellent bone-forming ability.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the results indicated that strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement composite bone cement had a potential application prospect in clinical bone repair.
PubMed: 38072982
DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00474-8 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Polyester/cotton (T/C) blend fabrics are highly flammable due to the particular "scaffolding effect". In this work, an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) agent containing...
Polyester/cotton (T/C) blend fabrics are highly flammable due to the particular "scaffolding effect". In this work, an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) agent containing P, N, and B was designed and synthesized using bio-based phytic acid, pentaerythritol, boric acid, and urea. The IFR compounds were deposited onto a T/C blend fabric by the surface-coating route. The chemical structure of IFR agent and its potential cross-linking reactions with T/C fibers were characterized. The morphology, thermal stability, heat-release ability, flame retardancy, and mechanism of coated T/C blend fabrics were explored. The self-extinguishing action was observed for the coated T/C blend fabric with a weight gain of 13.7%; the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased to 27.1% versus 16.9% for a pristine one. Furthermore, the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coating imparted T/C blend fabrics with high thermal stability and significantly suppressed heat release by nearly 50%. The char residue analyses on morphology and element content confirmed the intumescent FR action for coated T/C blend fabrics. The prepared IFR coating has great potential to serve as an eco-friendly approach for improving the flame retardancy of T/C blend textiles.
PubMed: 36143732
DOI: 10.3390/ma15186420 -
Bioactive Materials Oct 2022This study investigated the osteogenic performance of new brushite cements obtained from Li-doped β-tricalcium phosphate as a promising strategy for bone regeneration....
This study investigated the osteogenic performance of new brushite cements obtained from Li-doped β-tricalcium phosphate as a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Lithium (Li) is a promising trace element to encourage the migration and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and the osteogenic differentiation-related gene expression, essential for osteogenesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) measurements proved the precipitation of brushite, as main phase, and monetite, indicating that Li favored the formation of monetite under certain conditions. Li was detected in the remaining pore solution in significant amounts after the completion of hydration. Isothermal calorimetry results showed an accelerating effect of Li, especially for low concentration of the setting retarder (phytic acid). A decrease of initial and final setting times with increasing amount of Li was detected and setting times could be well adjusted by varying the setting retarder concentration. The cements presented compressive mechanical strength within the ranges reported for cancellous bone. assays using hASCs showed normal metabolic and proliferative levels. The immunodetection and gene expression profile of osteogenic-related markers highlight the incorporation of Li for increasing the bone density. The osteogenic potential of Li-doped brushite cements may be recommended for further research on bone defect repair strategies.
PubMed: 35415287
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.025 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021Iron deficiency and anemia are common in low- and middle-income countries. This is due to a poor dietary iron density and low iron absorption resulting from the high...
Iron deficiency and anemia are common in low- and middle-income countries. This is due to a poor dietary iron density and low iron absorption resulting from the high inhibitory phytic acid content in cereal and millet-based diets. Here, we report that a naturally occurring low phytic acid finger millet accession (571 mg 100 g), stable across three growing seasons with normal iron content (3.6 mg 100 g), increases iron absorption by 3-folds in normal Indian women. The accessions differing in grain phytic acid content, GE 2358 (low), and GE1004 (high) were selected from a core collection of 623 accessions. Whole genome re-sequencing of the accessions revealed significant single nucleotide variations segregating them into distinct clades. A non-synonymous mutation in the phytic acid transporter gene between high and low accessions could affect gene function and result in phytic acid differences. The highly sensitive dual stable-isotope erythrocyte incorporation method was adopted to assess the fractional iron absorption. The low phytic acid accession resulted in a significantly higher iron absorption compared with the high phytic acid accession (3.7 vs. 1.3%, < 0.05). The low phytic acid accession could be effective in preventing iron deficiency in regions where finger millet is habitually eaten. With its low water requirement, finger millet leaves low environmental footprints and hence would be an excellent sustainable strategy to mitigate iron deficiency.
PubMed: 35402470
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.791392 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2020The formation of metal complexes with phytic acid is a complex process that depends strongly on the metal-to-ligand molar ratio, pH value and consequent protonation...
The formation of metal complexes with phytic acid is a complex process that depends strongly on the metal-to-ligand molar ratio, pH value and consequent protonation level of the phytate ligand as well as accompanying side reactions, in particular metal hydrolysis and precipitation of the formed coordination compounds. In the present work, the potentiometric titration technique was used in combination with a detailed analysis of the equivalent point dependencies for selected biologically relevant monovalent and divalent cations from the groups of alkaline earths and transition metals, namely: Mg(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Cu(I), and Cu(II) ions. The investigation of complex formation mechanism, the evaluation of the species formed, and the identification of other side reactions was based on the examination of three distinct equivalent points, which were detectable by alkalimetric titrations of phytic acid in the presence of selected metal ions. It has been demonstrated that alkaline earth metals interact with different binding site(s) than the transition metals, and experiments with both oxidation states of copper revealed similar complexing characteristics, which depend mainly on the ionic radius (and not on the ionic charge as initially expected). Quantitative data on phytate complexation, hydroxide formation and complex precipitation are presented herein for all metals studied, including Cu(I), which was investigated for the first time by means of alkalimetric titration.
PubMed: 33173770
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.582746 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021The tree . provides its leaves, pods, flowers and seeds for human nutrition. The chemical profile of all these Moringa products varies substantially, not only among the... (Review)
Review
The tree . provides its leaves, pods, flowers and seeds for human nutrition. The chemical profile of all these Moringa products varies substantially, not only among the different parts of the plants used. Cultivating, processing as well as storage conditions chiefly determine the contents of nutrients and anti-nutritive constituents. Anti-nutrients, e.g., phytic acid or tannins, are present in notable amounts and may affect micronutrient bioavailability. Although products have been promoted for several health benefits and are discussed as an alternative treatment in various diseases, risk assessment studies evaluating contamination levels are scarce. Recent investigations have demonstrated alarming contents of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mycotoxins in products, indicating the need for a comprehensive risk assessment and contingent legal regulation of these products. In this mini review, we briefly outline pivotal, food chemistry and nutrition related data on Moringa preparations in order to stimulate in-depth research to close the presented knowledge gaps.
PubMed: 34796194
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.751076 -
Contemporary Oncology (Poznan, Poland) 2021The third most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the highest causes of tumour deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). The main objective of this study was to...
INTRODUCTION
The third most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the highest causes of tumour deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). The main objective of this study was to determine the role of microRNA-224 (miR-224) as well as microRNA-200a (miR-200a) in CRC. Phytic acid (PA) is a natural antitumour product that was reported to inhibit CRC and play a vital role as a chemopreventive agent against CRC.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We induced CRC in albino rats using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). The miR-224, miR-200a, and β-catenin expressions were determined. ELISAs were performed to investigate Bcl-2 expression, caspase-3 activity, and total tissue antioxidants. Finally, histopathological investigations were performed.
RESULTS
We observed a chemoprotective role of PA. PA has a synergistic effect as an antitumour agent with oxaliplatin in CRC treatment. The miR-224, miR-200a, and β-catenin expression, when treated with PA alone or with oxaliplatin, was decreased markedly in comparison with the positive control group. The histopathological investigations of colorectal tissues confirmed our molecular and biochemical findings.
CONCLUSIONS
Phytic acid possessed efficient anti-carcinogenic properties alone or with oxaliplatin against 1,2-DMH-induced CRC in rats through pathways of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and antioxidants.
PubMed: 34667438
DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.106061