-
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; Vitamin K
PubMed: 34971361
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab133 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Mar 2023Although a number of health outcomes such as CVDs, metabolic-related outcomes, neurological disorders, pregnancy outcomes, and cancers have been identified in relation...
BACKGROUND
Although a number of health outcomes such as CVDs, metabolic-related outcomes, neurological disorders, pregnancy outcomes, and cancers have been identified in relation to B vitamins, evidence is of uneven quality and volume, and there is uncertainty about putative causal relationships.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the effects of B vitamins and homocysteine on a wide range of health outcomes based on a large biorepository linking biological samples and electronic medical records.
METHODS
First, we performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to investigate the associations of genetically predicted plasma concentrations (genetic component of the circulating concentrations) of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and their metabolite homocysteine with a wide range of disease outcomes (including both prevalent and incident events) among 385,917 individuals in the UK Biobank. Second, 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to replicate any observed associations and detect causality. We considered MR P <0.05 as significant for replication. Third, dose-response, mediation, and bioinformatics analyses were carried out to examine any nonlinear trends and to disentangle the underlying mediating biological mechanisms for the identified associations.
RESULTS
In total, 1117 phenotypes were tested in each PheWAS analysis. After multiple corrections, 32 phenotypic associations of B vitamins and homocysteine were identified. Two-sample MR analysis supported that 3 of them were causal, including associations of higher plasma vitamin B6 with lower risk of calculus of kidney (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.97; P = 0.033), higher homocysteine concentration with higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56; P = 0.018), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.63; P = 0.012). Significant nonlinear dose-response relationships were observed for the associations of folate with anemia, vitamin B12 with vitamin B-complex deficiencies, anemia and cholelithiasis, and homocysteine with cerebrovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides strong evidence for the associations of B vitamins and homocysteine with endocrine/metabolic and genitourinary disorders.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Vitamin B Complex; Biological Specimen Banks; Folic Acid; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Biomarkers; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; United Kingdom; Homocysteine; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 36811473
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.005 -
Nutrients Sep 2020Matrix gla protein (MGP) is an important vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. High levels of uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated MGP have been...
Matrix gla protein (MGP) is an important vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. High levels of uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated MGP have been associated with vascular calcification and are responsive to vitamin K treatment. In this systematic review, we summarize the available evidence examining whether vitamin K supplementation improves surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease including artery and valve calcification, atherosclerosis and artery stiffening. Data from controlled trials of adults were obtained by searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science Core Collection. We identified nine randomized controlled trials for review, including trials of vitamin K or vitamin K supplementation, that assessed a surrogate measure of cardiovascular disease including arterial calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffening. For each trial, the risk of bias was assessed applying Cochrane Collaboration methodology. The findings indicate that vitamin K does not consistently prevent progression of calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness. There may be some benefit in people with calcification at study entry. Studies were heterogenous, with relatively short follow-up and outcome measures were varied. While vitamin K supplementation clearly improves the carboxylation of dephosphoylated MGP, its role in mitigating vascular calcification is uncertain, based on current evidence.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Atherosclerosis; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vascular Calcification; Vascular Stiffness; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2; Matrix Gla Protein
PubMed: 32977548
DOI: 10.3390/nu12102909 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Thiamine; Shock, Septic; Pilot Projects; Ascorbic Acid; Vitamin A; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37490623
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202307-1140ED -
Cells Nov 2022Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder where osteoclasts are prevalent among osteoblasts. Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of osteoporosis, and nuclear...
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder where osteoclasts are prevalent among osteoblasts. Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of osteoporosis, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of antioxidant responses. Phytol, a diterpene isolated from leaves, has many biological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the crosstalk between Nrf2 and osteoclast differentiation in the presence of phytol. Phytol inhibited osteoclast differentiation through TRAP-positive and F-actin formation. The expression of anti-nuclear factor of activated T cells-c1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos was suppressed by phytol, as shown using Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. Phytol inhibited oxidative stress by suppressing reactive oxidant species (ROS) accumulation while recovering antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. Additionally, phytol ameliorated osteoclast-specific differentiation, function, and oxidative stress through Nrf2 regulation by siRNA transfection. In conclusion, these data demonstrate the inhibitory effect of phytol on osteoclast differentiation through Nrf2 regulation, suggesting its potential use in oxidative stress-related osteoporosis and bone diseases.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antioxidants; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Oxidative Stress; Phytol; RAW 264.7 Cells
PubMed: 36429027
DOI: 10.3390/cells11223596 -
BMC Medicine May 2023There is insufficient evidence for the ability of vitamin K2 to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms by regulating gut microbial composition. Herein, we aimed to...
BACKGROUND
There is insufficient evidence for the ability of vitamin K2 to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms by regulating gut microbial composition. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the key role of the gut microbiota in the improvement of impaired glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by vitamin K2 intervention.
METHODS
We first performed a 6-month RCT on 60 T2DM participants with or without MK-7 (a natural form of vitamin K2) intervention. In addition, we conducted a transplantation of the MK-7-regulated microbiota in diet-induced obesity mice for 4 weeks. 16S rRNA sequencing, fecal metabolomics, and transcriptomics in both study phases were used to clarify the potential mechanism.
RESULTS
After MK-7 intervention, we observed notable 13.4%, 28.3%, and 7.4% reductions in fasting serum glucose (P = 0.048), insulin (P = 0.005), and HbA1c levels (P = 0.019) in type 2 diabetes participants and significant glucose tolerance improvement in diet-induced obesity mice (P = 0.005). Moreover, increased concentrations of secondary bile acids (lithocholic and taurodeoxycholic acid) and short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid) were found in human and mouse feces accompanied by an increased abundance of the genera that are responsible for the biosynthesis of these metabolites. Finally, we found that 4 weeks of fecal microbiota transplantation significantly improved glucose tolerance in diet-induced obesity mice by activating colon bile acid receptors, improving host immune-inflammatory responses, and increasing circulating GLP-1 concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
Our gut-derived findings provide evidence for a regulatory role of vitamin K2 on glycemic homeostasis, which may further facilitate the clinical implementation of vitamin K2 intervention for diabetes management.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered at https://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800019663).
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Insulin Resistance; Vitamin K 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Feces; Glucose; Obesity; Dietary Supplements; Homeostasis
PubMed: 37147641
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02880-0 -
Pediatric Neurology Dec 2020
Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Child Abuse; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Physician's Role; Treatment Refusal; Vitamin K
PubMed: 33190689
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.09.006 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Recent research supports previous contentions that encapsulating vitamins and minerals with liposomes help improve overall bioavailability. This study examined whether... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Recent research supports previous contentions that encapsulating vitamins and minerals with liposomes help improve overall bioavailability. This study examined whether ingesting a liposomal multivitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) differentially affects the appearance and/or clearance of vitamins and minerals in the blood compared to a non-liposomal MVM supplement. In a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced manner, 34 healthy men and women fasted for 12 h. Then, they ingested a non-liposomal (NL) or liposomal (L) MVM supplement and a standardized snack. Venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after MVM ingestion and analyzed for a panel of vitamins and minerals. Plasma levels of vitamins and minerals and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using general linear model statistics with repeated measures. The observed values were also entered into pharmacokinetic analysis software and analyzed through univariate analysis of variance with repeated measure contrasts. The results revealed an overall treatment x time interaction effect among the vitamins and minerals evaluated ( = 0.051, ηp2 = 0.054, moderate effect). Differences between treatments were also observed in volume distribution area (vitamin E, iron), median residence time (vitamin E, iron), volume distribution area (iron), volume of distribution steady state (vitamin A, E, iron), clearance rates (vitamin A, E), elimination phase half-life (vitamin E, iron), distribution/absorption phase intercept (vitamin A), and distribution/absorption phase slope and rate (vitamin C, calcium). Vitamin volume distribution was lower with liposomal MVM ingestion than non-liposomal MVM sources, suggesting greater clearance and absorption since similar amounts of vitamins and minerals were ingested. These findings indicate that coating a MVM with liposomes affects individual nutrient pharmacokinetic profiles. Additional research should evaluate how long-term supplementation of liposomal MVM supplements may affect vitamin and mineral status, nutrient function, and/or health outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Dietary Supplements; Iron; Liposomes; Minerals; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37447400
DOI: 10.3390/nu15133073 -
Molecular Cell Oct 2022The dietary factor vitamin K has been found to protect against ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. This reveals new dietary links to cancers...
The dietary factor vitamin K has been found to protect against ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. This reveals new dietary links to cancers and degenerative conditions and a key factor involved in warfarin poisoning.
Topics: Ferroptosis; Vitamin K; Warfarin; Lipid Peroxidation; Cell Death
PubMed: 36270246
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.001 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Nov 2022Fermentation is a green, low-carbon and sustainable process for the production of food, chemicals, fuels, and materials by using microbial strains as biocatalysts and... (Review)
Review
Fermentation is a green, low-carbon and sustainable process for the production of food, chemicals, fuels, and materials by using microbial strains as biocatalysts and renewable resources such as starch and biomass as feedstocks. China has the world's largest fermentation industry, the scale of amino acids, vitamins, and some other fermentation products accounted for 60%-80% of the global market share. The development of fermentation industry is of great significance for the strategic goal of "carbon neutralization and carbon peak" and the development of bioeconomy. Microbial strains are the core of fermentation industry, which directly decide what kind of chemical can be produced from what kind of feedstock at what cost. Innovating industrial strains to improve the conversion efficiency of raw materials, increase the production level, and expand product portfolio is the key to the high-quality development of fermentation industry. In recent years, the development of synthetic biology and systems biology has further deepened the understanding of the physiological and metabolic mechanisms of microbial chassis and accelerated the development of gene editing and other enabling technologies for strain design and engineering. All these advances have provided new driving force for the upgrading of industrial strains. This review focused on the representative fermentation products including amino acids, B vitamins, citric acid, and bio-ethanol. The latest progress of strain development for fermentation industry was reviewed from the perspective of basic research and technology innovation for industrial microbial chassis. How the integration of artificial intelligence and automation with life science will reshape the upgrading of industrial strains was also discussed.
Topics: Fermentation; Artificial Intelligence; Vitamin K; Amino Acids; Carbon
PubMed: 37699686
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220611