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Nature Reviews. Urology Oct 2023Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the... (Review)
Review
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Calcium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kidney Calculi; Urolithiasis; Vitamin A; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37161031
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Cataract, defined as the opacification of the lens that prevents clear vision, is a leading cause of vision loss and impairment worldwide. Elderly people comprise the... (Review)
Review
Cataract, defined as the opacification of the lens that prevents clear vision, is a leading cause of vision loss and impairment worldwide. Elderly people comprise the highest proportion of those suffering from this eye disease. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the risk of developing aged-related cataract (ARC) increases with every decade of life, starting from the age of 40. Despite progress in surgical treatment methods, life-style modifications may be beneficial in prevention or slowing down the progression of ARC. This systematic review aims to summarize studies on the significance of specific nutritional patterns, dietary products, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids intake in the onset or progression of ARC. In this context, the presented paper thoroughly analyzes 24 articles, following the PRISMA guidelines. The results indicate significant protective effects of various dietary patterns, including the Korean balanced diet, vegetarian diet, "dairy products and vegetables", "traditional", "antioxidant", and "omega-3" patterns. Additionally, the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, skimmed yoghurt, fish, coffee, and vitamins has shown positive effects on cataract incidence. Therefore, further research seems to be essential to gain a better understanding of these associations and to create uniform dietary recommendations for both the vulnerable population and ARC patients.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Humans; Vitamins; Diet; Cataract; Antioxidants; Vitamin A; Vegetables; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37960238
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214585 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins have been reported to be associated with a large spectrum of age-related diseases. While most of these associations have been... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins have been reported to be associated with a large spectrum of age-related diseases. While most of these associations have been deduced from observational studies, solid evidence for the direct impact of vitamin K on cellular senescence remains to be proven. As vitamin K status reflects the complexity of interactions between dietary intake, gut microbiome activity and health, we will demonstrate the pivotal role of the diet-microbiome-health axis in human ageing and exemplify how vitamin K is implicated therein. We propose that food quality (i.e., food pattern) should be highlighted beyond the quantity of total vitamin K intake. Instead of focusing on a single nutrient, exploring a healthy diet containing vitamin K may be more strategic. As such, healthy eating patterns can be used to make dietary recommendations for the public. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary vitamin K is a modulator of the diet-microbiome-health axis, and this needs to be incorporated into the investigation of the impact of vitamin K on gut microbial composition and metabolic activities, along with host health outcomes. In addition, we highlight several critical caveats that need to be acknowledged regarding the interplay between diet, vitamin K, gut microbiome and host health that is pivotal for elucidating the role of vitamin K in ageing and responding to the urgent call of healthy eating concerning public health.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Vitamin K; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Aging
PubMed: 37375631
DOI: 10.3390/nu15122727 -
Journal of Medical Toxicology :... Oct 2020
Topics: Anticoagulants; Antidotes; Cannabinoids; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Contamination; Humans; Patient Care Team; Pharmacists; Poisoning; Professional Role; Rodenticides; Vitamin K 1
PubMed: 32638283
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-020-00793-5 -
Archives of Osteoporosis Jun 2023This study assessed whether vitamin K, given with oral bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D has an additive effect on fracture risk in post-menopausal women with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
UNLABELLED
This study assessed whether vitamin K, given with oral bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D has an additive effect on fracture risk in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. No difference in bone density or bone turnover was observed although vitamin K supplementation led to a modest effect on parameters of hip geometry.
PURPOSE
Some clinical studies have suggested that vitamin K prevents bone loss and may improve fracture risk. The aim was to assess whether vitamin K supplementation has an additive effect on bone mineral density (BMD), hip geometry and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis (PMO) and sub-optimum vitamin K status receiving bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D treatment.
METHODS
We conducted a trial in 105 women aged 68.7[12.3] years with PMO and serum vitamin K ≤ 0.4 µg/L. They were randomised to 3 treatment arms; vitamin K (1 mg/day) arm, vitamin K arm (MK-4; 45 mg/day) or placebo for 18 months. They were on oral bisphosphonate and calcium and/or vitamin D. We measured BMD by DXA, hip geometry parameters using hip structural analysis (HSA) software and BTMs. Vitamin K or MK-4 supplementation was each compared to placebo. Intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Changes in BMD at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine and BTMs; CTX and P1NP did not differ significantly following either K or MK-4 supplementation compared to placebo. Following PP analysis and correction for covariates, there were significant differences in some of the HSA parameters at the intertrochanter (IT) and femoral shaft (FS): IT endocortical diameter (ED) (% change placebo:1.5 [4.1], K arm: -1.02 [5.07], p = 0.04), FS subperiosteal/outer diameter (OD) (placebo: 1.78 [5.3], K arm: 0.46 [2.23] p = 0.04), FS cross sectional area (CSA) (placebo:1.47 [4.09],K arm: -1.02[5.07], p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
The addition of vitamin K to oral bisphosphonate with calcium and/or vitamin D treatment in PMO has a modest effect on parameters of hip geometry. Further confirmatory studies are needed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered at Clinicaltrial.gov:NCT01232647.
Topics: Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Vitamin K; Diphosphonates; Calcium; Fractures, Bone; Bone Density; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Vitamin K 1; Femur Neck; Calcium, Dietary; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37338608
DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01288-w -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2021Numerous studies have shown that perioperative heparin bridging in patients treated with a vitamin K antagonist leads to an increased incidence of bleeding and so far,... (Review)
Review
Numerous studies have shown that perioperative heparin bridging in patients treated with a vitamin K antagonist leads to an increased incidence of bleeding and so far, there is no evidence that it leads to a significant reduction in postoperative thromboembolism as summarised in this review. Prophylactic dosage of heparin is recommended after major surgery. Heparin bridging is not relevant in patients receiving a direct oral anticoagulant due to the rapid onset and offset of action of DOACs.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Perioperative Care; Thromboembolism; Vitamin K
PubMed: 34851259
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Open Sep 2023COVID-19 has caused morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality worldwide. Despite effective vaccines, there is still a need for effective treatments, especially for people... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 has caused morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality worldwide. Despite effective vaccines, there is still a need for effective treatments, especially for people in the community. Dietary supplements have long been used to treat respiratory infections, and preliminary evidence indicates some may be effective in people with COVID-19. We sought to evaluate whether a combination of vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K and zinc could improve overall health and decrease symptom burden in outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19.
METHODS
Participants were randomised to receive either vitamin C (6 g), vitamin D (1000 units), vitamin K (240 μg) and zinc acetate (75 mg) or placebo daily for 21 days and were followed for 12 weeks. An additional loading dose of 50 000 units vitamin D (or placebo) was given on day one. The primary outcome was participant-reported overall health using the EuroQol Visual Assessment Scale summed over 21 days. Secondary outcomes included health status, symptom severity, symptom duration, delayed return to usual health, frequency of hospitalisation and mortality.
RESULTS
90 patients (46 control, 44 treatment) were randomised. The study was stopped prematurely due to insufficient capacity for recruitment. The mean difference (control-treatment) in cumulative overall health was -37.4 (95% CI -157.2 to 82.3), p=0.53 on a scale of 0-2100. No clinically or statistically significant differences were seen in any secondary outcomes.
INTERPRETATION
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19, the dietary supplements vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K and zinc acetate showed no clinically or statistically significant effects on the documented measures of health compared with a placebo when given for 21 days. Termination due to feasibility limited our ability to demonstrate the efficacy of these supplements for COVID-19. Further research is needed to determine clinical utility.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT04780061.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Zinc Acetate; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Ascorbic Acid; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 37739466
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2021Understanding the pathways involved in chlorophyll breakdown provides a molecular map to the color changes observed in plant life on a global scale each fall....
Understanding the pathways involved in chlorophyll breakdown provides a molecular map to the color changes observed in plant life on a global scale each fall. Surprisingly, little is known about the fate of phytol, chlorophyll's 20-carbon branched-chain tail, during this process. A recent study from Gutbrod et al. provides evidence using physiological, genetic, and exquisitely sensitive analytical approaches that phytenal is an intermediate in plant phytol catabolism. These insights and techniques open the door to further investigation of this complicated metabolic system, with implications for plant health and agriculture.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Chlorophyll; Phytol; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 34022219
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100802 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2020Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms which is a serious health concern. This problem arises due to the close...
Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms which is a serious health concern. This problem arises due to the close morphological resemblances of toxic mushrooms with edible ones. The genus Inocybe comprises both edible and poisonous species and it is therefore important to differentiate them. Knowledge about their chemical nature will unambiguously determine their edibility and aid in an effective treatment in case of poisonings. In the present study, the presence of volatile toxic metabolites was verified in Inocybe virosa by gas chromatography. Methyl palmitate, phenol, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl) and phytol were the identified compounds with suspected toxicity. The presence of the toxin muscarine was confirmed by liquid chromatography. The in vitro study showed that there was negligible effect of the digestion process on muscarine content or its toxicity. Therefore, the role of muscarine in the toxicity of Inocybe virosa was studied using a bioassay wherein metameters such as hypersalivation, immobility, excessive defecation, heart rate and micturition were measured. Administration of muscarine resulted in an earlier onset of symptoms and the extract showed a slightly stronger muscarinic effect in comparison to an equivalent dose of muscarine estimated in it. Further, the biological fate of muscarine was studied by pharmacokinetics and gamma scintigraphy in New Zealand white rabbits. Significant amount of the toxin was rapidly and effectively concentrated in the thorax and head region. This study closely explains the early muscarinic response such as miosis and salivation in mice. By the end of 24 h, a relatively major proportion of muscarine administered was accumulated in the liver which stands as an explanation to the hepatotoxicity of Inocybe virosa. This is one of the rare studies that has attempted to understand the toxic potential of muscarine which has previously been explored extensively for its pharmaceutical applications.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Mice; Muscarine; Palmitates; Phenol; Phytol; Rabbits; Thorax; Toxins, Biological
PubMed: 32792538
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70196-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023During aging, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-the precursors of osteoblasts-undergo cellular senescence, losing their osteogenic potential and acquiring a...
Pro-Osteogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Synergistic Effect of Orthosilicic Acid, Vitamin K2, Curcumin, Polydatin and Quercetin Combination in Young and Senescent Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
During aging, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-the precursors of osteoblasts-undergo cellular senescence, losing their osteogenic potential and acquiring a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. These dysfunctions cause bone loss and lead to osteoporosis. Prevention and intervention at an early stage of bone loss are important, and naturally active compounds could represent a valid help in addition to diet. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the combination of two pro-osteogenic factors, namely orthosilicic acid (OA) and vitamin K2 (VK2), and three other anti-inflammatory compounds, namely curcumin (CUR), polydatin (PD) and quercetin (QCT)-that mirror the nutraceutical BlastiMin Complex (Mivell, Italy)-would be effective in promoting MSC osteogenesis, even of replicative senescent cells (sMSCs), and inhibiting their pro-inflammatory phenotype in vitro. Results showed that when used at non-cytotoxic doses, (i) the association of OA and VK2 promoted MSC differentiation into osteoblasts, even when cultured without other pro-differentiating factors; and (ii) CUR, PD and QCT exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on sMSCs, and also synergized with OA and VK2 in promoting the expression of the pivotal osteogenic marker ALP in these cells. Overall, these data suggest a potential role of using a combination of all of these natural compounds as a supplement to prevent or control the progression of age-related osteoporosis.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Quercetin; Vitamin K 2; Curcumin; Bone Marrow; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteoporosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cells, Cultured; Bone Marrow Cells
PubMed: 37240169
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108820