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Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Oct 2020Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor that originates from the hair follicle matrix. It usually presents as a hard, slow growing, solitary mass that can be easily misdiagnosed...
BACKGROUND
Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor that originates from the hair follicle matrix. It usually presents as a hard, slow growing, solitary mass that can be easily misdiagnosed as other skin masses. The aim of this study was to clinically analyze a case series of pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients from Korea.
METHODS
A total of 165 pediatric patients from 2011 to 2018 with a histological diagnosis of pilomatrixoma were included. A retrospective review was performed using the electronic medical records, including patient demographics, number and location of the mass, clinical and imaging presentation, and postoperative outcomes.
RESULTS
There were 61 male and 104 female patients with 152 solitary and 13 multiple pilomatrixomas. Among solitary pilomatrixomas, the lesion commonly occurred in the head and neck (84.2%), followed by upper limbs (11.2%), lower limbs (3.3%), and trunk (1.3%). The pilomatrixoma lesion presented as the following types based on our clinical classification: mass (56.02%), pigmentation (25.31%), mixed (12.65%), ulceration (4.82%), and keloid-like (1.2%). Ultrasonography showed a high positive predictive value (95.56%). There were no specific complications observed except for two cases of recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Pilomatrixoma has various clinical feature presentations and commonly occurs in the head and neck. Ultrasonography is a helpful diagnostic tool. Surgical removal of the lesion is the main treatment method with a low recurrence rate.
PubMed: 33143396
DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2020.00528 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2023Pediatric skin diseases may show various manifestations, occasionally affecting the patients' quality of life. Histopathological examination may be required for the...
OBJECTIVE
Pediatric skin diseases may show various manifestations, occasionally affecting the patients' quality of life. Histopathological examination may be required for the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of clinicopathological features in pediatric skin lesions.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A total of 368 biopsies of 359 consecutive patients were included. The clinicopathological findings were retrospectively evaluated. Non-neoplastic (inflammatory) lesions (ILs) (n=186) were grouped per their origin, while neoplastic/proliferative lesions (NPLs) (n=182) were grouped based on their pattern. The clinical and histopathological characteristics were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
51% were male and the median age was 10.4±4.9 years (range 0-17). ILs mainly involved the head and neck, and NPLs were mostly located in the lower extremity (p < 0.001). The most common NPLs were benign nevus (18%, n=33) and pilomatrixoma (15%, n=27), while the most frequent IL was spongiotic/psoriasiform dermatitis (38%). Skin appendage/connective tissue tumors were the largest among NPLs (p=0.02). NPLs were more frequently seen in children > 12 years old compared to ILs (p=0.03). The discordance rate between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was higher for NPLs (27% vs. 15%).
CONCLUSION
Although the spectrum of skin lesions is broad in pediatric patients, most are benign in nature. The higher frequency of melanocytic and/or cystic lesions among children > 12 years old may be attributed to increased self-care during puberty. Neoplastic/proliferative lesions of childhood seem to be less commonly recognized by clinicians, and a multidisciplinary approach remains the optimal method, considering the relatively high rate of discordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses.
Topics: Humans; Child; Male; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Female; Retrospective Studies; Quality of Life; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Biopsy
PubMed: 36779578
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.01599 -
Autopsy & Case Reports 2022Pilomatrixoma is a follicular benign tumor of unknown etiology that originates in the matrix of a hair follicle. It develops more frequently in children and young...
Pilomatrixoma is a follicular benign tumor of unknown etiology that originates in the matrix of a hair follicle. It develops more frequently in children and young adults, with a slight predominance in female patients. It is a slow-growing tumor that presents as a mobile nodule, firm, and with well-defined borders. The present study aimed to report the clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic aspects of pilomatrixoma in the cheek area of a 20-year-old female patient as the established treatment at an oral maxillofacial department. Pilomatrixoma is rarely included in the differential diagnosis of masses and nodules in the skin, and it is often confused with other nodular lesions, such as epidermoid cysts. The diagnostic method to identify this entity is an incisional biopsy. Because of its high incidence in the head and neck region, oral surgeons should be well-acquainted with this type of tumor so that it can be included as a diagnostic hypothesis of masses and nodules of the head and neck.
PubMed: 36157516
DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.387 -
Radiologia 2023Palpable tumors in children are a common reason for consulting a radiologist. The origin of these lesions varies widely, and although they are common, classic radiology...
Palpable tumors in children are a common reason for consulting a radiologist. The origin of these lesions varies widely, and although they are common, classic radiology books do not cover some of them. This series of two articles aims to review the clinical and radiological characteristics of a selection of palpable tumors in children that radiologists need to be familiar with.
Topics: Humans; Child; Fibroma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 36842785
DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.01.001 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jul 2021Pilomatrixoma is a rare benign skin tumor differentiating toward hair matrix cells usually encountered in the head and neck region. It is most frequently appearing in...
Pilomatrixoma is a rare benign skin tumor differentiating toward hair matrix cells usually encountered in the head and neck region. It is most frequently appearing in the first and second decades of life. Histopathological examination is essential to make definitive diagnosis. Herein, we present an atypical case of multiple pilomatrixomas. A 69-year-old man with multiple voluminous masses over the scalp. Among the three lesions, one was clinically suspicious for malignancy, it measured 17 cm and was ulcerated in places. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. The tumors were removed surgically with free margins. Otolaryngologist should be familiar with this benign tumor when evaluating soft-tissue mass in the head and neck region.
PubMed: 34174742
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106048 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022
Topics: Hair Diseases; Humans; Pilomatrixoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35151519
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.09.015 -
Case Reports in Dermatology 2021Pilomatrixoma is an uncommon, benign tumor with differentiation towards both the hair matrix and cells arising in the cortex, most frequently appearing in the first or...
Pilomatrixoma is an uncommon, benign tumor with differentiation towards both the hair matrix and cells arising in the cortex, most frequently appearing in the first or second decade of life. In rare instances, pilomatrixomas can show malignant transformation. Pilomatrix carcinoma is extremely uncommon and has traditionally been considered a tumor of low malignant potential; however, a high local recurrence rate has been reported. There is a paucity of literature on these lesions, with only a few reports describing the spectrum of malignant changes seen in these lesions. In this case report, we present a case of pilomatrixoma in an adult patient showing atypical features. While the tumor is small, there are focal features that suggest progression to malignancy, but do not fulfill the criteria for pilomatrix carcinoma. These focal atypical features include a focal infiltrative pattern at the periphery, with a variable cytological atypia and an increased mitotic rate, up to five mitotic events/high-power field. Irregular foci of central necrosis (comedonecrosis) were present in several lobules. Some of the features identified were similar to a subset of pilomatrixoma, known as "proliferating pilomatrixoma." However, our case did not have the diffuse changes or larger size that has been frequently reported in "proliferating pilomatrixoma." In conclusion, given the lack of focality of the changes, the lesion in our case is best described as a pilomatricoma with atypical features. Furthermore, our case may highlight the need to ensure close clinical follow-up for these lesions with unexpected atypical features that raise concern of recurrence and malignant transformation.
PubMed: 33708090
DOI: 10.1159/000511696 -
Dermatology Online Journal Aug 2020Pilomatrixoma is a benign adnexal tumor very common in pediatric age and in young adults that derives from follicular matrix cells. Although clinically it usually... (Review)
Review
Pilomatrixoma is a benign adnexal tumor very common in pediatric age and in young adults that derives from follicular matrix cells. Although clinically it usually presents as a subcutaneous nodule of bluish color less than 3cm in size, multiple clinicopathological variants have been described in the literature. Among these we can find the giant pilomatrixoma, a rare clinical variant that reaches a size greater than or equal to 4cm and can simulate the clinical presentation of a malignant neoplasm. We report a 59-year-old man with an exophytic and ulcerated nodule in the left parotid region that was removed with the suspected diagnosis of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathological analysis showed a proliferation of basaloid cells with areas of transition to ghost cells, under granulation tissue, hemorrhage, and an ulcerated epidermis. Thus, the diagnosis of giant pilomatrixoma was made. We reviewed the literature and found a total of 53 articles that report a total of 71 cases of giant pilomatrixoma. It is important to recognize this clinical subtype of pilomatrixoma because, apart from the possibility of being clinically confused with malignant lesions, the clinicopathological differential diagnosis must be made with the proliferating pilomatrixoma and pilomatrixcarcinoma.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Epidermis; Hair Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilomatrixoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32941721
DOI: No ID Found -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Jun 2020Cutaneous adnexal tumors (CAT) are rare tumors originating from the adnexal epithelial parts of the skin. Due to its clinical and histopathological characteristics...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Cutaneous adnexal tumors (CAT) are rare tumors originating from the adnexal epithelial parts of the skin. Due to its clinical and histopathological characteristics comparable with other diseases, clinicians and pathologists experience difficulties in its diagnosis.We aimed to reveal the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the retrospectively screened cases and to compare the prediagnoses and histopathological diagnoses of clinicians.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data of the last 5 years were scanned and patients with histopathological diagnosis of CAT were included in the study.
RESULTS
A total of 65 patients, including 39 female and 26 male patients aged between 8 and 88, were included in the study. The female to male ratio was 1.5, and the mean age of the patients was 46.15 ± 21.8 years. The benign tumor rate was 95.4%, whereas the malignant tumor rate was 4.6%. 38.5% of the tumors were presenting sebaceous, 35.4% of them were presenting follicular, and 18.5% of them were presenting eccrine differentiation. It was most commonly seen in the head-neck region with a rate of 66.1%. When clinical and histopathological prediagnoses were compared, prediagnoses and histopathological diagnoses were compatible in 45% of the cases. Most frequently, it was the basal cell carcinoma, epidermal cyst, and sebaceous hyperplasia identified in preliminary diagnoses.
CONCLUSION
Cutaneous adnexal tumors are very important, as they can accompany different syndromes and may be malignant. Due to difficulties in its clinical diagnosis, histopathological examination must be performed from suspicious lesions for definitive diagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Clinical Competence; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32283901
DOI: 10.3906/sag-2002-126 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022Pilomatricoma, formerly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare, benign, annexic skin tumor developed from the cells of the pilar matrix. The cure without...
Pilomatricoma, formerly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare, benign, annexic skin tumor developed from the cells of the pilar matrix. The cure without recurrence is the rule after complete surgical excision. Clinical diagnosis is challenging. Actually, differential diagnosis include malignant pilomatricoma or trichomatrical carcinoma with significant aggressive potential. However, the diagnosis of pilomatricoma must remain clinical and be confirmed histologically. We report the rare case of a pilomatricoma, in an unusual location in the thigh.
Topics: Humans; Pilomatrixoma; Thigh; Skin Neoplasms; Hair Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Carcinoma
PubMed: 36942146
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.208.34861