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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022One cold-adapted strain, named sp. XW-1, was isolated from the Yellow Sea. The strain can produce biosurfactant with petroleum as sole source of carbon at low...
One cold-adapted strain, named sp. XW-1, was isolated from the Yellow Sea. The strain can produce biosurfactant with petroleum as sole source of carbon at low temperature (4 °C). The biosurfactant was identified as glycolipid-type biosurfactant species by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It reduced the surface tension of water to 26.8 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration measurement of 60 mg/L. The produced biosurfactant possesses high surface activity at wide ranges of temperature (-18-105 °C), pH values (2-12), and salt concentrations (1-18%). The biosurfactant exhibited higher surface activity and higher growth rate of cells with hexadecane and diesel as carbon source. The strain sp. XW-1 was also effective in degrading crude oil, after 21 days of growth at 4 °C in medium with 1% crude oil and 1% (/) bacteria broth, 54% of crude oil was degraded. The results suggest that sp. XW-1 is a promising candidate for use in the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated seawater in the Yellow Sea during winter. This study reported for the first time that isolated from the Yellow Sea can produce biosurfactant using petroleum as the sole carbon source at low temperature (4 °C), showing its ecological role in the remediation of marine petroleum pollution.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon; Petroleum; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 35055609
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020782 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2020The marine environment represents a well-off and diverse group of microbes, which offers an enormous natural bioactive compounds of commercial importance. These natural... (Review)
Review
The marine environment represents a well-off and diverse group of microbes, which offers an enormous natural bioactive compounds of commercial importance. These natural products have expanded rigorous awareness due to their widespread stability and functionality under harsh environmental conditions. The genus is a halophilic bacterium known for the production of diverse secondary metabolites such as 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1, 2)-β-d-fructofuranose exhibiting stabilizing effect and methyl glucosyl-3,4-dehydro-apo-8-lycopenoate displaying antioxidant activity. The genus is reported generally for hydrocarbon degradation in comparison with biosurfactant/bioemulsifier secretion. Although was proposed in 1894, it seized long stretch (till 1970) to get accommodated under the genus authentically. Large-scale biosurfactant production from was reported in 2014 with partial characterization. For the first time in 2019, we documented genomic and functional analysis of sp. along with the physico-chemical properties of its biosurfactant. In 2020, again we screened biosurfactant for pharmacological applications. The present review discusses the comprehensive genomic insights and physical properties of -derived biosurfactant. Moreover, we also highlight the prospects and challenges in biosurfactant production from sp. Among ∼102 reports on biosurfactant produced by marine bacteria, 43 were of glycolipid and 59 were non-glycolipid type. Under other biosurfactant type, they were identified as lipopeptide (20) like surfactin (5), glycolipoprotein/lipoprotein (12), and other non-glycolipid (22). sp. generally produces glycolipid-type biosurfactant (4) and exopolysaccharides (2). The single report documented in the literature is on biosurfactant production (glycolipid +non glycolipid) by diverse marine microbes (39) suggesting their novelty and diversity for biosurfactant secretion.
PubMed: 32974318
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00996 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Two novel Gram-positive bacteria, designated strains REN8 and REN14, were isolated from pit mud in Sichuan Province, China. REN8 achieved the best growth at 37°C, a pH...
Two novel Gram-positive bacteria, designated strains REN8 and REN14, were isolated from pit mud in Sichuan Province, China. REN8 achieved the best growth at 37°C, a pH of 8.0, and a NaCl concentration of 2%, while REN14 displayed optimal growth at 37°C, a pH of 6.0, and a NaCl concentration of 1%. 16S rRNA and genomic phylogenetic analysis showed that REN8 and REN14 were clustered with the genus . The genomic DNA G + C contents of REN8 and REN14 were 46.7 and 45.1 mol%, respectively. The dDDH and ANI values were 24.5 and 80.43% between REN8 and (the most closely related type strain) and 25.1 and 82.42% between REN14 and (the most closely related type strain). Genomic analysis showed that several carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolite gene clusters existed in REN8 and REN14. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of REN8 and REN14 included major fatty acids, predominant menaquinones, and polar lipids, all of which were consistent with the genus . Based on the polyphasic taxonomic method, these two strains represent two novel species of the genus ; the name sp. nov. is proposed for the type strain REN8 (=JCM 33964 = GDMCC 1.2213), and the name sp. nov. is proposed for the type strain REN14 (=JCM 34410 = GDMCC 1.2209). The addition of REN8 and REN14 might improve the quality of by considerably increasing the amino acid nitrogen content and acidity and decreasing the bioamine content, with no significant change in alcohol content.
PubMed: 37250023
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139810 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Bacterial secondary metabolites are a valuable source of various molecules that have antibacterial and anticancer activity. In this study, ten endosymbiotic bacteria of...
Bacterial secondary metabolites are a valuable source of various molecules that have antibacterial and anticancer activity. In this study, ten endosymbiotic bacteria of aphids, aphid predators and ants were isolated. Bacterial strains were identified according to the 16S rRNA gene. Ethyl acetate fractions of methanol extract (EA-ME) were prepared from each isolated bacterium and tested for their antibacterial activities using the disk diffusion method. The EA-ME of three bacterial species, sp., , , from the pomegranate aphids , , and , respectively, exhibited elevated antibacterial activity against one or several of the five pathogenic bacteria tested. The inhibition zones ranged from 10.00 ± 0.13 to 20.00 ± 1.11 mm, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.156 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The most notable antibacterial activity was found in the EA-ME of against and , with an MIC value of 0.156 mg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of EA-ME was dependent on the cell line tested. The most significant cytotoxicity effect was observed for extracts of and , at 12.5 µg/mL, against the epithelial cells of lung carcinoma (A549), with a cell reduction of 79.4% and 67.2%, respectively. For the EA-ME of and at 12.5 µg/mL, 69.4% and 67.8% cell reduction were observed against human colon cancer (Hct116), respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of three EA-ME revealed the presence of several bioactive secondary metabolites that have been reported previously to possess antibacterial and anticancer properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the biological activities of endosymbiotic bacteria in aphids, aphid predators and ants. The promising data presented in this study may pave the way for alternative drugs to overcome the continued emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and find alternative drugs to conventional cancer therapies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aphids; Pomegranate; Plant Extracts; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37241995
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104255 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020Antarctic regions are characterized by low temperatures and strong UV radiation. This harsh environment is inhabited by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant organisms,...
Antarctic regions are characterized by low temperatures and strong UV radiation. This harsh environment is inhabited by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant organisms, which have developed several adaptive features. In this study, we analyzed two Antarctic bacterial strains, sp. ANT_H30 and sp. ANT_H53B. The physiological analysis of these strains revealed their potential to produce various biotechnologically valuable secondary metabolites, including surfactants, siderophores, and orange pigments. The genomic characterization of ANT_H30 and ANT_H53B allowed the identification of genes responsible for the production of carotenoids and the in silico reconstruction of the pigment biosynthesis pathways. The complex manual annotation of the bacterial genomes revealed the metabolic potential to degrade a wide variety of compounds, including xenobiotics and waste materials. Carotenoids produced by these bacteria were analyzed chromatographically, and we proved their activity as scavengers of free radicals. The quantity of crude carotenoid extracts produced at two temperatures using various media was also determined. This was a step toward the optimization of carotenoid production by Antarctic bacteria on a larger scale.
Topics: Carotenoids; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; Rhodococcus
PubMed: 32977394
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194357 -
Microbial Cell Factories Mar 2022The genus Planococcus is comprised of halophilic bacteria generally reported for the production of carotenoid pigments and biosurfactants. In previous work, we showed...
BACKGROUND
The genus Planococcus is comprised of halophilic bacteria generally reported for the production of carotenoid pigments and biosurfactants. In previous work, we showed that the culturing of the orange-pigmented Planococcus sp. CP5-4 isolate increased the evaporation rate of industrial wastewater brine effluent, which we attributed to the orange pigment. This demonstrated the potential application of this bacterium for industrial brine effluent management in evaporation ponds for inland desalination plants. Here we identified a C-carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for pigment biosynthesis in Planococcus sp. CP5-4 through isolation of mutants and genome sequencing. We further compare the core genes of the carotenoid biosynthetic gene clusters identified from different Planococcus species' genomes which grouped into gene cluster families containing BGCs linked to different carotenoid product chemotypes. Lastly, LC-MS analysis of saponified and unsaponified pigment extracts obtained from cultures of Planococcus sp. CP5-4, revealed the structure of the main (predominant) glucosylated C-carotenoid fatty acid ester produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4.
RESULTS
Genome sequence comparisons of isolated mutant strains of Planococcus sp. CP5-4 showed deletions of 146 Kb and 3 Kb for the non-pigmented and "yellow" mutants respectively. Eight candidate genes, likely responsible for C-carotenoid biosynthesis, were identified on the wild-type genome region corresponding to the deleted segment in the non-pigmented mutant. Six of the eight candidate genes formed a biosynthetic gene cluster. A truncation of crtP was responsible for the "yellow" mutant phenotype. Genome annotation revealed that the genes encoded 4,4'-diapolycopene oxygenase (CrtNb), 4,4'- diapolycopen-4-al dehydrogenase (CrtNc), 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (CrtN), 4,4'- diaponeurosporene oxygenase (CrtP), glycerol acyltransferase (Agpat), family 2 glucosyl transferase 2 (Gtf2), phytoene/squalene synthase (CrtM), and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase enzymes. Carotenoid analysis showed that a glucosylated C-carotenoid fatty acid ester, methyl 5-(6-C)-glucosyl-5, 6'-dihydro-apo-4, 4'-lycopenoate was the main carotenoid compound produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4.
CONCLUSION
We identified and characterized the carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster and the C-carotenoid compound produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4. Mass-spectrometry guided analysis of the saponified and unsaponified pigment extracts showed that methyl 5-glucosyl-5, 6-dihydro-apo-4, 4'-lycopenoate esterified to heptadecatrienoic acid (C). Furthermore, through phylogenetic analysis of the core carotenoid BGCs of Planococcus species we show that various C-carotenoid product chemotypes, apart from methyl 5-glucosyl-5, 6-dihydro-apo-4, 4'-lycopenoate and 5-glucosyl-4, 4-diaponeurosporen-4'-ol-4-oic acid, may be produced that could offer opportunities for a variety of applications.
Topics: Carotenoids; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; South Africa
PubMed: 35305628
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01752-1 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2021Extremophiles have attracted much attention in the last few decades, as they possess different properties by producing certain useful metabolites. However, the secondary...
BACKGROUND
Extremophiles have attracted much attention in the last few decades, as they possess different properties by producing certain useful metabolites. However, the secondary metabolism of the extremophiles of Antarctic krill has received little attention.
RESULTS
In this study, a new bacterial strain MSAK28401 from Antarctic krill was isolated and identified. The results of analysis on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics showed that the strain MSAK28401 belongs to the genus Planococcus. Cells of this strain were coccoid (0.89-1.05 μm) and aerobic. The majority of the fatty acid content was C anteiso (37.67 ± 0.90%) followed by C ω7c alcohol (10.37 ± 1.22%) and C iso (9.36 ± 0.71%). The calculated average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain MSAK28401 and type strains P. citreus DSM 20549 and P. rifietoensis M8 were lower than 91 and 70%, respectively. The strain MSAK28401 (=KCTC 43283 and MCCC 1k05448) represented a new member of the genus Planococcus and was named P. alpniumensis sp. nov. Moreover, genes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds (e.g., salicylate, gentisate, and quinate) were found in the genome, implying that strain MSAK28401 has an aromatic compound as its potential metabolite. This work will help us understand the genomic characteristics and potential metabolic pathway of Planococcus from Antarctic krill.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reported the genomic information and phenotypic characteristics of the new strain P. alpniumensis MSAK28401 isolated from Antarctic krill, and provided the genome information of Planococcus strains for further studying the function roles in aromatic compound metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Euphausiacea; Extremophiles; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; Secondary Metabolism; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34686131
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02347-3 -
PloS One 2023The exponential increase in the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has resulted in limiting surgical treatment options globally, potentially causing...
The exponential increase in the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria has resulted in limiting surgical treatment options globally, potentially causing biofilm-related complications, implant failure, and severe consequences. This study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria from post-surgical orthopaedic implant infections and screening for multiple antibiotic resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving isolation of forty-four dominant pathogenic bacterial isolates from 16 infected implant samples from across Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Out of forty-four, 38% cocci and 61% bacilli were obtained. Approximately 90% of isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.2. Eleven strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Planococcus chinensis, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The bacterial strain E. coli MB641 showed sensitivity to Polymyxin only, and was resistant to all other antibiotics used. Maximum biofilm forming ability 0.532 ± 0.06, 0.55 ± 0.01 and 0.557 ± 0.07 was observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB663, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB664 and Bacillus spp. MB647 respectively after 24 hours of incubation. EPS production of bacterial strains was assessed, the polysaccharides and protein content of EPS were found to be in the range of 11-32 μg/ml and 2-10 μg/ml, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of EPS showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkyl halides, and nucleic acids. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed crystalline structure of EPS extracted from biofilm forming bacteria. These findings suggest a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in orthopaedic implant-associated surgeries, highlighting the urgent need for ongoing monitoring and microorganism testing in infected implants.
Topics: Humans; Escherichia coli; Orthopedics; Pakistan; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cross-Sectional Studies; Virulence; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 37847701
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292956 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jun 2021Chlorpyriphos is one of the major organophosphorus pesticides used widely to control a range of insect pests across several crops. This insecticide is hazardous to the...
Chlorpyriphos is one of the major organophosphorus pesticides used widely to control a range of insect pests across several crops. This insecticide is hazardous to the environment and toxic to mammals, thus, it is essential to remove the same from the environment. Similarly, use of polythene is also increasing day by day. Therefore, it is highly important to identify ways to degrade chlorpyriphos and other pesticides from the environment. We studied the degradation of chlorpyriphos and polyethylene by Citrus mealybug () bacterial endosymbionts such as and . This investigation revealed that bacterial endosymbionts use the polythene as a source of carbon and solubilize them by their enzymatic machinery. The degradation of polyethylene by endosymbionts showed a significant reduction in weight of polyethylene sheet after 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment. The SEM images showed localized degradation of the polyethylene around the bacterial cells in the biofilm. Further, the tensile strength (percentage elongation) was significantly reduced after 45 days of incubation. The weight of paraffin wax showed significant reduction in . A significant reduction in total amount of chlorpyriphos in soil was observed at an interval of 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment by the bacterial isolates. Among the bacteria, and were found to be most effective. The results from this study show that endosymbionts can be significantly implicated in degrading chlorpyriphos and polyethylene from the environment.
PubMed: 34121858
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.058 -
Microorganisms Feb 2024Soil salinization is negatively affecting soils globally, and the spread of this problem is of great concern due to the loss of functions and benefits offered by the...
Soil salinization is negatively affecting soils globally, and the spread of this problem is of great concern due to the loss of functions and benefits offered by the soil resource. In the present study, we explored the diversity of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in the arable fraction of a sodic-saline soil without agricultural practices and two soils with agricultural practices (one sodic and one saline) near the geothermal area "Los Negritos" in Villamar, Michoacán state. This was achieved through their isolation and molecular identification, as well as the characterization of their potential for the production of metabolites and enzymes of biotechnological interest under saline conditions. Using culture-dependent techniques, 62 halotolerant and moderately halophilic strains belonging to the genera , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and were isolated. The different strains synthesized hydrolytic enzymes under 15% (/) of salts, as well as metabolites with plant-growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, such as indole acetic acid (IAA), under saline conditions. Furthermore, the production of biopolymers was detected among the strains; members of , , , and showed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, and the strain sp. LNSP3E3-1.2 produced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) under 10% (/) of total salts.
PubMed: 38543532
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030482