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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Jan 2022Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are usually defined as small, basic proteins, with a wide distribution in all orders of higher plants. Structurally,... (Review)
Review
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are usually defined as small, basic proteins, with a wide distribution in all orders of higher plants. Structurally, nsLTPs contain a conserved motif of eight cysteines, linked by four disulphide bonds, and a hydrophobic cavity in which the ligand is housed. This structure confers stability and enhances the ability to bind and transport a variety of hydrophobic molecules. Their highly conserved structural resemblance but low sequence identity reflects the wide variety of ligands they can carry, as well as the broad biological functions to which they are linked to, such as membrane stabilization, cell wall organization and signal transduction. In addition, they have also been described as essential in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant growth and development, seed development, and germination. Hence, there is growing interest in this family of proteins for their critical roles in plant development and for the many unresolved questions that need to be clarified, regarding their subcellular localization, transfer capacity, expression profile, biological function, and evolution.
Topics: Antigens, Plant; Lipids; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 34992048
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.026 -
American Journal of Botany Oct 2021Plant development and the timing of developmental events (phenology) are tightly coupled with plant fitness. A variety of internal and external factors determine the... (Review)
Review
Plant development and the timing of developmental events (phenology) are tightly coupled with plant fitness. A variety of internal and external factors determine the timing and fitness consequences of these life-history transitions. Microbes interact with plants throughout their life history and impact host phenology. This review summarizes current mechanistic and theoretical knowledge surrounding microbe-driven changes in plant phenology. Overall, there are examples of microbes impacting every phenological transition. While most studies have focused on flowering time, microbial effects remain important for host survival and fitness across all phenological phases. Microbe-mediated changes in nutrient acquisition and phytohormone signaling can release plants from stressful conditions and alter plant stress responses inducing shifts in developmental events. The frequency and direction of phenological effects appear to be partly determined by the lifestyle and the underlying nature of a plant-microbe interaction (i.e., mutualistic or pathogenic), in addition to the taxonomic group of the microbe (fungi vs. bacteria). Finally, we highlight biases, gaps in knowledge, and future directions. This biotic source of plasticity for plant adaptation will serve an important role in sustaining plant biodiversity and managing agriculture under the pressures of climate change.
Topics: Biodiversity; Climate Change; Plant Development; Plants; Seasons; Symbiosis
PubMed: 34655479
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1743 -
Cells Jan 2022Senescence is a major developmental transition in plants that requires a massive reprogramming of gene expression and includes various layers of regulations. Senescence... (Review)
Review
Senescence is a major developmental transition in plants that requires a massive reprogramming of gene expression and includes various layers of regulations. Senescence is either an age-dependent or a stress-induced process, and is under the control of complex regulatory networks that interact with each other. It has been shown that besides genetic reprogramming, which is an important aspect of plant senescence, transcription factors and higher-level mechanisms, such as epigenetic and small RNA-mediated regulators, are also key factors of senescence-related genes. Epigenetic mechanisms are an important layer of this multilevel regulatory system that change the activity of transcription factors (TFs) and play an important role in modulating the expression of senescence-related gene. They include chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the RNA-mediated control of transcription factors and genes. This review provides an overview of the known epigenetic regulation of plant senescence, which has mostly been studied in the form of leaf senescence, and it also covers what has been reported about whole-plant senescence.
Topics: Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Plant Development; Plants; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 35053367
DOI: 10.3390/cells11020251 -
The ISME Journal Apr 2021Exploitation of plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria (PGPR) as crop inoculants could propel sustainable intensification of agriculture to feed our rapidly growing... (Review)
Review
Exploitation of plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria (PGPR) as crop inoculants could propel sustainable intensification of agriculture to feed our rapidly growing population. However, field performance of PGPR is typically inconsistent due to suboptimal rhizosphere colonisation and persistence in foreign soils, promiscuous host-specificity, and in some cases, the existence of undesirable genetic regulation that has evolved to repress PGP traits. While the genetics underlying these problems remain largely unresolved, molecular mechanisms of PGP have been elucidated in rigorous detail. Engineering and subsequent transfer of PGP traits into selected efficacious rhizobacterial isolates or entire bacterial rhizosphere communities now offers a powerful strategy to generate improved PGPR that are tailored for agricultural use. Through harnessing of synthetic plant-to-bacteria signalling, attempts are currently underway to establish exclusive coupling of plant-bacteria interactions in the field, which will be crucial to optimise efficacy and establish biocontainment of engineered PGPR. This review explores the many ecological and biotechnical facets of this research.
Topics: Agriculture; Plant Development; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 33230265
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00835-4 -
The Plant Cell Aug 2022The phytohormone auxin is a master regulator of plant growth and development in response to many endogenous and environmental signals. The underlying coordination of... (Review)
Review
The phytohormone auxin is a master regulator of plant growth and development in response to many endogenous and environmental signals. The underlying coordination of growth is mediated by the formation of auxin maxima and concentration gradients. The visualization of auxin dynamics and distribution can therefore provide essential information to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which auxin orchestrates these growth and developmental processes. Several auxin reporters have been developed to better perceive the auxin distribution and signaling machinery in vivo. This review focuses on different types of auxin reporters and biosensors used to monitor auxin distribution and its dynamics, as well as auxin signaling, at the cellular and tissue levels in different plant species. We provide a brief history of each reporter and biosensor group and explain their principles and utilities.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plants; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35708654
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac179 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022Alternative splicing (AS) exists in eukaryotes to increase the complexity and adaptability of systems under biophysiological conditions by increasing transcriptional and... (Review)
Review
Alternative splicing (AS) exists in eukaryotes to increase the complexity and adaptability of systems under biophysiological conditions by increasing transcriptional and protein diversity. As a classic hormone, abscisic acid (ABA) can effectively control plant growth, improve stress resistance, and promote dormancy. At the transcriptional level, ABA helps plants respond to the outside world by regulating transcription factors through signal transduction pathways to regulate gene expression. However, at the post-transcriptional level, the mechanism by which ABA can regulate plant biological processes by mediating alternative splicing is not well understood. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces the mechanism of ABA-induced alternative splicing and the role of ABA mediating AS in plant response to the environment and its own growth.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Alternative Splicing; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Development; Plants; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 35409156
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073796 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses, and a growing number of studies suggest that miRNAs are promising targets for crop... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses, and a growing number of studies suggest that miRNAs are promising targets for crop improvement because they participate in the regulation of diverse, important agronomic traits. MicroRNA398 (miR398) is a conserved miRNA in plants and has been shown to control multiple stress responses and plant growth in a variety of species. There are many studies on the stress response and developmental regulation of miR398. To systematically understand its function, it is necessary to summarize the evolution and functional roles of miR398 and its target genes. In this review, we analyze the evolution of miR398 in plants and outline its involvement in abiotic and biotic stress responses, in growth and development and in model and non-model plants. We summarize recent functional analyses, highlighting the role of miR398 as a master regulator that coordinates growth and diverse responses to environmental factors. We also discuss the potential for fine-tuning miR398 to achieve the goal of simultaneously improving plant growth and stress tolerance.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Plants; RNA, Plant; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 36142715
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810803 -
PeerJ 2023MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As one of the first miRNAs found in plants, miR171 is a typical class of conserved miRNAs. The miR171 sequences among different species are highly similar, and the vast majority of them have both "GAGCCG" and "CAAUAU" fragments. In addition to being involved in plant growth and development, hormone signaling and stress response, miR171 also plays multiple and important roles in plants through interactions with microbe and other small-RNAs. The miRNA functions by regulating the expression of target genes. Most of miR171's target genes are in the GRAS gene family, but also include some NSP, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and other genes. This review is intended to summarize recent updates on miR171 regarding its function in plant life and hopefully provide new ideas for understanding miR171 function and regulatory mechanisms.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Signal Transduction; Plants; Phylogeny; Conserved Sequence; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 37456878
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15632 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Sep 2021MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding small RNA that cleavage mRNA targets in sequence-specific manner or the inhibition of translation, which... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding small RNA that cleavage mRNA targets in sequence-specific manner or the inhibition of translation, which regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of plant growth, metabolism and stress response. miR167 family is one of the highly conserved miRNA families in plants. It functions mainly by regulating the () and () genes, and participates in regulating the development of roots, stems, leaves and flowers, flowering time, embryonic development, seed development and stress response. Here, we reviewed the biological functions of miR167 family and its target genes in plant growth and development and stress response, and further discussed the application prospect of miR167 in agricultural production. Furthermore, this review provides references for the further study of miR167 family in plants.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Plants; RNA, Plant; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34590474
DOI: 10.52586/4974 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2023Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies... (Review)
Review
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Development; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 37308831
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6