-
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Abiotic stress is the adverse effect of any abiotic factor on a plant in a given environment, impacting plants' growth and development. These stress factors, such as... (Review)
Review
Abiotic stress is the adverse effect of any abiotic factor on a plant in a given environment, impacting plants' growth and development. These stress factors, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, are often interrelated or in conjunction with each other. Plants have evolved mechanisms to sense these environmental challenges and make adjustments to their growth in order to survive and reproduce. In this review, we summarized recent studies on plant stress sensing and its regulatory mechanism, emphasizing signal transduction and regulation at multiple levels. Then we presented several strategies to improve plant growth under stress based on current progress. Finally, we discussed the implications of research on plant response to abiotic stresses for high-yielding crops and agricultural sustainability. Studying stress signaling and regulation is critical to understand abiotic stress responses in plants to generate stress-resistant crops and improve agricultural sustainability.
Topics: Stress, Physiological; Crops, Agricultural; Plant Development; Signal Transduction; Agriculture; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37446089
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310915 -
Bioscience Reports Oct 2020Plants integrate a variety of biotic and abiotic factors for optimal growth in their given environment. While some of these responses are local, others occur distally.... (Review)
Review
Plants integrate a variety of biotic and abiotic factors for optimal growth in their given environment. While some of these responses are local, others occur distally. Hence, communication of signals perceived in one organ to a second, distal part of the plant and the coordinated developmental response require an intricate signaling system. To do so, plants developed a bipartite vascular system that mediates the uptake of water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil; transports high-energy compounds and building blocks; and traffics essential developmental and stress signals. One component of the plant vasculature is the phloem. The development of highly sensitive mass spectrometry and molecular methods in the last decades has enabled us to explore the full complexity of the phloem content. As a result, our view of the phloem has evolved from a simple transport path of photoassimilates to a major highway for pathogens, hormones and developmental signals. Understanding phloem transport is essential to comprehend the coordination of environmental inputs with plant development and, thus, ensure food security. This review discusses recent developments in its role in long-distance signaling and highlights the role of some of the signaling molecules. What emerges is an image of signaling paths that do not just involve single molecules but rather, quite frequently an interplay of several distinct molecular classes, many of which appear to be transported and acting in concert.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Phloem; Plant Development; Plants; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 32955092
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20193329 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the functional roles of plant glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) during development and stress... (Review)
Review
In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the functional roles of plant glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) during development and stress responses. Canonical GR-RBPs contain an RNA recognition motif (RRM) or a cold-shock domain (CSD) at the N-terminus and a glycine-rich domain at the C-terminus, which have been associated with several different RNA processes, such as alternative splicing, mRNA export and RNA editing. However, many aspects of GR-RBP function, the targeting of their RNAs, interacting proteins and the consequences of the RNA target process are not well understood. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field, newly defined roles for GR-RBPs and the actions of GR-RBPs on target RNA metabolism.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA-Binding Proteins; Seeds; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34072567
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115849 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants'... (Review)
Review
Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants' resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.
Topics: Endophytes; Secondary Metabolism; Plants; Plant Development; Agriculture
PubMed: 36674663
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021153 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Drought stress causes changes in the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plants. The response to drought in different plants may... (Review)
Review
Drought stress causes changes in the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plants. The response to drought in different plants may vary from avoidance, tolerance and escape to recovery from stress. This response is genetically programmed and regulated in a very complex yet synchronized manner. The crucial genetic regulations mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as game-changers in modulating the plant responses to drought and other abiotic stresses. The ncRNAs interact with their targets to form potentially subtle regulatory networks that control multiple genes to determine the overall response of plants. Many long and small drought-responsive ncRNAs have been identified and characterized in different plant varieties. The miRNA-based research is better documented, while lncRNA and transposon-derived RNAs are relatively new, and their cellular role is beginning to be understood. In this review, we have compiled the information on the categorization of non-coding RNAs based on their biogenesis and function. We also discuss the available literature on the role of long and small non-coding RNAs in mitigating drought stress in plants.
Topics: Droughts; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Plants; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Untranslated; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34830399
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212519 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022The plant hormone auxin acts as a signaling molecule to regulate numerous developmental processes throughout all stages of plant growth. Understanding how auxin... (Review)
Review
The plant hormone auxin acts as a signaling molecule to regulate numerous developmental processes throughout all stages of plant growth. Understanding how auxin regulates various physiological and developmental processes has been a hot topic and an intriguing field. Recent studies have unveiled more molecular details into how diverse auxin responses function in every aspect of plant growth and development. In this review, we systematically summarized and classified the molecular mechanisms of diverse auxin responses, and comprehensively elaborated the characteristics and multilevel regulation mechanisms of the canonical transcriptional auxin response. On this basis, we described the characteristics and differences between different auxin responses. We also presented some auxin response genes that have been genetically modified in plant species and how their changes impact various traits of interest. Finally, we summarized some important aspects and unsolved questions of auxin responses that need to be focused on or addressed in future research. This review will help to gain an overall understanding of and some insights into the diverse molecular mechanisms of auxin responses in plant growth and development that are instrumental in harnessing genetic resources in molecular breeding of extant plant species.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Development; Plants; Signal Transduction; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 36293351
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012495 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Abiotic stresses are the major environmental factors that play a significant role in decreasing plant yield and production potential by influencing physiological,... (Review)
Review
Abiotic stresses are the major environmental factors that play a significant role in decreasing plant yield and production potential by influencing physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Abiotic stresses and global population growth have prompted scientists to use beneficial strategies to ensure food security. The use of organic compounds to improve tolerance to abiotic stresses has been considered for many years. For example, the application of potential external osmotic protective compounds such as proline is one of the approaches to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plants. Proline level increases in plants in response to environmental stress. Proline accumulation is not just a signal of tension. Rather, according to research discussed in this article, this biomolecule improves plant resistance to abiotic stress by rising photosynthesis, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, regulating osmolyte concentration, and sodium and potassium homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, sensing, signaling, and transport of proline and its role in the development of various plant tissues, including seeds, floral components, and vegetative tissues. Further, the impacts of exogenous proline utilization under various non-living stresses such as drought, salinity, high and low temperatures, and heavy metals have been extensively studied. Numerous various studies have shown that exogenous proline can improve plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance under adverse environmental factors.
Topics: Droughts; Plant Development; Plants; Proline; Salinity; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 35563577
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095186 -
Communications Biology Jun 2021Species-rich plant communities can produce twice as much aboveground biomass as monocultures, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. We tested whether plant-soil...
Species-rich plant communities can produce twice as much aboveground biomass as monocultures, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. We tested whether plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) can help explain these biodiversity-productivity relationships. Using a 16-species, factorial field experiment we found that plants created soils that changed subsequent plant growth by 27% and that this effect increased over time. When incorporated into simulation models, these PSFs improved predictions of plant community growth and explained 14% of overyielding. Here we show quantitative, field-based evidence that diversity maintains productivity by suppressing plant disease. Though this effect alone was modest, it helps constrain the role of factors, such as niche partitioning, that have been difficult to quantify. This improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships has implications for agriculture, biofuel production and conservation.
Topics: Biodiversity; Feedback; Plant Development; Soil
PubMed: 34172839
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02329-1 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Feb 2022Heat stress (HS) caused by above-optimal temperatures adversely affects plants' growth and development and diminishes crop yields. In natural and agricultural... (Review)
Review
Heat stress (HS) caused by above-optimal temperatures adversely affects plants' growth and development and diminishes crop yields. In natural and agricultural environments, these stresses are often transient but recurrent and may progressively increase in severity over time. In addition to the inherent ability to cope with a single HS event, plants have evolved mechanisms that enhance their capacity to survive and reproduce under such conditions. This involves the establishment of a molecular 'thermomemory' after moderate HS that allows them to withstand a later - and possibly more extreme - HS event. Here, I summarize the current understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying thermomemory across multiple cellular levels and discuss aspects that require further attention.
Topics: Heat-Shock Response; Hot Temperature; Plant Development; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34861588
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102147 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Aug 2019Light is a crucial environmental cue not only for photosynthetic energy production but also for plant growth and development. Plants employ sophisticated methods to... (Review)
Review
Light is a crucial environmental cue not only for photosynthetic energy production but also for plant growth and development. Plants employ sophisticated methods to detect and interpret information from incoming light. Five classes of photoreceptors have been discovered in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These photoreceptors act either distinctly and/or redundantly in fine-tuning many aspects of plant life cycle. Unlike mobile animals, sessile plants have developed an enormous plasticity to adapt and survive in changing environment. By monitoring different information arising from ambient light, plants precisely regulate downstream signaling pathways to adapt accordingly. Given that changes in the light environment is typically synchronized with other environmental cues such as temperature, abiotic stresses, and seasonal changes, it is not surprising that light signaling pathways are interconnected with multiple pathways to regulate plant physiology and development. Indeed, recent advances in plant photobiology revealed a large network of co-regulation among different photoreceptor signaling pathways as well as other internal signaling pathways (e.g., hormone signaling). In addition, some photoreceptors are directly involved in perception of non-light stimuli (e.g., temperature). Therefore, understanding highly inter-connected signaling networks is essential to explore the photoreceptor functions in plants. Here, we summarize how plants co-ordinate multiple photoreceptors and their internal signaling pathways to regulate a myriad of downstream responses at molecular and physiological levels.
Topics: Photoreceptors, Plant; Plant Development; Plants; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30946988
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.007