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Nutrients Oct 2023As an important resource insect, the is widely distributed in the eastern and central parts of China. The cicada slough is one of the traditional crude drugs in East... (Review)
Review
As an important resource insect, the is widely distributed in the eastern and central parts of China. The cicada slough is one of the traditional crude drugs in East Asia, and the main component is polysaccharide, which has the functions of anti-convulsion, relieving asthma and improving lipid metabolism. The parasitoid fungus which grows inside the cicada nymphs and forms the fruiting bodies on the surface of the host's carcass, is also known as the "cicada flower" in China. The is another old, traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used as a tonic and medicine to nourish and regulate human immunity for centuries. For the further development and utilization of the golden cicada, this paper summarized the from the aspects of their biological characteristics, distribution area, life cycle, history of edible and medicinal use, edible methods and nutritional compositions; emphatically introduced the edible and potential medicinal value of the ; and specifically expounded the research progress of its application. As one popular insect food, the prospects for the development of have also been put forward, especially in artificial breeding technology, food safety risk assessment and medicinal value utilization.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Plant Breeding; Cordyceps; Hemiptera; China
PubMed: 37836550
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194266 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2021The etiology of ground glass-like inclusions is heterogenous and the pathology has been described in various conditions including HBV infection, Lafora's disease,...
OBJECTIVE
The etiology of ground glass-like inclusions is heterogenous and the pathology has been described in various conditions including HBV infection, Lafora's disease, fibrinogen storage disease, type IV glycogenosis, and alcohol reversion therapy. Similar ground glass-like inclusions are also associated with immunosuppressed conditions and multiple medications, for which the clinical significance is still unclear. Additional cases, some with previously unreported unique etiologies, and their follow-up were described in this study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eleven cases were examined between 2008 and 2019 for this study. The clinical data and histologic slides were reviewed. All of the cases were negative for Hepatitis B virus. None of the patients declared alcohol intake or a history of epilepsy.
RESULTS
Liver histology showed mild lobular inflammation in most of the cases (72%). Ground glass-like hepatocytes were distributed in the patchy-panlobular, periportal, and centrizonal pattern at 55%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. Clinical history revealed medication use in nine (82%) patients including NSAIDs, steroids, and chemotherapy. Ground glass-like inclusions were related to herbal toxicity in two of the patients. Liver function tests were elevated in all of the cases. Follow-up data revealed four patients with malignancy who died of their cancer. Seven patients showed resolution of elevated liver enzymes with a median follow-up period of 37 months (range 7-132 months).
CONCLUSIONS
Medication is the most relevant etiology for the development of these inclusions. Ground glass-like inclusions may also seen in herbal toxicity. Transplantation was not an etiologic factor in our patients. Most of the patients displayed an indolent course with resolution of the elevated transaminases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Biopsy, Needle; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Hepatocytes; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Mushroom Poisoning; Plant Preparations; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Steroids; Young Adult
PubMed: 33021734
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2020.01510 -
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Dec 2022The genus is composed of plants containing a diverse set of steroidal alkaloids. plant material has been utilized for centuries as herbal medicines, however the...
INTRODUCTION
The genus is composed of plants containing a diverse set of steroidal alkaloids. plant material has been utilized for centuries as herbal medicines, however the alkaloids have such a low therapeutic index that they are not used in modern medicine. Here we report an incident of inadvertent ingestion of by hikers in Georgia that allowed detection, and in several instances identification of alkaloids from the plant, and correlated their presence within patient blood and breast milk specimens.
CASE HISTORY
Eight patients, three male and five female, presented in the spring of 2020 and 2021 with symptoms requiring emergent medical attention after ingestion of All patients believed the plants to be a local native species of wild leek, , locally known as ramps. Plants were identified using photographs as well as fresh and cooked plant material provided by patients, in consultation with botanists at the University of Georgia Herbarium. Written consent was obtained from all patients for collection of blood and breast milk specimens for laboratory identification of alkaloids.
METHODS
plant material, and patient serum and breast milk were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF) to identify steroidal alkaloids.
RESULTS
The extract was confirmed to contain cyclopamine, veratramine, jervine, and muldamine. Two out of the eight patients had detectable concentrations of alkaloids. Of the alkaloids identified in the plant, cyclopamine and jervine were detected within patient serum, and cyclopamine and veratramine were observed to be present in breast milk.
DISCUSSION
Toxicity resulting from steroidal alkaloids has primarily been reported from and . This is the second report of poisoning. The present work reports for the first time the presence of muldamine and jervine within . This work provides the first instance of identification of alkaloids in breast milk. Thus, the findings presented herein add to literature record causative agents contributing to the toxicity of when ingested and potential for secondary poisoning through breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION
toxicity was observed to cause nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, abdominal pain, light-headedness, blurred vision, and tingling in the arms. Patients experiencing mild symptoms improved with supportive care, IV fluids, and antiemetics, but hemodynamically unstable patients required atropine and vasopressors. This study demonstrated that more lipophilic alkaloids can be passed along in breast milk, which suggests additional precautions may be critical to limit further poisonings.
Topics: Female; Humans; Veratrum; Milk, Human; Veratrum Alkaloids; Alkaloids; Plant Poisoning
PubMed: 36301078
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2132166 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Nutmeg is a traditional spice and medicinal plant with a variety of pharmacological activities. However, nutmeg abuse due to its hallucinogenic characteristics and...
Nutmeg is a traditional spice and medicinal plant with a variety of pharmacological activities. However, nutmeg abuse due to its hallucinogenic characteristics and poisoning cases are frequently reported. Our previous metabolomics study proved the hepatotoxicity of nutmeg and demonstrated that high-dose nutmeg can affect the synthesis and secretion of bile acids and cause oxidative stress. In order to further investigate the hepatotoxicity of nutmeg, normal saline, 1 g/kg, 4 g/kg nutmeg were administrated to male Kunming mice by intragastrical gavage for 7 days. Histopathological investigation of liver tissue, proteomics and biochemical analysis were employed to explore the mechanism of liver damage caused by nutmeg. The results showed that a high-dose (4 g/kg) of nutmeg can cause significant increased level of CYP450s and depletion of antioxidants, resulting in obvious oxidative stress damage and lipid metabolism disorders; but this change was not observed in low-dose group (1 g/kg). In addition, the increased level of malondialdehyde and decreased level of glutathione peroxidase were found after nutmeg exposure. Therefore, the present study reasonably speculates that nutmeg exposure may lead to liver injury through oxidative stress and the degree of this damage is related to the exposure dose.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Glutathione Peroxidase; Male; Mice; Myristica; Oxidative Stress; Proteomics; Seeds
PubMed: 33804713
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061748 -
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and... 2022Plant toxins have well been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Certain plant toxins are endemic to a particular country and region....
Plant toxins have well been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Certain plant toxins are endemic to a particular country and region. Knowledge of the regional plant toxins will be useful to give travel advisory measures for the public and patients with chronic kidney disease. We report a case of poisoning with tutu berry, endemic to New Zealand causing AKI.
Topics: Humans; Fruit; Acute Kidney Injury
PubMed: 36647991
DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.367811 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... May 2023Anisodamine is an anticholinergic drug extracted and isolated from the Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher of the Solanaceae family which is also a muscarinic receptor... (Review)
Review
Anisodamine is an anticholinergic drug extracted and isolated from the Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher of the Solanaceae family which is also a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Owing to the lack of natural sources of anisodamine, synthetic products are now used. Using ornithine and arginine as precursor compounds, putrescine is catalyzed by different enzymes and then undergoes a series of reactions to produce anisodamine. It has been used clinically to protect cardiac function and treat septic shock, acute pancreatitis, calculous renal colic, bronchial asthma, blood circulation disturbances, jaundice, analgesia, vertigo, acute poisoning, and other conditions.This review describes the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. Anisodamine is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and it is not as effective as intravenous administration. For clinical medication, intravenous infusion should be used rather than rapid intravenous injection. With the advancement of research in recent years, the application scope of anisodamine has expanded, with significant developments and application values surging.This review systematically describes the sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and clinical application of anisodamine, in order to provide a basis for clinical use.
Topics: Humans; Acute Disease; Pancreatitis; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Cholinergic Antagonists
PubMed: 37002581
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114522 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Innovative application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for rapid and nondestructive analyses has been gaining increasing attention for food safety and... (Review)
Review
Innovative application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for rapid and nondestructive analyses has been gaining increasing attention for food safety and quality. SERS is based on inelastic scattering enhancement from molecules located near nanostructured metallic surfaces and has many advantages, including ultrasensitive detection and simple protocols. Current SERS-based quality analysis contains composition and structural information that can be used to establish an electronic file of the food samples for subsequent reference and traceability. SERS is a promising technique for the detection of chemical, biological, and harmful metal contaminants, as well as for food poisoning, and allergen identification using label-free or label-based methods, based on metals and semiconductors as substrates. Recognition elements, including immunosensors, aptasensors, or molecularly imprinted polymers, can be linked to SERS tags to specifically identify targeted contaminants and perform authenticity analysis. Herein, we highlight recent studies on SERS-based quality and safety analysis for different foods categories spanning the whole food chain, 'from farm to table' and processing, genetically modified food, and novel foods. Moreover, SERS detection is a potential tool that ensures food safety in an easy, rapid, reliable, and nondestructive manner during the COVID-19 pandemic.
PubMed: 35885344
DOI: 10.3390/foods11142097 -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... Apr 2021Plant poisoning is one of the common methods of deliberate self-poisoning (DSP). Exposure to plants and its consequence account for a considerable number of deaths in...
BACKGROUND
Plant poisoning is one of the common methods of deliberate self-poisoning (DSP). Exposure to plants and its consequence account for a considerable number of deaths in rural India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective observational study was conducted in the emergency department of a large tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of 2 years and recruited patients who presented with DSP from plant poisoning.
RESULTS
During the study period, 150 cases of plant poisoning were included. The mean (standard deviation) age of presentation was 31.4 (12.2) years. The most common type of plant poison consumed was oleander (63%) followed by oduvanthalai (50%), (3%), datura (3%), and others, which comprised about 5.3% included henna (1.3%), cactus (1.3%), and a case each of castor, and . Patients in age-group 16-30 years had the highest rate of ingestion. The seasonal pattern was found to peak in the month of April. Gastric lavage was done in 102/150:68%. Consumption of decoction [odds ratio (OR): 5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.27-14.00, value: <0.001] and metabolic acidosis (pH <7.35) (OR: 11.48, 95% CI: 4.17-31.57, value: <0.001) were more common in oduvanthalai poisoning as compared to oleander. The mortality among plant poisoning was 9.3% (14/150).
CONCLUSION
Our study sheds light on the spectrum of local plants consumed for DSP. Oleander and oduvanthalai were most commonly used for DSP. Consuming a decoction of leaves leading to severe metabolic acidosis at presentation is seen associated with oduvanthalai poisoning.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Abhilash KPP, Murugan S, Rabbi AS, Pradeeptha S, Pradeep R, Gunasekaran K. Deliberate Self-poisoning due to Plant Toxins: Verdant Footprints of the Past into the Present. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(4):392-397.
PubMed: 34045805
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23784 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Heavy metals (HMs) are natural elements present in the Earth's crust, characterised by a high atomic mass and a density more than five times higher than water. Despite... (Review)
Review
Heavy metals (HMs) are natural elements present in the Earth's crust, characterised by a high atomic mass and a density more than five times higher than water. Despite their origin from natural sources, extensive usage and processing of raw materials and their presence as silent poisons in our daily products and diets have drastically altered their biochemical balance, making them a threat to the environment and human health. Particularly, the food chain polluted with toxic metals represents a crucial route of human exposure. Therefore, the impact of HMs on human health has become a matter of concern because of the severe chronic effects induced by their excessive levels in the human body. Chelation therapy is an approved valid treatment for HM poisoning; however, despite the efficacy demonstrated by chelating agents, various dramatic side effects may occur. Numerous data demonstrate that dietary components and phytoantioxidants play a significant role in preventing or reducing the damage induced by HMs. This review summarises the role of various phytochemicals, plant and herbal extracts or probiotics in promoting human health by mitigating the toxic effects of different HMs.
PubMed: 38611284
DOI: 10.3390/foods13070978 -
Veterinary Record Open 2020There is extensive literature on animal poisoning from plants and mushrooms worldwide; however, there is limited account of poisoning from South Africa.
BACKGROUND
There is extensive literature on animal poisoning from plants and mushrooms worldwide; however, there is limited account of poisoning from South Africa.
METHODS
This study sought to describe and provide an overview of animal poison exposures in South Africa. Poisoning episodes reported to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape, jointly run by the Poisons Information Centres at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital over a period of approximately 2.5 years, from June 2015 to November 2017, were analysed to identify exposure patterns, severity and clinical outcomes.
RESULTS
Alien plant species accounted for most cases (n=10) of reported poison exposures. Among the 26 recorded animal poisoning episodes, the dog was the most commonly implicated species (n=24), whereas just two enquiries were related to other animals (one rabbit and one cow). There were 20 plant cases and 6 mushroom cases (all dogs). There was only one fatal case involving cycad in a dog.
CONCLUSION
Features of animal poisoning in South Africa were similar to those in other countries. The reported cases of animals exposed to poisonous plants and mushrooms could represent only a fraction of the actual exposures. Since most reported cases involved taxa that could not be identified to species level, more attention should be paid in case reporting and in animal poisoning prevention, engaging the public to enable people to recognise potentially hazardous plants and reduce the risk of poisoning in animals.
PubMed: 33262890
DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000402