-
Plant Science : An International... Dec 2023NAC family gene - SNAC1 (Stress-responsive NAC1) is responsive to drought, salt, cold stress, and ABA. It acts as a regulator in mediating tolerance to abiotic stress... (Review)
Review
NAC family gene - SNAC1 (Stress-responsive NAC1) is responsive to drought, salt, cold stress, and ABA. It acts as a regulator in mediating tolerance to abiotic stress through different pathways. Abiotic stress, among them drought and salinity, are adverse factors for plant growth and crop productivity. SNAC1 was an object of high interest according to the effect of improved drought and salt tolerance when overexpressed in different plant species such as rice, wheat, barley, cotton, maize, banana, or oat. SNAC1 functions by regulating the expression of genes that contain the NAC Recognized Sequence (NACRS) within their promoter region. This gene is induced by drought, specifically in guard cells. Its downstream targets have been identified. The role of SNAC1 in molecular and physiological responses during abiotic stress has been proposed, but this knowledge still needs to be expanded. Here, we describe recent advances in understanding the action of SNAC1 in adapting plants to abiotic stress.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Stress, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Droughts; Salt Tolerance; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37813193
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111894 -
Genes Sep 2020is a gene involved in multiple biological functions, which have been analysed and are partially conserved in a series of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The... (Review)
Review
is a gene involved in multiple biological functions, which have been analysed and are partially conserved in a series of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The identified biological functions include control over the circadian rhythm, light signalling, cold tolerance, hormone signalling and photoperiodic flowering. The latter function is a central role of , as it involves a multitude of pathways, both dependent and independent of the gene , as well as on the basis of interaction with miRNA. The complexity of the gene function of increases due to the existence of paralogs showing changes in genome structure as well as incidences of sub- and neofunctionalization. We present an updated report of the biological function of , integrating late insights into its role in floral initiation, flower development and volatile flower production.
Topics: Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Phenotype; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 32998354
DOI: 10.3390/genes11101142 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Plants have evolved a number of different ways to deal with different types of abiotic stresses; at the molecular level, dehydration can cause multiple forms of damage...
Plants have evolved a number of different ways to deal with different types of abiotic stresses; at the molecular level, dehydration can cause multiple forms of damage to different biomolecules [...].
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Dehydration; Stress, Physiological; Plants; Embryonic Development
PubMed: 36291589
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101380 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Dec 2023Phytohormones play a central role in plant development and environmental responses. Auxin is a classical hormone that is required for organ formation, tissue patterning,... (Review)
Review
Phytohormones play a central role in plant development and environmental responses. Auxin is a classical hormone that is required for organ formation, tissue patterning, and defense responses. Auxin pathways have been extensively studied across numerous land plant lineages, including bryophytes and eudicots. In contrast, our understanding of the roles of auxin in maize morphogenesis and immune responses is limited. Here, we review evidence for auxin-mediated processes in maize and describe promising areas for future research in the auxin field. Several recent transcriptomic and genetic studies have demonstrated that auxin is a key influencer of both vegetative and reproductive development in maize (namely roots, leaves, and kernels). Auxin signaling has been implicated in both maize shoot architecture and immune responses through genetic and molecular analyses of the conserved co-repressor RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2. Polar auxin transport is linked to maize drought responses, root growth, shoot formation, and leaf morphogenesis. Notably, maize has been a key system for delineating auxin biosynthetic pathways and offers many opportunities for future investigations on auxin metabolism. In addition, crosstalk between auxin and other phytohormones has been uncovered through gene expression studies and is important for leaf and root development in maize. Collectively these studies point to auxin as a cornerstone for maize biology that could be leveraged for improved crop resilience and yield.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Growth Regulators; Zea mays; Plant Proteins; Biology; Plant Roots; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37493143
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad297 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2023Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and in plants,... (Review)
Review
Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and in plants, mammals and bacteria, some TIRs have enzymatic functions that are crucial for disease resistance and/or cell death. Many plant TIR-only proteins and pathogen effector-activated TIR-domain NLR receptors are NAD hydrolysing enzymes. Biochemical, structural and functional studies established that for both plant TIR-protein types, and certain bacterial TIRs, NADase activity generates bioactive signalling intermediates which promote resistance. A set of plant TIR-catalysed nucleotide isomers was discovered which bind to and activate EDS1 complexes, promoting their interactions with co-functioning helper NLRs. Analysis of TIR enzymes across kingdoms fills an important gap in understanding how pathogen disturbance induces TIR-regulated immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Interleukin-1; Plant Proteins; Plant Immunity; Plants; Disease Resistance; Bacteria; Plant Diseases; Arabidopsis Proteins; Mammals
PubMed: 37150050
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102373 -
Trends in Plant Science Sep 2023The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational... (Review)
Review
The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational regulations of its core components have garnered considerable attention. To date, several proteins that regulate these core components, either positively or negatively at the protein and transcript levels, have been identified. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the functional regulation of the core proteins of the SOS pathway and an expanding spectrum of their upstream effectors in plants. Furthermore, we also discuss how these novel regulators act as key signaling nodes of multilayer control of plant development and stress adaptation through modulation of the SOS core proteins at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
Topics: Salt Tolerance; Arabidopsis Proteins; Plant Proteins; Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37117077
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022The function of the root system is crucial for plant survival, such as anchoring plants, absorbing nutrients and water from the soil, and adapting to stress. MYB... (Review)
Review
The function of the root system is crucial for plant survival, such as anchoring plants, absorbing nutrients and water from the soil, and adapting to stress. MYB transcription factors constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plant genomes with structural and functional diversifications. Members of this superfamily in plant development and cell differentiation, specialized metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stress processes are widely recognized, but their roles in plant roots are still not well characterized. Recent advances in functional studies remind us that genes may have potentially key roles in roots. In this review, the current knowledge about the functions of genes in roots was summarized, including promoting cell differentiation, regulating cell division through cell cycle, response to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salt stress, nutrient stress, light, gravity, and fungi), and mediate phytohormone signals. genes from the same subfamily tend to regulate similar biological processes in roots in redundant but precise ways. Given their increasing known functions and wide expression profiles in roots, genes are proposed as key components of the gene regulatory networks associated with distinct biological processes in roots. Further functional studies of genes will provide an important basis for root regulatory mechanisms, enabling a more inclusive green revolution and sustainable agriculture to face the constant changes in climate and environmental conditions.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, myb; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 36012533
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169262 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Cold stress limits plant geographical distribution and influences plant growth, development, and yields. Plants as sessile organisms have evolved complex biochemical and... (Review)
Review
Cold stress limits plant geographical distribution and influences plant growth, development, and yields. Plants as sessile organisms have evolved complex biochemical and physiological mechanisms to adapt to cold stress. These mechanisms are regulated by a series of transcription factors and proteins for efficient cold stress acclimation. It has been established that the signaling pathway in plants regulates how plants acclimatize to cold stress. Cold stress is perceived by receptor proteins, triggering signal transduction, and () genes are activated and regulated, consequently upregulating the transcription and expression of the () genes. The protein binds to the (), a homeopathic element of the genes ( gene) promoter, activating their transcription. Transcriptional regulations and post-translational modifications regulate and modify these entities at different response levels by altering their expression or activities in the signaling cascade. These activities then lead to efficient cold stress tolerance. This paper contains a concise summary of the pathway elucidating on the cross interconnections with other repressors, inhibitors, and activators to induce cold stress acclimation in plants.
Topics: Cold-Shock Response; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Signal Transduction; Trans-Activators; Transcriptional Activation
PubMed: 35163471
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031549 -
Plant Communications Jan 2020Membrane transport processes are indispensable for many aspects of plant physiology including mineral nutrition, solute storage, cell metabolism, cell signaling,... (Review)
Review
Membrane transport processes are indispensable for many aspects of plant physiology including mineral nutrition, solute storage, cell metabolism, cell signaling, osmoregulation, cell growth, and stress responses. Completion of genome sequencing in diverse plant species and the development of multiple genomic tools have marked a new era in understanding plant membrane transport at the mechanistic level. Genes coding for a galaxy of pumps, channels, and carriers that facilitate various membrane transport processes have been identified while multiple approaches are developed to dissect the physiological roles as well as to define the transport capacities of these transport systems. Furthermore, signaling networks dictating the membrane transport processes are established to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review recent research progress in the discovery and characterization of the components in plant membrane transport that take advantage of plant genomic resources and other experimental tools. We also provide our perspectives for future studies in the field.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Genome, Plant; Genomics; Multigene Family; Plant Proteins; Plants; Reverse Genetics; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33404541
DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100013 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2020Lateral organ boundaries (LOB) domain () genes, a gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in plant growth and development. At... (Review)
Review
Lateral organ boundaries (LOB) domain () genes, a gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in plant growth and development. At present, though there have been a number of genome-wide analyses on gene families and functional studies on individual LBD proteins, the diverse functions of LBD family members still confuse researchers and an effective strategy is required to summarize their functional diversity. To further integrate and improve our understanding of the phylogenetic classification, functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of LBD proteins, we review and discuss the functional characteristics of LBD proteins according to their classifications under a phylogenetic framework. It is proved that this strategy is effective in the anatomy of diverse functions of LBD family members. Additionally, by phylogenetic analysis, one monocot-specific and one eudicot-specific subclade of LBD proteins were found and their biological significance in monocot and eudicot development were also discussed separately. The review will help us better understand the functional diversity of LBD proteins and facilitate further studies on this plant-specific transcription factor family.
Topics: Conserved Sequence; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Protein Domains; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 32224847
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072278