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The Plant Cell Apr 2022Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors,... (Review)
Review
Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are primarily viral. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in broadening our understanding of plant-virus-vector interactions, yet on the molecular level, viruses and vectors have typically been studied in isolation of each other until recently. From that work, it is clear that both hemipteran vectors and viruses use effectors to manipulate host physiology and successfully colonize a plant and that co-evolutionary dynamics have resulted in effective host immune responses, as well as diverse mechanisms of counterattack by both challengers. In this review, we focus on advances in effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions and the underlying mechanisms. We propose that molecular synergisms in vector-virus interactions occur in cases where both the virus and vector benefit from the interaction (mutualism). To support this view, we show that mutualisms are common in virus-vector interactions and that virus and vector effectors target conserved mechanisms of plant immunity, including plant transcription factors, and plant protein degradation pathways. Finally, we outline ways to identify true effector synergisms in the future and propose future research directions concerning the roles effectors play in plant-virus-vector interactions.
Topics: Animals; Aphids; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Insect Vectors; Plant Diseases; Plant Immunity; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 35277714
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac058 -
Molecular Plant Nov 2021Genome editing provides novel strategies for improving plant traits but mostly relies on conventional plant genetic transformation and regeneration procedures, which can...
Genome editing provides novel strategies for improving plant traits but mostly relies on conventional plant genetic transformation and regeneration procedures, which can be inefficient. In this study, we have engineered a Barley stripe mosaic virus-based sgRNA delivery vector (BSMV-sg) that is effective in performing heritable genome editing in Cas9-transgenic wheat plants. Mutated progenies were present in the next generation at frequencies ranging from 12.9% to 100% in three different wheat varieties, and 53.8%-100% of mutants were virus free. We also achieved multiplex mutagenesis in progeny using a pool of BSMV-sg vectors harboring different sgRNAs. Furthermore, we devised a virus-induced transgene-free editing procedure to generate Cas9-free wheat mutants by crossing BSMV-infected Cas9-transgenic wheat pollen with wild-type wheat. Our study provides a robust, convenient, and tissue culture-free approach for genome editing in wheat through virus infection.
Topics: CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; Gene Editing; Genome, Plant; Inheritance Patterns; Plant Viruses; Plants, Genetically Modified; Triticum
PubMed: 34274523
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.010 -
Viruses Mar 2020We recently completed the Special Issue on 'Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control'. As editors, we decided not to offer vouchers to scientists that submit to this issue....
We recently completed the Special Issue on 'Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control'. As editors, we decided not to offer vouchers to scientists that submit to this issue. This action had an effect on the number of papers received and accepted. We received a total of 19 papers and we accepted four [...].
Topics: Epidemiology; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 32178441
DOI: 10.3390/v12030309 -
Viruses Jan 2021We are pleased to present in this Special Issue a series of reviews and research studies on the topic of "" [...].
We are pleased to present in this Special Issue a series of reviews and research studies on the topic of "" [...].
Topics: Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 33401517
DOI: 10.3390/v13010055 -
Viruses Jun 2023The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in...
The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in Australasia during the final year of the official COVID-19 pandemic [...].
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Australasia; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 37376611
DOI: 10.3390/v15061311 -
Viruses Jul 2019I thank all the teams of authors, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who...
I thank all the teams of authors, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who put this special issue together [...].
Topics: Biodiversity; Ecology; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 31344791
DOI: 10.3390/v11080676 -
FEBS Letters Sep 2022Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that delivers dysfunctional cellular organelles or other cytosol components to degradative vesicular structures (vacuoles in... (Review)
Review
Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that delivers dysfunctional cellular organelles or other cytosol components to degradative vesicular structures (vacuoles in plants and yeasts, lysosomes in mammals) for degradation and recycling. Viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack their host to live. Research on regulation of the trade-off between plant cells and viruses has indicated that autophagy is an integral part of the host response to virus infection. Meanwhile, plants have evolved a diverse array of defense responses to counter pathogenic viruses. In this review, we focus on the roles of autophagy in plant virus infection and offer a glimpse of recent advances about how plant viruses evade autophagy or manipulate host autophagy pathways to complete their replication cycle.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Lysosomes; Mammals; Plant Viruses; Plants; Vacuoles; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 35404481
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14349 -
Viruses May 2021Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented... (Review)
Review
Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order . This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (), tenuiviruses (), and emaraviruses (), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.
Topics: Bunyaviridae; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants; RNA Viruses
PubMed: 34066457
DOI: 10.3390/v13050842 -
Molecular Plant Pathology Nov 2019Plant virus genome replication and movement is dependent on host resources and factors. However, plants respond to virus infection through several mechanisms, such as... (Review)
Review
Plant virus genome replication and movement is dependent on host resources and factors. However, plants respond to virus infection through several mechanisms, such as autophagy, ubiquitination, mRNA decay and gene silencing, that target viral components. Viral factors work in synchrony with pro-viral host factors during the infection cycle and are targeted by antiviral responses. Accordingly, establishment of virus infection is genetically determined by the availability of the pro-viral factors necessary for genome replication and movement, and by the balance between plant defence and viral suppression of defence responses. Sequential requirement of pro-viral factors and the antagonistic activity of antiviral factors suggest a two-step model to explain plant-virus interactions. At each step of the infection process, host factors with antiviral activity have been identified. Here we review our current understanding of host factors with antiviral activity against plant viruses.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Genes, Plant; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Plant Proteins; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 31286679
DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12851 -
Viruses Apr 2022As rivals over the long history of co-evolution, viruses and host plants have each developed specialized strategies and machineries to cope with the rivalry [...].
As rivals over the long history of co-evolution, viruses and host plants have each developed specialized strategies and machineries to cope with the rivalry [...].
Topics: DNA Viruses; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants; Viruses, Unclassified
PubMed: 35632605
DOI: 10.3390/v14050864