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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2022The current study evaluated the effects of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins from chestnut and quebracho wood, respectively (TSP, Silvafeed), on zebrafish with...
The current study evaluated the effects of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins from chestnut and quebracho wood, respectively (TSP, Silvafeed), on zebrafish with intestinal inflammation induced by a plant-based diet (basal diet). Four experimental diets were prepared as follows: the basal diet + 0 TSP, the basal diet + TSP at 0.9 g/kg of feed, the basal diet + TSP at 1.7 g/kg of feed, and the basal diet + TSP at 3.4 g/kg of feed. Eighty-four zebrafish () were fed for 12 days with the experimental diets. In zebrafish fed the basal diet, intestine integrity appeared to be altered, with damaged intestinal villi, high immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and high expression of the , interleukin 1 ), interleukin 8 (), and genes. The tannin treatment partially restored intestinal morphology and downregulated the expression of cytokines. The best activity was detected with 1.7 and 3.4 g/kg of feed. In the guts of all groups, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the most represented phyla. The most represented genera were and , belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum; , belonging to the Fusobacteria phylum; and , belonging to the Firmicutes phylum. No significant differences were detected among groups, except for a slight decrease in the Fusobacteria phylum and slight increases in the and genera with TSP. In conclusion, these results suggest that tannins can improve the zebrafish intestinal inflammation caused by a terrestrial-plant-based diet in a dose-dependent manner.
PubMed: 36611775
DOI: 10.3390/ani13010167 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022are gram-negative, thermotolerant, motile, and pleomorphic microorganisms that are only distantly related to those of the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families....
are gram-negative, thermotolerant, motile, and pleomorphic microorganisms that are only distantly related to those of the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families. One of the most common sources of contamination is human stool, but it may also be found in a wide range of other animals, plants, and aquatic habitats. Antimicrobial resistance in from seawater and shellfish was investigated, and pathogenicity involved genes were characterized as part of this study. Out of 384 samples of shellfish, 5.7% included . The presence of was also discovered in 5% of the seawater sampled. The antimicrobial resistance of 23 isolates derived from those samples was investigated. All isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, carbenicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin in the study. Several strains isolated from diseased shellfish were tested for virulence in shellfish by intraperitoneal injections. The LD values ranged from 12 × 10 to 3 × 10 cfu/shellfish. When looking for possible virulence factors that may play a significant role in bacterial infection in the current study, we found that all of these genes were present in these strains. These include genes such as elastase, lipase, flagellin, enterotoxin, and DNases. According to these findings, shellfish may serve as a reservoir for multi-resistant and help spread virulence genes across the environment.
PubMed: 35052962
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010085 -
Aquaculture Nutrition 2023Citric acid is an organic acid extensively used in feed industry, and AZOMITE is a hydrated aluminosilicate compound rich in rare earth elements and trace mineral...
Citric acid is an organic acid extensively used in feed industry, and AZOMITE is a hydrated aluminosilicate compound rich in rare earth elements and trace mineral elements. This study investigated the supplemental effects of AZOMITE and citric acid individual or in combination on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, digestive enzyme activity, serum indexes, and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass. Six diets were designed, including the control diet (CON) and the five additive-supplemented diets with the addition of 4 or 8 g/kg citric acid (CA4, CA8), 3 g/kg AZOMITE (A3), and their combined addition as 4 g/kg citric acid + 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE) (C4A1.5) and 8 g/kg citric acid + 3 g/kg AZOMITE (C8A3). Juvenile largemouth bass with initial body weight of 22.01 ± 0.09 g were fed the six diets for 56 days. The results revealed that the combined addition of 4 g/kg citric acid and 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE (C4A1.5) increased weight gain by 7.99% ( < 0.05), and decreased feed conversion ratio by 0.07 ( < 0.05). The protein retention in the C4A1.5 group and the lipid retention in all additive-supplemented groups were significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). In serum, all additive-supplemented groups showed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase activity than the control group ( < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the CA8, A3, C4A1.5, and C8A3 groups were significantly higher ( < 0.05), while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly lower than those in the control group ( < 0.05). Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity in the A3 and C4A1.5 groups, and lysozyme activity in the A3, C4A1.5, and C8A3 groups were significantly increased when compared to the control group ( < 0.05). In digestive enzyme, the protease activity in the A3, C4A1.5 groups, and amylase activity in the CA4, CA8, and C4A1.5 groups were significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). In intestinal microbiota, abundance was elevated in all additive groups, while the and abundance were decreased. In the intestinal histology, the CA8, A3, and C4A1.5 groups showed significantly higher villus height than the control group ( < 0.05). After the infection with , the cumulative mortality of all additive-supplemented groups was significantly lower ( < 0.05), and the C4A1.5 group demonstrated the lowest mortality. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 4 g/kg citric acid + 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE increased the growth, antioxidant, immune capacity, improved the intestinal morphology and microbial flora of juvenile largemouth bass, and promoted the resistance against infection.
PubMed: 37881475
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5022456 -
ACS Omega Jan 2022A newer ciprofloxacin series containing 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of ciprofloxacin was designed, synthesized, and well characterized using modern analytical techniques...
A newer ciprofloxacin series containing 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of ciprofloxacin was designed, synthesized, and well characterized using modern analytical techniques by reacting diversified anilines with ciprofloxacin obtained from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The newer conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various strains, viz. (ATCC25923), (clinical isolate), (ATCC3594), (ATCC25922), (ATCC27853), (clinical isolate), (clinical isolate), (ATCC19606), (ATCC7966), (ATCC14029), and (MTCC6362) . Interestingly, some of the conjugates showed superior antimicrobial activity as compared to the control drug ciprofloxacin. The three compounds , , and showed strong activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.78 μM, while the compound showed MIC 1.56 μM against (clinical). The compound showed good efficacy against (ATCC25923) and (clinical) with MIC 3.12 μM, while the compound exhibited efficacy with MIC 3.12 μM against (ATCC25923) and the control drug ciprofloxacin showed MIC 6.25 μM. Among all of the synthesized compounds, , , , , , , , and displayed less than 20% hemolysis, while the rest of the compounds showed hemolysis in the range of 21-48%. Moreover, the structure of compound was also established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
PubMed: 35097270
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05303 -
European Journal of Medical Research Sep 2023Gallstone disease is a prevalent biliary disease worldwide, and bacteria play vital roles in the disease development and progression, as well as the prognosis after...
Gallstone disease is a prevalent biliary disease worldwide, and bacteria play vital roles in the disease development and progression, as well as the prognosis after endoscopic surgery. However, there have been limited studies to explore the key taxa involved. In this study, bile samples from healthy controls (HCs, liver donors without hepatobiliary disease) and three diseased groups, namely patients with gallbladder stones (GBS), patients with common bile duct stones (CBDS), and patients with stricture in the common bile duct (SCBD), were collected and analyzed. Bacterial community characterization based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that bacterial diversities did not change significantly alongside gallstone disease development and progression. The predominant phyla in each group were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota, representing over 80% in abundance of the biliary bacteria community. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased greatly while that of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota increased greatly in the diseased groups when compared to that in HCs. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis identified several genera highly represented in the diseased groups. Among them, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Pseudomonas and Veillonella are persistent in both the HCs group and the diseased groups, indicating an enrichment of local bile bacteria in the diseased bile; while Lachnoanerobaculum, Atopobium, Oribacterium, and Stomatobaculum, those aligned to oral cavity taxa, are persistent in the diseased groups but are transient in the HCs group, and their abundances sequentially increased with the disease development and progression (HCs→GBS→CBDS→SCBD), implying a translocation and colonization of the oral cavity bacteria in the diseased bile. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that bacterial infection (e.g., Photobacterium and Plesiomonas) from the intestine was developed during endoscopic surgery with reduced bile bacteria diversity. The results of this study revealed that the bile bacterial community is relatively stable and dominated by a few persistent taxa. Moreover, we hypothesized that translocation and colonization of specific bacteria from the oral cavity happens alongside gallstone disease development and progression, and bacterial infection from the intestinal tract results in poor outcomes after endoscopic surgery.
Topics: Humans; Gallstones; Bile; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Constriction, Pathologic; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37660138
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01308-y -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jul 2022Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain zfcc0051, an isolate derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio) feces. The genome consists of 115...
Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain zfcc0051, an isolate derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio) feces. The genome consists of 115 contigs (>500 bp) and has a total assembly length of 4,041,537 bases.
PubMed: 35639031
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00074-22 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022With strong demand for aquatic products, as well as a rapid decrease in global fishery resources and capture fisheries, domesticating animals to provide more...
With strong demand for aquatic products, as well as a rapid decrease in global fishery resources and capture fisheries, domesticating animals to provide more high-quality proteins is meaningful for humans. Freshwater drum () is widely distributed in the wild habitats of North America. However, the research on and the feed domestication with diets composed of artificial compounds remains unclear. In this study, a 4-month feeding domestication experiment was conducted with larvae to evaluate the underlying mechanism and molecular targets responsible for alternations in the ingestion performance. The results indicated that a significant increase in the final body weight was exhibited by the feed domesticated group (DOM, 114.8 g) when compared to the group that did not ingest the feed (WT, 5.3 g) as the latest version we raised From the result, the final body weight exhibited significant increase between unfavorable with the feed (WT, 5.3 g) and feed domesticated group (DOM, 114.8 g). In addition, the enzyme activity of digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and trypsin was increased in DOM. Genes related to appetite and perception, such as , , and , were activated in DOM. 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that sp. increased from 58.74% to 89.77% in DOM, which accounts for the dominant upregulated microbial community at the genus level, followed by . Analogously, , , and also accounted for the down-regulated microbes in the diversity. Transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis revealed that feed domestication significantly improved protein digestion and absorption, inhibited apoptosis by AGE-RAGE signaling, and activated extracellular matrix remodeling by relaxin signaling. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and host transcriptome revealed that mediated ingestion capacity, protein utilization, and cellular homeostasis might be the underlying mechanism under feed domestication. These results indicate and its key genes relating to food ingestion and digestion could serve as the molecular targets for feed domestication and sustainable development in .
PubMed: 35722333
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861705 -
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine 2020is a member of the family generally found in freshwater. There is little substantive data about the prevalence or distribution of within the United States. are most...
INTRODUCTION
is a member of the family generally found in freshwater. There is little substantive data about the prevalence or distribution of within the United States. are most commonly associated with mild, self-limited watery diarrhea among healthy individuals followed by infective colitis. Bacteremia is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of . Few cases of bacteremia can be found in the literature.
CLINICAL FINDINGS
An elderly female with multiple comorbidities was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of generalized cramping abdominal pain of several days duration. She denied any freshwater or saltwater exposure. The patient's labs were significant for leukocytosis and lactic acidosis. An abdominopelvic CT showed acute colitis of the descending colon.
OUTCOMES
Surgery was consulted for suspicion of ischemic colitis, and the patient subsequently underwent subtotal colectomy, splenectomy and resection of the distal small bowel with an ileostomy, as extensive necrotic bowel was found. Blood cultures taken on admission grew , for which piperacillin-tazobactam was started. Negative blood cultures were obtained 4 days after positive blood cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
Relative rarity and variability of presentation, presence or absence of underlying disease or exposure to risk factors, and currently limited data utilizing different antimicrobial regimens contribute to the difficulty in outlining guideline-based regimens for management of .
PubMed: 37426611
DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1064 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Bacteria play an essential role in the health of marine mammals, and the bacteria of marine mammals are widely concerned, but less is known about freshwater mammals. In...
Bacteria play an essential role in the health of marine mammals, and the bacteria of marine mammals are widely concerned, but less is known about freshwater mammals. In this study, we investigated the bacteria of various body sites of Yangtze finless porpoise () and analyzed their association with freshwater environmental bacteria. The bacterial community and function of Yangtze finless porpoise showed apparent site-specificity. Various body sites have distinct differences in bacteria and have their dominant bacteria. , , , dominated in the intestine (fecal and rectal samples). , , and dominated in the oral. The dominant genera in the blowhole include , , and two uncultured genera. , , and were dominant in the skin. The alpha diversity of intestinal (fecal and rectal) bacteria was the lowest, while that of skin was the highest. The oral and skin bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise significantly differed between the natural and semi-natural conditions, but no sex difference was observed. A clear boundary was found between the animal and the freshwater environmental bacteria. Even the skin bacteria, which are more affected by the environment, are significantly different from the environmental bacteria and harbor indigenous bacteria. Our results provide a comprehensive preliminary exploration of the bacteria of Yangtze finless porpoise and its association with bacteria in the freshwater environment.
PubMed: 36605503
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006251 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020is an invasive species in the Canary Islands (Spain). There are few studies about the zoonotic pathogens this species could be hosting; therefore, this study was...
is an invasive species in the Canary Islands (Spain). There are few studies about the zoonotic pathogens this species could be hosting; therefore, this study was focused on analyzing causative agents of diarrhea in humans in feces from hedgehogs. A total of 45 fecal samples obtained in Tenerife (Canary Islands) were analyzed in this study using Biofire FilmArray gastrointestinal panel with an integrated Biofire FilmArray system. Forty-two (93.33%) of the samples presented at least one of the pathogens detected by the panel. The prevalence of four bacteria stands out as for enteropathogenic (71.11%), (66.67%), (33.33%), and sp. (22.22%), all of which were widely distributed along Tenerife. Besides, other pathogens were found, sp. and enterotoxigenic lt/st in 6.66% of the animals, /enteroinvasive in 4.44%, and GI/GII, , and sp. in 2.22%. Of the hedgehogs, 26.66% were hosting just one pathogen, and the others showed coinfection: 24.44% hosted two, 31.11% hosted three, and 11.11% hosted four or more. The close contact with hedgehogs may imply the transmission of not only one causative agent of diarrhea but also multiple agents, since coinfection is highly prevalent. The lack of management measurements for this animal in the Canary Islands, the common habit of adopting hedgehogs from wildlife without veterinary control, and the fact that most of the hedgehogs studied belonged to highly populated areas imply a high risk of transmission of pathogens to humans.
PubMed: 33134361
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.579602