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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Apical Lesions of Endodontic Origin (ALEO) are initiated by polymicrobial endodontic canal infection. () and () lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce a pro-inflammatory...
Apical Lesions of Endodontic Origin (ALEO) are initiated by polymicrobial endodontic canal infection. () and () lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce a pro-inflammatory macrophage response through their recognition by TLR2 and TLR4. However, polarization responses induced by and/or LPS in macrophages are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize the polarization profiles of macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells following and/or LPS stimulation from reference strain and clinical isolates. A modified LPS purification protocol was implemented and the electrophoretic LPS profiles were characterized. THP-1 human monocytes differentiated to macrophages were stimulated with and LPS. Polarization profiles were characterized through cell surface markers and secreted cytokines levels after 24 h of stimulation. TLR2 and TLR4 cell surfaces and transcriptional levels were determined after 24 or 2 h of LPS stimulation, respectively. LPS from induced a predominant M1 profile in macrophages evidenced by changes in the expression of the surface marker CD64 and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. LPS was unable to induce a significant response. TLR2 and TLR4 expressions were neither modified by or LPS. LPS, but not LPS, induced a macrophage M1 Profile.
Topics: Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Porphyromonas endodontalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4
PubMed: 36077408
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710011 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology. It has been suggested that endodontic bacterial DNA might translocate to distant organs blood...
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology. It has been suggested that endodontic bacterial DNA might translocate to distant organs blood vessels, but no studies have been conducted. We aimed first to explore overall extraradicular infection, as well as specifically by spp; and their potential to translocate from infected root canals to blood through peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this cross-sectional study, healthy individuals with and without a diagnosis of apical periodontitis with an associated apical lesion of endodontic origin (both, symptomatic and asymptomatic) were included. Apical lesions (N=64) were collected from volunteers with an indication of tooth extraction. Intracanal samples (N=39) and respective peripheral blood mononuclear cells from apical periodontitis (n=14) individuals with an indication of endodontic treatment, as well as from healthy individuals (n=14) were collected. The detection frequencies and loads (DNA copies/mg or DNA copies/μL) of total bacteria, and were measured by qPCR. In apical lesions, the detection frequencies (%) and median bacterial loads (DNA copies/mg) respectively were 70.8% and 4521.6 for total bacteria; 21.5% and 1789.7 for and 18.4% and 1493.9 for . In intracanal exudates, the detection frequencies and median bacterial loads respectively were 100% and 21089.2 (DNA copies/μL) for total bacteria, 41% and 8263.9 for ; and 20.5%, median 12538.9 for Finally, bacteria were detected in all samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells including apical periodontitis and healthy groups, though total bacterial loads (median DNA copies/μL) were significantly higher in apical periodontitis (953.6) compared to controls (300.7), p<0.05. was equally detected in both groups (50%), but its bacterial load tended to be higher in apical periodontitis (262.3) than controls (158.8), p>0.05; was not detected. Bacteria and specifically spp. were frequently detected in endodontic canals and apical lesions. Also, total bacteria and DNA were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, supporting their plausible role in bacterial systemic translocation.
Topics: Bacterial Translocation; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Periapical Periodontitis; Porphyromonas endodontalis
PubMed: 33816354
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.649925 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022Even with the advent of NGS and PCR diagnostic tools, cases of chest infections caused by are still very rare. Such pathogens are less likely to be considered by...
BACKGROUND
Even with the advent of NGS and PCR diagnostic tools, cases of chest infections caused by are still very rare. Such pathogens are less likely to be considered by clinicians. These cases frequently involve the pleura and lead to pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, or pyopneumothorax, making the disease severe.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 69-year-old man diagnosed with cerebral infarction a year ago sought medical attention for right-sided pyopneumothorax and respiratory failure. The pathogen found in the pleural fluid was highly suspected to be (). Pleural fluid mNGS confirmed and coinfection. Metronidazole combined with piperacillin tazobactam was administered to counteract infection. Simultaneously, closed chest drainage and thoracoscopic release of pleural adhesions were performed. The patient was cured, discharged from the hospital, and was in good condition after six months of follow-up.
CONCLUSION
When chest infections occur in patients with poor oral hygiene and underlying diseases that may lead to aspiration, the identification of infection should be noted. Early confirmation of the diagnosis often requires mNGS and PCR. Metronidazole is essentially effective against , and medical thoracoscopy can be used to manage pleural conditions if necessary.
PubMed: 36277245
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S381859 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Apr 2022Because complete microbial elimination of the infected root canal system is nearly impossible to achieve, the use of root canal fillings with antibacterial effects may...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Because complete microbial elimination of the infected root canal system is nearly impossible to achieve, the use of root canal fillings with antibacterial effects may help to minimize intracanal infections. Our previous study, MTA modified by CaF addition, improved the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of human dental pulp cells without adverse effect on the physical properties. In this study, the antibacterial effect of MTA after CaF addition was evaluated for use as a root canal sealer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of MTA after the addition of CaF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The antibacterial activities of MTA and MTA-CaF mixture against () (), and () were investigated with MTA-CaF powder and eluates. The bacterial growth was measured by optical density using a spectrophotometer and the bacterial colony counting.
RESULTS
MTA inhibited the growth of , and , and the addition of CaF improved this antibacterial effect in a concentration dependent manner ( < 0.05). was more resistant to MTA-CaF than the other groups of bacteria.
CONCLUSION
The addition of more than 5% CaF to MTA can increase the antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 35756781
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.005 -
BioMed Research International 2022This study is aimed at evaluating five mineral oxides (5MO), mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity (MTA HP), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in relation...
This study is aimed at evaluating five mineral oxides (5MO), mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity (MTA HP), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in relation to the antimicrobial action over , , , , and ; the genotoxicity over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures; and the morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (50 k and ×100 k). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hydroxide, and saline solution were used as control groups in the different analysis. All data were submitted to a normality test and then analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, considering ≤ 0.05 significance level. It was found that over and , there was no a significant difference between the calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and the control group of saline solution, and only 5MO was similar to the NaOCl group. However, over , all groups were effective and showed a statistically significant difference compared to the saline solution group. Conversely, none of the groups were effective over and , except of the NaOCl group. There was a significant difference between 5MO and MTA groups in comparison with NaOCl and MTA HP over osteoblasts and macrophages after 24 hours. SEM images showed small irregular particles interspersed with some elongated needle-like particles and small irregular particles with some larger particles as well as elongated particles. It was concluded that 5MO, MTA, and MTA HP have effective antimicrobial action over . However, only 5MO is effective over and . Besides, 5MO and MTA are not genotoxic over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Aluminum Compounds; Anti-Infective Agents; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Drug Combinations; Materials Testing; Oxides; Root Canal Filling Materials; Saline Solution; Silicates
PubMed: 35592523
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2155226 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous studies have focused on variations in the oral bacterial...
Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous studies have focused on variations in the oral bacterial microbiota of patients with OSCC. However, similar studies on fungal microbiota, another integral component of the oral microbiota, are scarce. Moreover, there is an evidence gap regarding the role that microecosystems play in different niches of the oral cavity at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. Here, we catalogued the microbial communities in the human oral cavity by profiling saliva, gingival plaque, and mucosal samples at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. We analyzed the oral bacteriome and mycobiome along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence. Some species, including Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Acremonium exuviarum, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were enriched, whereas others, such as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. , Scapharca broughtonii, Mortierella echinula, and Morchella septimelata, were depleted in OSCC. These findings suggest that an array of signature species, including bacteria and fungi, are closely associated with oral carcinogenesis. OSCC-associated diversity differences, species distinction, and functional alterations were most remarkable in mucosal samples, not in gingival plaque or saliva samples, suggesting an urgent need to define oral carcinogenesis-associated microbial dysbiosis based on the spatial microbiome. Abundant oral microorganisms constitute a complex microecosystem within the oral environment of the host, which plays a critical role in the adjustment of various physiological and pathological states of the oral cavity. In this study, we demonstrated that variations in the "core microbiome" may be used to predict carcinogenesis. In addition, sample data collected from multiple oral sites along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence increase our understanding of the microecosystems of different oral niches and their specific changes during oral carcinogenesis. This work provides insight into the roles of bacteria and fungi in OSCC and may contribute to the development of early diagnostic assays and novel treatments.
Topics: Humans; Mycobiome; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dysbiosis; Bacteria; Fungi
PubMed: 36445134
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02737-22 -
Microorganisms Aug 2021Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation....
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation. Here, the oral microbiota was characterized in relation to the early onset of RA (eRA) taking periodontal status into consideration. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of saliva bacterial DNA from 61 eRA patients without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and 59 matched controls was performed. Taxonomic classification at 98.5% was conducted against the Human Oral Microbiome Database, microbiota functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and periodontal status linked from the Swedish quality register for clinically assessed caries and periodontitis. The participants were classified into three distinct microbiota-based cluster groups with cluster allocation differences by eRA status. Independently of periodontal status, eRA patients had enriched levels of , , and species and in the and genera and functions linked to ornithine metabolism, glucosylceramidase, beta-lactamase resistance, biphenyl degradation, fatty acid metabolism and 17-beta-estradiol-17-dehydrogenase metabolism. The results support a deviating oral microbiota composition already in eRA patients compared with healthy controls and highlight a panel of oral bacteria that may be useful in eRA risk assessment in both periodontally healthy and diseased persons.
PubMed: 34442739
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081657 -
The Veterinary Record Apr 2020Non-healing bovine foot lesions, including non-healing white line disease, non-healing sole ulcer and toe necrosis, are an increasingly important cause of chronic...
BACKGROUND
Non-healing bovine foot lesions, including non-healing white line disease, non-healing sole ulcer and toe necrosis, are an increasingly important cause of chronic lameness that are poorly responsive to treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated a high-level association between these non-healing lesions and the phylogroups implicated in bovine digital dermatitis (BDD). However, a polymicrobial aetiology involving other gram-stain-negative anaerobes is suspected.
METHODS
A PCR-based bacteriological survey of uncomplicated BDD lesions (n=10) and non-healing bovine foot lesions (n=10) targeting , and was performed.
RESULTS
DNA was detected in 80.0% of the non-healing lesion biopsies (p=<0.001) but was entirely absent from uncomplicated BDD lesion biopsies. When compared to the BDD lesions, was detected at a higher frequency in the non-healing lesions (33.3% vs 70.0%, respectively), whereas was detected at a lower frequency (55.5% vs 20.0%, respectively). Conversely, DNA was not detected in either lesion type.
CONCLUSION
The data from this pilot study suggest that and should be further investigated as potential aetiological agents of non-healing bovine foot lesions. A failure to detect syphilis treponemes in either lesion type is reassuring given the potential public health implications such an infection would present.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; DNA, Bacterial; Digital Dermatitis; Female; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Pilot Projects; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas endodontalis; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum; Treponemal Infections; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32066637
DOI: 10.1136/vr.105628 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024The activation of inflammasomes is thought to induce the inflammatory process around dental implants. No information is available on the correlation between microbiota...
The activation of inflammasomes is thought to induce the inflammatory process around dental implants. No information is available on the correlation between microbiota and inflammasomes in clinical samples from patients suffering peri-implantitis. For this cross-sectional study, 30 biofilm samples were obtained from 19 patients undergoing surgical treatment for peri-implantitis because of the presence of bleeding on probing, probing depth higher than 6 mm, and radiographic bone loss higher than 3 mm. Then, soft tissue samples from around the implant were also collected. The relative abundance of bacteria and alpha-diversity indexes were calculated after analyzing the 16S rRNA gene using next-generation sequencing. The soft-tissue samples were processed for evaluation of the inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2 as well as caspase-1 and IL-1β. The relative abundance (mean (SD)) of specific species indicated that the most abundant species were (10.95 (14.17)%), (10.93 (13.18)%), (5.89 (7.23)%), (3.88 (4.94)%), (2.91 (3.19)%), and (2.84 (4.15)%). Several correlations were found between the species and the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2 as well as caspase-1 and IL-1β, both in the epithelium and the lamina propria. A network analysis found an important cluster of variables formed by NLRP3 in the lamina propria and AIM2, caspase-1, and IL-1β in the lamina propria and the epithelium with , , , or . Thus, it could be concluded that inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2 and their downstream effectors caspase-1 and interleukin-1β can be significantly associated with specific bacteria.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Peri-Implantitis; Cross-Sectional Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Caspase 1
PubMed: 38256037
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020961 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The relationship between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and the microbiome has attracted increasing attention. The depth of invasion (DOI) is an...
The relationship between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and the microbiome has attracted increasing attention. The depth of invasion (DOI) is an important indicator of tumor progression, staging and prognosis, and the change in the oral microbiome based on the DOI is unclear. This report describes the use of metagenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and the DOI. Forty patients in different DOI categories were recruited; 10 healthy people served as the control group. Swab samples collected from the participants were subjected to metagenomic analyses, and the oral microbial communities and their functions were investigated. The abundances of , , , and were significantly increased in the patients compared with the controls. The abundances of some bacteria exhibited a stage-related trend. The abundances of , and increased with increasing DOI. In contrast, the abundances of and decreased with increasing DOI. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, eight species were found to have predictive value: , , , and in the healthy control group and , , and in the high DOI group. In the functional analysis, several metabolic pathways were decreased, whereas flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis showed an increasing trend as the disease progressed. Biofilm formation, flagella, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other virulence factors exhibited staging-related changes. These pathogenic pathways and factors had a clear correlation with specific pathogens. In particular, when OSCC progressed to the late stage, microbial diversity and functional potential changed greatly.
PubMed: 35222330
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.795777