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International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Owing to the high prevalence and detrimental consequences, postpartum depression (PPD) has been identified as one of the severe global public health issues in the last... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Owing to the high prevalence and detrimental consequences, postpartum depression (PPD) has been identified as one of the severe global public health issues in the last decade. Prior research found that during disasters or events, the prevalence rates of mental disorders among postpartum women are significantly high. However, the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on PPD and its risk factors remained unclear for postpartum women. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of PPD and to summarize risk factors for PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
Three electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for articles from their commencements until 1 November 2021. Quality assessment of included studies, random-effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed.
RESULTS
A total of eight studies with 6480 postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic were included, and most studies were conducted in developed countries. The pooled prevalence of PPD was 34% (95% CI: 21-46%) during the COVID-19 pandemic, much higher than the incident of previous research during the non-pandemic period. Risk factors for PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic were defined as socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, stress and anxiety, lack of various supports, and the COVID-19 related factors.
CONCLUSION
The research findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic could make detrimental effects on maternal mental wellbeing among women after childbirth. Investigating the prevalence and risk factors of PPD among postpartum women could shed some light on their mental and emotional states; so that support measures and tailored interventions from health professionals and policymakers could be offered to improve the maternal and infant outcomes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Much more research on maternal psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic was strongly recommended to undertake in the middle and low-income countries.
Topics: COVID-19; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pandemics; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35206407
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042219 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2020Early breastfeeding cessation is a major public health problem. Several factors can affect breastfeeding pattern, and psychological aspects have been poorly explored. We...
Early breastfeeding cessation is a major public health problem. Several factors can affect breastfeeding pattern, and psychological aspects have been poorly explored. We hypothesize that psychological factors and breastfeeding pattern have a relationship. We have assessed in mothers during the first six months of lactation if breastfeeding pattern is associated with maternal stress, postpartum depression, and dispositional optimism, and if these psychological factors play a role on breastfeeding adherence. In total, 711 women participated, answering online the following questionnaires: sociodemographic, perceived stress scale, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, life orientation test, and breastfeeding adherence score. Women were categorized according to infant feeding practices as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) or mixed breastfeeding (MBF). The EBF group had a lower score of perceived stress compared to those giving MBF (first month: EBF = 1.5 [1.1; 1.9], MBF = 1.8 [1.5; 2.0]; -Value = 0.030; third month: EBF = 1.6 [1.2; 2.0], MBF = 1.8 [1.5; 2.4]; -Value = 0.038) and also had a lower score of postpartum depression (third month: EBF = 8.0 [6.0; 11.0], MBF = 11.0 [9.0; 15.0]; -Value = 0.001). The breastfeeding adherence score showed a positive correlation with maternal perceived stress (first month: ρ = 0.27; -Value = 0.018), and postpartum depression (third month: ρ = 0.30; -Value < 0.001), and a negative correlation with maternal dispositional optimism (second month: ρ = -0.20; -Value = 0.028). MBF was positively associated with breastfeeding adherence score (odd ratio (OR) = 1.4 [1.2-1.6]; -Value < 0.001) and with postpartum depression (OR = 1.1 [1.0; 1.1]; -Value = 0.020). In the third month of breastfeeding, women with MBF exhibited higher perceive stress and postpartum depression compared to those with EBF and no difference in dispositional optimism. The maternal psychological aspects are associated with breastfeeding pattern. Evaluation of maternal psychological concerns and providing support to lactating mothers may help improving breastfeeding adherence.
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactation; Mothers; Postpartum Period; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 33007816
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197153 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022A large proportion of women experience depression during the postpartum period. Few studies have investigated the use of mobile technology to prevent postpartum... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A large proportion of women experience depression during the postpartum period. Few studies have investigated the use of mobile technology to prevent postpartum depression in women. This study investigated the preliminary effectiveness of the CareMom program, a new app-based cognitive behavioral therapy program, on reducing the depressive symptoms of mothers during the very early postpartum period via a pilot randomized controlled study. The participants were recruited during birth hospitalization (within 3 days after giving birth) and randomized to the waiting-list control and CareMom groups. Over the four-week intervention period, the CareMom group was required to complete 28 daily challenges via CareMom. The depressive (via EPDS) and anxiety (via GAD-7) levels of participants were measured at baseline and every 7 days postbaseline for 4 weeks. A total of 112 eligible participants were randomly allocated to the two groups (CareMom: n = 57; control: n = 55). At week 4, the CareMom group achieved a significantly lower EPDS score than the control group at week 4 ( = 0.037). In addition, the EPDS ( < 0.001) scores of the CareMom group were significantly lower than the baseline values. However, the control group did not show any significant reduction in this measure. No significant reduction of GAD-7 scores was observed for CareMom and control groups at week 4. This study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of CareMom in reducing depressive symptoms in the general postpartum population during the very early postpartum period.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Pilot Projects; Mobile Applications; Postpartum Period; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression
PubMed: 36554704
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416824 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2019During pregnancy and the postnatal period many changes occur in a woman's body, both in mental and physical spheres. The birth of a child and a new role-of a...
During pregnancy and the postnatal period many changes occur in a woman's body, both in mental and physical spheres. The birth of a child and a new role-of a mother-can sometimes be associated with numerous negative emotions, uncertainty, fear, anxiety, disgust, depression, or sadness. In the puerperium period, the development of baby blues or postpartum depression may occur. Postpartum depression develops within one month of childbirth and may last up to one year. Depressive disorders that may develop in a young mother affect both her and the newborn's health. That is why it is so important to try to search for factors that could significantly reduce the likelihood of developing depression in this period. The study aims at assessing the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy and puerperium or in the postpartum and the development of postnatal depression. A review of the literature was carried out in the Medline-PubMed database. The search terms were "pregnancy" AND "physical activity AND postpartum depression". The study included only English-language publications published in the period 2000-2018. A total of 216 references were found. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the analysis of titles and abstracts, 173 articles were excluded from the review. A total of 43 publications were read in full. Finally, 16 articles were included in the review. It was shown that regular physical activity during pregnancy, pregnancy, and puerperium, or in the postnatal period itself as compared to inactivity, reduces the risk of developing depression in pregnant women and after the birth of a child. Physical activity can be an essential factor in the prevention of depressive disorders of women in the postnatal period.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Exercise; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 31480778
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090560 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Oct 2019To determine if an electronic nursing intervention during the first 6 months postpartum was effective in improving mood and decreasing stress. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
To determine if an electronic nursing intervention during the first 6 months postpartum was effective in improving mood and decreasing stress.
BACKGROUND
Unmet needs postpartum can have a negative impact on mood and parenting stress. Technology-assisted nursing care may provide needed support and reduce risk.
DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three conditions.
METHODS
Enrollment began on 11 May 2017. Participants were randomized into one of three groups after completion of the baseline survey. Intervention I participants received standardized electronic messages four times/week for 6 months postpartum. Intervention II participants additionally received the option for nurse contact. Depression and parenting stress as measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Parenting Stress Index-Short form (PSI-SF) was obtained at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum and results compared with a usual care group. Patient satisfaction and nursing factors were measured.
RESULTS
Significantly higher satisfaction scores were found in both intervention groups as compared with control, but there were no significant changes in EPDS or PSI-SF.
CONCLUSION
The interventions were perceived as helpful and not burdensome. Better nurse-sensitive outcome measures are needed to adequately assess effectiveness.
IMPACT
Postpartum women report unmet needs for support and education. The interventions were perceived as being helpful but did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms or parenting stress. Nurses can use this research to inform development of innovative approaches to support postpartum women.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02843022.
Topics: Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Inventions; Mothers; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy
PubMed: 31222789
DOI: 10.1111/jan.14114 -
Medicine Nov 2022The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was to investigate the effects of different doses of esketamine combined with sufentanil for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was to investigate the effects of different doses of esketamine combined with sufentanil for postoperative intravenous controlled analgesia after cesarean section and the incidence of postpartum depression.
METHODS
One hundred and sixty patients undergoing elective cesarean section, with a singleton term pregnancy and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II were selected. All patients were treated by a combined epidural with spinal anesthesia. They were randomly divided into 4 groups according to patient controlled intravenous analgesia formula. The consumption of sufentanil, times of effective press and remediate analgesia at 48 hours after cesarean section, incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) at 1 week and 6 weeks after the operation were recorded.
RESULTS
Comparison of cumulated dosage of sufentanil, times of effective press and rescue analgesia at 48 hours after operation: Group H was significantly lower than Group M, Group L, and Group C (P < .05), Group M significantly lower than group L and Group C (P < .05), and Group L significantly lower than Group C (P < .05). Comparison of the incidence of PPD at 1 week and 6 weeks later: Group H was significantly lower than Group M, Group L, and Group C (P < .01), Group M significantly lower than Group L and Group C (P < .01) and Group L significantly lower than Group C (P < .01). Compared with Group C, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced in Group H, Group M, and Group L (P < .05).
CONCLUSION
Esketamine combined with sufentanil used for patient controlled intravenous analgesia after elective cesarean section can reduce the consumption of sufentanil, improve postoperative analgesia, decrease the incidence of PPD at 1 week and 6 weeks and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Cesarean Section; Depression, Postpartum; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Sufentanil; Antidepressive Agents; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 36451452
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032010 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2021In a woman's life, pregnancy is a unique experience accompanied by significant physiological, biochemical, and psychological changes that can affect mental health...
INTRODUCTION
In a woman's life, pregnancy is a unique experience accompanied by significant physiological, biochemical, and psychological changes that can affect mental health status. Participation in preventive activities during pregnancy has an impact on better emotional state after childbirth.
DISCUSSION
The therapeutic effects of listening to music on the health of mother and child have been proven in numerous studies. Listening to music during pregnancy contributes to a better sense of well - being and less pronounced symptoms of postpartum depression. Scientific evidence confirms the effects of music therapy on the level of stress and anxiety in pregnant women, but also calmer children and better emotional bonding. The application of GIM therapy - music - induced imagination - also provides significant results in strengthening psychological resilience.
CONCLUSION
Music therapy is a simple, non - pharmacological and safe method that significantly contributes to mental health in pregnancy and after childbirth. The application of music therapy has a scientific potential that offers many ideas for the development of medical - music research.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Music Therapy; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34718319
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Mar 2020
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Narration; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care
PubMed: 32077102
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13784 -
JAMA Psychiatry Oct 2022Current evidence on the association between family history of psychiatric disorders and postpartum depression is inconsistent; family studies have identified familial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Current evidence on the association between family history of psychiatric disorders and postpartum depression is inconsistent; family studies have identified familial risk of postpartum depression, whereas systematic reviews and umbrella reviews, compiling all risk factors for postpartum depression, often have not.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between family history of psychiatric disorders and risk of developing postpartum depression within 12 months post partum.
DATA SOURCES
Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO in September 2021 and updated in March 2022, accompanied by citation and reference search.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies eligible for inclusion comprised peer-reviewed cohort and case-control studies reporting an odds ratio (OR) or sufficient data to calculate one for the association between family history of any psychiatric disorder and postpartum depression. Study selection was made by 2 independent reviewers: title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Reporting was performed using the MOOSE checklist. Two reviewers independently extracted predefined information and assessed included studies for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was investigated with meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used to evaluate the overall certainty of the findings.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was the pooled association between family history of psychiatric disorders and postpartum depression.
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies were included, containing information on 100 877 women. Meta-analysis showed an increased OR of developing postpartum depression when mothers had a family history of psychiatric disorders (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.67-2.59; I2 = 57.14%) corresponding to a risk ratio of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.52-2.09), assuming a 15% postpartum depression prevalence in the general population. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were in line with the primary analysis. The overall certainty of evidence was deemed as moderate according to GRADE.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this study, there was moderate certainty of evidence for an almost 2-fold higher risk of developing postpartum depression among mothers who have a family history of any psychiatric disorder compared with mothers without.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Mothers; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35976654
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2400 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jan 2022Depression and diabetes share a bidirectional causal association. Additionally, during the postpartum period women have an increased vulnerability for both depression...
Depression and diabetes share a bidirectional causal association. Additionally, during the postpartum period women have an increased vulnerability for both depression and impaired glucose tolerance. The impact of the comorbidity of diabetes and postpartum depression is also bidirectional with an impaired course and outcome of both these disorders. The clinic visits for pregnancy and/ or diabetes care offer important opportunity to screen for postpartum (as well as prepartum) depression. Screening tools that are shorter, that take less time and acceptable are recommended. While a limited number of guidelines on management of depression among persons with diabetes have commented on management of the postpartum depression, the emphasis is on timely intervention using pharmacological and psycho- social interventions. There is a need to develop a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders to effectively manage postpartum depression and diabetes.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Mass Screening; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35099464
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.22-002