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Scientific Reports Jul 2021Postpartum Depression (PPD) is the most common non-obstetric complications associated with childbearing, but currently has poor diagnostic regimes. Sensory symptoms of...
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is the most common non-obstetric complications associated with childbearing, but currently has poor diagnostic regimes. Sensory symptoms of PPD are understudied, particularly with regard to the sense of olfaction. The present study addresses this research gap by assessing differences in olfactory abilities between 39 depressed mothers, who were within the perinatal period (i.e., during pregnancy and up to 1-year post pregnancy) and assessed with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and their case-matched healthy volunteers. The assessments include two olfactory testing sessions conducted 4-weeks apart, each comprising a standard odour detection threshold test (i.e., Snap & Sniff Olfactory Test System), and intensity and valence ratings for 3 "pleasant" and 3 "unpleasant" odorants. The results revealed no difference between patients (M = 5.6; SE = 0.3) and control group (M = 5.7; SE = 0.4) in terms of olfactory detection threshold. However, the patients group perceived the 3 "unpleasant" odours as significantly less pleasant (p < 0.05), and 2 odorants (1 "pleasant" and 1 "unpleasant") as less intense. Additionally, these results did not appear to be significantly interacted with the individual's perinatal stage. The present study is the first to evaluate associations between olfactory function and PPD. Findings from the study suggest that, while PPD has little effect on the early stages of olfactory processing, these conditions may have stronger influence on higher-order olfactory perception, including both hedonic and intensity perception. These novel findings add knowledge to sensory symptoms of PPD.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Smell; Young Adult
PubMed: 34294837
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94556-z -
Behavioural Brain Research Jun 2023Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common postpartum psychiatric disorder, which can negatively affect both mothers and their offspring. Although the functional...
Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common postpartum psychiatric disorder, which can negatively affect both mothers and their offspring. Although the functional changes of PPD have been extensively studied, little is known about its structural abnormalities. This study aimed to examine the cortical and subcortical morphological abnormalities in PPD. High resolution T1 structural MRI data of 29 PPD women and 23 matched healthy postpartum women (HPW) were included in this study. Using surface-based morphometry, we examined the differences between the PPD and HPW group in the cortical thickness, local gyrification index and shape changes of deep gray matter nuclei. Compared with the HPW group, women with PPD showed significantly increased cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus, cuneus and right lingual gyrus and fusiform gyrus, which correlated marginally with the EPDS scores of these subjects. In addition, women with PPD showed significant regional inflation in the right pallidum compared with the HPW group. These findings provided further evidence for the structural brain abnormalities in PPD.
Topics: Humans; Female; Depression, Postpartum; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Temporal Lobe; Occipital Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 37001820
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114414 -
South African Medical Journal =... Sep 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; South Africa; Depression; Postpartum Period; Communication; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 37882124
DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i9.1438 -
PloS One 2023Postpartum depression is a significant episode of depression beginning after giving birth. The prevalence of postpartum depression is approximately 20% in Jeddah, Saudi... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Postpartum depression is a significant episode of depression beginning after giving birth. The prevalence of postpartum depression is approximately 20% in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for labour pain management. Conflicting results exist regarding the association between postpartum depression and epidural analgesia use during labour. Accordingly, this study assessed the association between epidural analgesia use and postpartum depression incidence.
METHODS
A prospective observational study of 170 mothers was conducted, with surveys administered after labour and at six weeks postpartum. Surveys included the following: mothers' demographics, obstetric history, postpartum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale).
RESULTS
In the final analysis, 91 patients were enrolled. Epidural analgesia was administered to 48.4% of mothers during labour. Nearly two-thirds of mothers learned about EA via sources including family members and social media. However, more than half reported worries regarding epidural analgesia. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores showed that 38 mothers (41.8%) likely had depressive symptoms within two days following delivery. Further, 35 (38.5%) met criteria for postpartum depression at six weeks postpartum. For both groups regardless use of analgesia, the mean Visual Analogue Scale score at two days postpartum was 4.16 ± 2.13. Data revealed no correlation between epidural analgesia use and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale within two days and at six weeks postpartum. Multiple regression analysis showed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores correlated with Visual Analogue Scale scores but not epidural analgesia use at 1-2 days postpartum.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that depressive symptoms resolved in three percent of participants. This suggests that institutions should increase postpartum depression awareness during the antenatal period and implement effective post-delivery screening systems for postpartum depression.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Analgesia, Epidural; Depression, Postpartum; Incidence; Labor, Obstetric; Pain Management; Pain; Analgesia, Obstetrical
PubMed: 37906559
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289595 -
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Mar 2021To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Retrospective, cross-sectional study....
To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Online multi-national study. We surveyed an international sample of 102 women who gave birth following cervical SCI (C1-C8, = 30), upper thoracic SCI (T1-T6, = 12) or lower level SCI (T7 & below, = 60). Participants were primarily from Canada and Sweden, and mean age at childbirth was 30 ± 6 years. Subscales from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used to measure PPD (PRAMS-3D) and PPA (PRAMS-2A). PPD and PPA were most prevalent in women with cervical SCI, followed by upper thoracic SCI then lower SCI. Self-reported PPD was more prevalent than clinically diagnosed PPD in women with cervical SCI ( = 0.03) and upper thoracic SCI ( = 0.03). With cervical SCI, 75% of women diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy scored >9 on the PRAMS PPD subscale, indicating clinically relevant PPD. However, only 10% were diagnosed with PPD. Of women with lower SCI diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy, 25% had a clinically relevant score for self-reported PPD; 7% were diagnosed. This is currently the largest study examining PPD and PPA after SCI. Clinicians should be aware that mothers with SCI (particularly high-level SCI) may have increased risk of PPD and PPA. PPD is poorly understood in women with SCI and may even be underdiagnosed. SCI-related risk factors for PPD and PPA should be explored.
Topics: Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 31549939
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1666239 -
BMC Public Health Jul 2023Anaemia is a reduction in haemoglobin concentration below a threshold, resulting from various factors including severe blood loss during and after childbirth. Symptoms... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Anaemia is a reduction in haemoglobin concentration below a threshold, resulting from various factors including severe blood loss during and after childbirth. Symptoms of anaemia include fatigue and weakness, among others, affecting health and quality of life. Anaemic pregnant women have an increased risk of premature delivery, a low-birthweight infant, and postpartum depression. They are also more likely to have anaemia in the postpartum period which can lead to an ongoing condition and affect subsequent pregnancies. In 2019 nearly 37% of pregnant women globally had anaemia, and estimates suggest that 50-80% of postpartum women in low- and middle-income countries have anaemia, but currently there is no standard measurement or classification for postpartum anaemia.
METHODS
A rapid landscape review was conducted to identify and characterize postpartum anaemia measurement searching references within three published systematic reviews of anaemia, including studies published between 2012 and 2021. We then conducted a new search for relevant literature from February 2021 to April 2022 in EMBASE and MEDLINE using a similar search strategy as used in the published reviews.
RESULTS
In total, we identified 53 relevant studies. The timing of haemoglobin measurement ranged from within the immediate postpartum period to over 6 weeks. The thresholds used to diagnose anaemia in postpartum women varied considerably, with < 120, < 110, < 100 and < 80 g/L the most frequently reported. Other laboratory results frequently reported included ferritin and transferrin receptor. Clinical outcomes reported in 32 out of 53 studies included postpartum depression, quality of life, and fatigue. Haemoglobin measurements were performed in a laboratory, although it is unclear from the studies if venous samples and automatic analysers were used in all cases.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the need for improving postpartum anaemia measurement given the variability observed in published measures. With the high prevalence of anaemia, the relatively simple treatment for non-severe cases of iron deficiency anaemia, and its importance to public health with multi-generational effects, it is crucial to develop common measures for women in the postpartum period and promote rapid uptake and reporting.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Iron; Depression, Postpartum; Quality of Life; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Anemia; Postpartum Period; Fatigue; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 37518003
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16383-3 -
Maturitas Mar 2023The purpose of the study was to investigate whether postpartum depression is associated with a risk of depression during perimenopause.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether postpartum depression is associated with a risk of depression during perimenopause.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study of 270,613 individuals who were born in 1960-1968, who gave birth to a liveborn child recorded in the Medical Birth Register before the age of 40, and who lived in Denmark when turning 47 years old. The association between postpartum depression and depression during perimenopause was analyzed using a Cox Proportional Hazards model adjusted for education level, marital status, and age at first delivery.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Depression during perimenopause was identified by a diagnosis of depression during nine years of follow-up registered in the Danish National Patient Registry.
RESULTS
A total of 7694 (2.9 %) study participants were diagnosed with depression during perimenopause. Postpartum depression was associated with 12.82 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 8.93;18.41] times higher hazard of depression during perimenopause, while depression prior to study baseline was associated with 11.91 [95 % CI: 11.14;12.73] times higher hazard compared with individuals with no history of depression. There was no difference in the association between postpartum depression and depression prior to study baseline for depression during perimenopause.
CONCLUSION
Prior depression, no matter the timing, is associated with markedly higher risk of depression during perimenopause. Thus, individuals who have experienced postpartum depression do not experience a greater risk of depression during perimenopause compared with individuals who have experienced depression unrelated to periods of hormonal changes during their fertile life.
Topics: Female; Humans; Perimenopause; Cohort Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 36621208
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.12.001 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Postnatal depression is a common and severe complication of childbirth. It is an important public health problem with significant implications for both mothers and... (Review)
Review
Postnatal depression is a common and severe complication of childbirth. It is an important public health problem with significant implications for both mothers and children. The exact mechanisms underlying and the factors influencing the occurrence of postnatal depression remain unclear. The literature suggests that certain dietary deficiencies during pregnancy and the postnatal period may contribute to a greater risk of maternal depression. This review focuses on the role of selenium in postnatal depression. It collects evidence from published interventional and observational studies investigating the relationship between selenium intake during the antenatal and postnatal periods and the mental status of postpartum women and summarises information about biological mechanisms that may underlie the association between selenium status and postnatal depression. The review includes studies identified through electronic searches of Medline (via PubMed) and Google Scholar databases until December 2023. Despite the small number of relevant studies and their potential methodological limitations, the findings suggest that optimizing selenium status may support the prevention and treatment of postnatal depression. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of these effects.
Topics: Humans; Selenium; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Pregnancy; Nutritional Status; Postpartum Period; Dietary Supplements; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Adult
PubMed: 38931280
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121926 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2023This study explored whether psychosocial intervention applications (apps) are effective in preventing postpartum depression. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This study explored whether psychosocial intervention applications (apps) are effective in preventing postpartum depression.
METHODS
We conducted an initial article search on 26 March 2020, and the updated search on 17 March 2023 on the electronic databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via Ovid, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Furthermore, we searched the International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal (ICTRP), and Clinical Trials.
RESULTS
We identified 2515 references, and sixteen studies were ultimately included in this review. We conducted a meta-analysis of two studies on the onset of postpartum depression. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.04; P = 0.570). We performed a meta-analysis of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The intervention group had significantly lower EPDS scores than the control group (mean difference -0.96; 95% CI -1.44 to -0.48; P < 0.001, I2 = 82%, Chi = 62.75, P < 0.001; high heterogeneity).
CONCLUSION
This study presents the results of current RCTs on interventions with apps, including an app with an automated psychosocial component for preventing postpartum depression that has been conducted. These apps improved the EPDS score; furthermore, they may prevent postpartum depression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Mobile Applications; Databases, Factual; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychosocial Intervention
PubMed: 37316768
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05749-5 -
Journal of Primary Care & Community... 2022The fast spread of COVID-19 can cause some psychological disorders for men. One of the psychological disorders is paternal postpartum depression (PPD). The aim of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The fast spread of COVID-19 can cause some psychological disorders for men. One of the psychological disorders is paternal postpartum depression (PPD). The aim of the present research was to review studies that have investigated paternal postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For this narrative review, databases such as Google Scholar, Scientific Information Databases (SID), Magiran, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for the full texts of published studies in the Persian and English languages in the period of 2019 to 2021. Finally, 3 articles were selected and reviewed in this study.
RESULTS
The results of this review study were classified into 3 main categories such as (1) The psychological status of men during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) The effect of paternal PPD on children's development and family psychological status during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) The role of healthcare providers in the management of paternal PPD. The findings of the studies showed that paternal PPD increases the rate of child maltreatment, maternal depression, and domestic violence. The promotion of the interpersonal skills of healthcare providers with fathers suffering from depression or psychological problems is the determinant factor of successful results.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that paternal PPD has a wide range of consequences in this pandemic. Therefore, it would be recommended that healthcare staff have close contact with families and screen fathers for paternal PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: COVID-19; Child; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Fathers; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Postpartum Period; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35818667
DOI: 10.1177/21501319221110421