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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2020Bacterial endophytes are well known inhabitants of living plant system and perform important assignments in maintaining plant growth and health. Currently, limited...
Bacterial endophytes are well known inhabitants of living plant system and perform important assignments in maintaining plant growth and health. Currently, limited reports are available on the endophytes of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) reflecting antagonistic and plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes. Therefore, the major objectives of current investigation were to identify antagonistic strains of endophytic Bacillus from pearl millet and further illustrate their PGP capabilities. In this study, 19 endophytic Bacillus strains (EPP5, EPP21, EPP30, EPP32, EPP35, EPP42, EPP49, EPP55, EPP62, EPP65, EPP70, EPP71, EPP74, EPP78, EPP83, EPP86, EPP93, EPP100, and EPP102) displaying antagonistic activity towards Rhizoctonia solani (RS), Sclerotium rolfsii (SR), and Fusarium solani (FS) were isolated from different sections (root, leaf, stem, and root) of pearl millet. Phenotypic (shape, colony, gram staining reaction, endospore formation, and motility) and biochemical features (catalase, oxidase, citrate, gelatinase, urease, Voges Proskauer's, methyl red, indole, and nitrate reduction), along with the similarly comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence with type strains identified eight antagonistic endophyhtes as B. amyloliquefaciens (EPP35, EPP 42, EPP62, and EPP 102), Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (EPP65), and Bacillus cereus (EPP5, EPP71, and EPP74). The production of indole acetic acid and siderophores was varied among the isolated endophytes. Besides displaying enzymatic activities, these isolates varied in solubilizing capabilities of phosphate, potassium, and zinc. The presence of three antimicrobial peptide genes (ituD, bmyC, and srfA) also confirmed their antifungal nature. Further, single treatment of three promising strains (EPP5, EPP62, and EPP65) offered protection ranging from 35.68 to 45.74% under greenhouse conditions. However, microbial consortium (EPP5+ EPP62 + EPP65) provided the highest protection (71.96%) against root rot and wilt infection with significant increase in plant biomass. Overall, the current study indicated that pearl millet plant harbors various species of endophytic Bacillus that possess excellent biocontrol and growth promotion activities.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacillus; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; Basidiomycota; Biological Control Agents; Endophytes; Fusarium; Genes, Bacterial; Indoleacetic Acids; Microbial Consortia; Microbial Interactions; Pennisetum; Phosphates; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Potassium; Rhizoctonia; Siderophores; Soil Microbiology; Zinc
PubMed: 31642002
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00172-5 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jan 2023We aimed to assess the eradication efficacy and factors that influencing it of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) in Gansu region, Northwest China. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
High-dose amoxicillin-proton pump inhibitor dual therapy as first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in Northwest China: A prospective, randomised controlled trial.
AIMS
We aimed to assess the eradication efficacy and factors that influencing it of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) in Gansu region, Northwest China.
METHODS
A total of 216 treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were randomly assigned to two groups for the 14-day eradication treatment: the HDDT group (amoxicillin 750 mg q.i.d. and esomeprazole 40 mg t.i.d.) and the amoxicillin and clarithromycin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group (ACBQT: esomeprazole 20 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 2 g, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg; b.i.d.). The eradication rates, adverse effects and patient compliance of these two groups were compared. Eradication efficacy was determined by C urea breath test ( C UBT) 4-8 weeks after finishing treatment. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the Epsilometer testing (E-test) method.
RESULTS
The eradication rates for the HDDT and ACBQT groups were 71.0% and 74.7% (P = .552) by per-protocol analysis, and 65.7% and 68.5% (P = .664) by intention-to-treat analysis. The overall adverse event rates in the HDDT and ACBQT groups were 2.0% and 43.4% (P < .001), respectively. The resistance rates to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and metronidazole were 15.2%, 42.0%, 5.4%, 35.7% and 83.0%, respectively. Amoxicillin resistance and delta over baseline (DOB) of C UBT ≥ 20 before treatment significantly reduced the eradication rate in 112 participants with H. pylori cultured.
CONCLUSION
The HDDT as first-line treatment for H. pylori was unsatisfactory in Gansu. Amoxicillin resistance and DOB of C UBT ≥ 20 before treatment were significantly correlated with H. pylori eradication failure.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Amoxicillin; Helicobacter pylori; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Clarithromycin; Esomeprazole; Bismuth; Prospective Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35947524
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15488 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Sep 2021Previous studies focusing on the association between gestational diabetes and breastfeeding duration have been inconclusive.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies focusing on the association between gestational diabetes and breastfeeding duration have been inconclusive.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to determine whether maternal gestational hyperglycemia is associated with the duration of breastfeeding and the concentrations of markers linked to breastmilk production.
METHODS
Data from the prospective, multiethnic Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes study were used to assess the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postglucose challenge (2hPG) measured at 26-28 wk of gestation with duration of breastfeeding and concentrations of protein, lactose, citrate, sodium, potassium, and zinc in breastmilk 3 wk postpartum.
RESULTS
Of the 1035 participants, 5.2% and 9.5% had elevated FPG and 2hPG, respectively, consistent with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus based on International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L was associated with a crude reduction in median breastfeeding duration of 2.3 mo. In a model adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI and intention to breastfeed, FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L predicted earlier termination of any breastfeeding (adjusted HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.08) but not full breastfeeding (adjusted HR: 1.08; 0.76, 1.55). 2hPG ≥8.5 mmol/L was not significantly associated with the durations of any (adjusted HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.19) or full (adjusted HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.18) breastfeeding. Maternal FPG was significantly and positively associated with breastmilk sodium (adjusted coefficient: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.51) and sodium-to-potassium ratio (adjusted coefficient: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.54) but not with other measured breastmilk components.
CONCLUSIONS
Women with FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L during pregnancy breastfeed for a shorter duration. Future work involving measurement of milk production is needed to determine whether low milk production predicts breastfeeding duration among women with elevated FPG. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Breast Feeding; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes, Gestational; Fasting; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Milk, Human; Potassium; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Singapore; Sodium
PubMed: 33963740
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab142 -
Medicine Mar 2024Vonoprazan, a novel acid suppressant and the first potassium-competitive acid blocker, has the potential to enhance the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori due to...
Comparison of vonoprazan-based dual therapy with vonoprazan-based bismuth quadruple therapy for treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: A propensity score matching analysis.
Vonoprazan, a novel acid suppressant and the first potassium-competitive acid blocker, has the potential to enhance the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori due to its robust acid-suppressing capacity. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vonoprazan-based dual therapy (vonoprazan-amoxicillin, VA) with vonoprazan-based bismuth quadruple therapy (VBQT) as a first-line treatment for H pylori infection. This retrospective single-center non-inferiority study was conducted in China. Treatment-naive H pylori-positive patients aged 18 to 80 received one of the 2 treatment regimens at our center. The VA group received vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 1000 mg 3 times daily for 14 days, whereas the VBQT group received vonoprazan 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg twice daily for 14 days. The eradication rate was evaluated 4 to 6 weeks after treatment using the carbon-13/14 urea breath test. Propensity score matching was used to analyze eradication rates, adverse events (AEs), and patient compliance between the 2 groups. Initially, 501 patients were included, and after propensity score analysis, 156 patients were selected for the study. Intention-to-treat analysis showed eradication rates of 87.2% (95% CI, 79.8-94.6%) for the VA group and 79.5% (95% CI, 70.5-88.4%) for the VBQT group (P = .195). Per-protocol analysis demonstrated rates of 94.4% (95% CI, 89.2-99.7%) for the VA group and 96.8% (95% CI, 92.4-100%) for the VBQT group (P = .507). Non-inferiority was confirmed between the 2 groups, with P values < .025. The VA group showed a lower rate of AEs (10.3% vs 17.9%, P = .250) compared to the VBQT group. There were no significant differences in patient compliance between the 2 groups. In treatment-naive patients with H pylori infection, both the 14-day VA and VBQT regimens demonstrated comparable efficacy, with excellent eradication rates. Moreover, due to reduced antibiotic usage, lower rate of AEs, and lower costs, VA dual therapy should be prioritized.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; Helicobacter pylori; Retrospective Studies; Propensity Score; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Treatment Outcome; Pyrroles; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 38457567
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037476 -
Journal of Microbiology and... May 2022The objective of this study was to optimize industrial-grade media for improving the biomass production of JW15 (JW15) using a statistical approach. Eleven variables...
The objective of this study was to optimize industrial-grade media for improving the biomass production of JW15 (JW15) using a statistical approach. Eleven variables comprising three carbon sources (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), three nitrogen sources (protease peptone, yeast extract, and soy peptone), and five mineral sources (KHPO, potassium citrate, L-cysteine phosphate, MgSO, and MnSO) were screened by using the Plackett-Burman design. Consequently, glucose, sucrose, and soy peptone were used as significant variables in response surface methodology (RSM). The composition of the optimal medium (OM) was 22.35 g/l glucose, 15.57 g/l sucrose, and 10.05 g/l soy peptone, 2.0 g/l KHPO, 5.0 g/l sodium acetate, 0.1 g/l MgSO·7HO, 0.05 g/l MnSO·HO, and 1.0 g/l Tween 80. The OM significantly improved the biomass production of JW15 over an established commercial medium (MRS). After fermenting OM, the dry cell weight of JW15 was 4.89 g/l, which was comparable to the predicted value (4.77 g/l), and 1.67 times higher than that of the MRS medium (3.02 g/l). Correspondingly, JW15 showed a rapid and increased production of lactic and acetic acid in the OM. To perform a scale-up validation, batch fermentation was executed in a 5-l bioreactor at 37°C with or without a pH control at 6.0 ± 0.1. The biomass production of JW15 significantly improved (1.98 times higher) under the pH control, and the cost of OM was reduced by two-thirds compared to that in the MRS medium. In conclusion, OM may be utilized for mass producing JW15 for industrial use.
Topics: Biomass; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Indicators and Reagents; Peptones; Probiotics; Sucrose; Weissella
PubMed: 35354766
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02020 -
PloS One 2019This study aimed to assess the renopreventive effect of enalapril and/or paricalcitol on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes-induced nephropathy and to elucidate their...
This study aimed to assess the renopreventive effect of enalapril and/or paricalcitol on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes-induced nephropathy and to elucidate their mechanisms of action through investigation of the effects on renal oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and expressions of TNF-α, p53, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Diabetes mellitus was induced in fasting male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg /kg b.w.) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Ten days after STZ injection, the diabetic rats were treated with enalapril (25 mg/l of drinking water) and/or paricalcitol (8 μg/kg b.w. per os) dissolved in 5% DMSO daily for 4 weeks. The obtained data revealed that the treatment of diabetic Wistar rats with enalapril and/or paricalcitol led to significant decreases in the elevated serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels; thereby reflecting the improvement of the impaired kidney function. The deteriorated kidney lipid peroxidation, GSH content and GST and catalase activities in diabetic rats were significantly ameliorated as a result of treatment with enalapril and/or paricalcitol. The elevated fasting and post-prandial serum glucose levels and the lowered serum insulin and C-peptide levels were also improved. The treatment with enalapril and paricalcitol in combination was the most potent in decreasing the elevated serum glucose levels. Moreover, the treatment of diabetic rats successfully prevented the diabetes-induced histopathological deleterious changes of kidney and islets of Langerhans of pancreas. In association, the immunohistochemically detected pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and apoptotic mediators, p53 and caspase-3, were remarkably decreased in kidney of diabetic rats as a result of treatment while the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that enalapril and paricalcitol alone or in combination can prevent STZ diabetes-induced nephropathy through amelioration of the glycemic state and antioxidant defense system together with the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. However, the treatment of diabetic rats with enalapril and paricalcitol in combination has no further significant improvement effects on renal function and damage when compared with enalapril or paclitaxel treated diabetic groups.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Enalapril; Ergocalciferols; Islets of Langerhans; Kidney; Male; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 31527864
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214349 -
Journal of Nephrology Nov 2022
Improved growth of a child with primary distal renal tubular acidosis after switching from a conventional alkalizing treatment to a new prolonged-release formulation containing potassium citrate and potassium bicarbonate: lessons for the clinical nephrologist.
Topics: Humans; Child; Potassium Citrate; Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Nephrologists; Bicarbonates; Potassium
PubMed: 35357683
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01306-z -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Mar 2022Consequences of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) on growth, bone and kidney, sometimes associated with hearing loss, may significantly affect quality of life (QoL)....
BACKGROUND
Consequences of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) on growth, bone and kidney, sometimes associated with hearing loss, may significantly affect quality of life (QoL). This descriptive qualitative study explores QoL linked to dRTA and gathers the impressions of patients with this rare disease (and caregivers) 5 years after enrolment in a clinical study, during which patients were treated with ADV7103, a prolonged-release granule formulation combining potassium citrate and potassium bicarbonate. Semi-structured, one-hour interviews with 6 adult and 13 paediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of dRTA and with parents of paediatric patients were performed using an interview guide. Qualitative analysis of anonymized interview transcripts based on grounded theory was conducted.
RESULTS
The main QoL domains impacted by dRTA and its treatment were education/work, social/family life, and emotional and physical well-being. ADV7103 (administered twice daily) was compared with the standard of care (SoC) taken before study entry (more than twice daily). Patients/parents reported that switching from previous SoC to ADV7103 had changed their lives: Difficulties at school due to burdensome administrative issues and need to explain disease and treatment affecting all families of paediatric patients (n = 13) disappeared, facilitating parents who had stopped working (to deal with their child's treatment) to return to work, Family functioning was improved (n = 18), as travel and holidays became easier to organise and patients/parents stopped thinking about managing treatment daily/nightly, reducing tension in the family or couple, The emotional burden of disease perceived was relieved (n = 12) in the absence of treatment-related invasive questions from others, Gastro-intestinal adverse events and taste problems improved with ADV7103 (n = 18) and better compliance led to milder physical impacts and less need to be hospitalised. The mean satisfaction score with ADV7103 compared to SoC was 9 out of 10 (10 = very satisfied). ADV7103 exceeded or met the expectations of 14 out of 17 patients that commented on that.
CONCLUSIONS
Qualitative interviews show that dRTA and its treatment have a significant impact on QoL of patients and parents and that ADV7103 helps improve daily-life and reduces treatment burden, resulting in greater overall satisfaction of the patients and their families. Trial registration EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT 2013-003828-36 on the 3rd of September 2013.
Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adult; Caregivers; Child; Humans; Parents; Qualitative Research; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35346296
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02294-w -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Nov 2022Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to encapsulate an array of enzymes in a rapid and facile manner; however, the stability of MOFs as supports for enzymes...
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to encapsulate an array of enzymes in a rapid and facile manner; however, the stability of MOFs as supports for enzymes has not been examined in detail. This study examines the stability of MOFs with different compositions (Fe-BTC, Co-TMA, Ni-TMA, Cu-TMA, and ZIF-zni) in buffered solutions commonly used in enzyme immobilization and biocatalysis. Stability was assessed via quantification of the release of metals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The buffers used had varied effects on different MOF supports, with incubation of all MOFs in buffers resulting in the release of metal ions to varying extents. Fe-BTC was completely dissolved in citrate, a buffer that has a profound destabilizing effect on all MOFs analyzed, precluding its use with MOFs. MOFs were more stable in acetate, potassium phosphate, and Tris HCl buffers. The results obtained provide a guide for the selection of an appropriate buffer with a particular MOF as a support for the immobilization of an enzyme. In addition, these results identify the requirement to develop methods of improving the stability of MOFs in aqueous solutions. The use of polymer coatings was evaluated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) providing an improved level of stability. Lipase was immobilized in Fe-BTC with PAA coating, resulting in a stable biocatalyst with retention of activity in comparison to the free enzyme.
Topics: Metal-Organic Frameworks; Enzymes, Immobilized; Biocatalysis; Lipase; Metals; Enzyme Stability
PubMed: 36286410
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01630 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Mar 2023Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study...
Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study was planned to find harmful effects on the reproductive system caused by Cr (VI) and the ameliorative effect of and -mediated AgNP on male mice (). In the present study, known infertility medicine, clomiphene citrate is also used as a positive control. The main objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative potential of oral administration of a dose of 50 mg/kg BW clomiphene citrate (control), AgNP via chemical synthesis, seed extract, and -mediated AgNP against the Cr (VI) at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg BW from KCrO orally induced toxicity over eight weeks on the reproductive performance of male albino mice. mediated AgNPs were characterized by UV, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The histological analysis, smear study, antioxidant capacity test, and hormone analysis were conducted by blood samples of albino mice. Cr exposed groups showed a significant decrease in sperm head breadth (5.29 ± 0.54 µ) and length (19.54 ± 1.18 µ), middle piece length, tail length, LH (1.65 ± 0.15 ng/mL), testosterone (2.63 ± 0.29 ng/mL), SOD (61.40 ± 2.48 mmol/mL), CAT (87.40 ± 6.01 mmol/mL), GSH (1.54 ± 0.09 µmol/mL), and no of spermatogonia (1.22 ± 0.25), and spermatocytes (2.33 ± 0.943). However, FSH level (160.00 ± 4.98 ng/mL), seminiferous tubule CSA (1094.69 ± 49.76 mm), size of spermatogonia (41.30 ± 1.24 µ), and spermatocytes (26.07 ± 1.34 µ) were significantly increased. Administration of and -mediated AgNPs reduced the toxicity.
PubMed: 36860759
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103570