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Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2023Urinary pH manipulation by therapeutic foods or supplements is part of the treatment for urolithiasis. The effectiveness of these diets and supplements should be studied...
BACKGROUND
Urinary pH manipulation by therapeutic foods or supplements is part of the treatment for urolithiasis. The effectiveness of these diets and supplements should be studied to determine which of these strategies is most effective.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of the oral supplementation of potassium citrate, an ammonium chloride solution (Urical) and two dry therapeutic foods-Hill's® Prescription Diet® u/d® Canine (u/d diet) and Royal Canin® Urinary S/O dog (S/O diet)-on a dog's urinary pH at different time points over 8 h.
ANIMALS
Seven healthy adult male research beagle dogs.
METHODS
A prospective interventional study lasting 31 days. The dogs either received a supplement (potassium citrate or rical) with a dry adult maintenance diet (control diet) or the therapeutic diet (u/d diet or S/O diet). Each treatment had a duration of 2-5 days, with 2- to 4-day washout periods in between. Urinary pH measurements were performed every 2 h between 07h00 and 15h00, with the food being given at 07h00 and 15h00, right after urine collection. The pH measurements obtained in each of the four treatments were compared to control (same dogs fed the control diet exclusively).
RESULTS
When compared to the control diet at the same time points, biologically relevant changes in urinary pH (defined as ≥0.5) were: increase with potassium citrate at 7h00 and 13h00; increase with u/d diet at 9h00, 13h00, and 15h00; decrease with S/O diet at 9h00 and 11h00; Urical did not have a detectable effect on urinary pH.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
The present study confirms that therapeutic foods S/O and u/d, and potassium citrate supplement affected acid-base balance in healthy adult male beagle dogs, with the tested diets being more effective than the administered doses of the tested supplements at influencing urinary pH.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Male; Potassium Citrate; Prospective Studies; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Diet; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37853984
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1285 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2022Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet enhances potassium intake and reduces sodium intake and blood pressure (BP), but the underlying...
BACKGROUND
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet enhances potassium intake and reduces sodium intake and blood pressure (BP), but the underlying metabolic pathways are unclear.
OBJECTIVES
Among free-living populations, we delineated metabolic signatures associated with the DASH diet adherence, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions, and the potential metabolic pathways involved.
METHODS
We used 24-hour urinary metabolic profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the metabolic signatures associated with the DASH dietary pattern score (DASH score) and 24-hour excretion of sodium and potassium among participants in the United States (n = 2164) and United Kingdom (n = 496) enrolled in the International Study of Macro- and Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). Multiple linear regression and cross-tabulation analyses were used to investigate the DASH-BP relation and its modulation by sodium and potassium. Potential pathways associated with DASH adherence, sodium and potassium excretion, and BP were identified using mediation analyses and metabolic reaction networks.
RESULTS
Adherence to the DASH diet was associated with urinary potassium excretion (correlation coefficient, r = 0.42; P < 0.0001). In multivariable regression analyses, a 5-point higher DASH score (range, 7 to 35) was associated with a lower systolic BP by 1.35 mmHg (95% CI, -1.95 to -0.80 mmHg; P = 1.2 × 10-5); control of the model for potassium but not sodium attenuated the DASH-BP relation. Two common metabolites (hippurate and citrate) mediated the potassium-BP and DASH-BP relationships, while 5 metabolites (succinate, alanine, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, 4-hydroxyhippurate, and phenylacetylglutamine) were found to be specific to the DASH-BP relation.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater adherence to the DASH diet is associated with lower BP and higher potassium intake across levels of sodium intake. The DASH diet recommends greater intake of fruits, vegetables, and other potassium-rich foods that may replace sodium-rich processed foods and thereby influence BP through overlapping metabolic pathways. Possible DASH-specific pathways are speculated but confirmation requires further study. INTERMAP is registered as NCT00005271 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Humans; Hypertension; Micronutrients; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 35285859
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac067 -
Conservation Physiology 2023Climate change is causing large declines in many Pacific salmon populations. In particular, warm rivers are associated with high levels of premature mortality in...
Climate change is causing large declines in many Pacific salmon populations. In particular, warm rivers are associated with high levels of premature mortality in migrating adults. The Fraser River watershed in British Columbia, Canada, supports some of the largest Chinook salmon () runs in the world. However, the Fraser River is warming at a rate that threatens these populations at critical freshwater life stages. A growing body of literature suggests salmonids are locally adapted to their thermal migratory experience, and thus, population-specific thermal performance information can aid in management decisions. We compared the thermal performance of pre-spawning adult Chinook salmon from two populations, a coastal fall-run from the Chilliwack River (125 km cooler migration) and an interior summer-run from the Shuswap River (565 km warmer migration). We acutely exposed fish to temperatures reflecting current (12°C, 18°C) and future projected temperatures (21°C, 24°C) in the Fraser River and assessed survival, aerobic capacity (resting and maximum metabolic rates, absolute aerobic scope (AAS), muscle and ventricle citrate synthase), anaerobic capacity (muscle and ventricle lactate dehydrogenase) and recovery capacity (post-exercise metabolism, blood physiology, tissue lactate). Chilliwack Chinook salmon performed worse at high temperatures, indicated by elevated mortality, reduced breadth in AAS, enhanced plasma lactate and potassium levels and elevated tissue lactate concentrations compared with Shuswap Chinook salmon. At water temperatures exceeding the upper pejus temperatures (T, defined here as 80% of maximum AAS) of Chilliwack (18.7°C) and Shuswap (20.2°C) Chinook salmon populations, physiological performance will decline and affect migration and survival to spawn. Our results reveal population differences in pre-spawning Chinook salmon performance across scales of biological organization at ecologically relevant temperatures. Given the rapid warming of rivers, we show that it is critical to consider the intra-specific variation in thermal physiology to assist in the conservation and management of Pacific salmon.
PubMed: 37152448
DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad022 -
Urology Case Reports Sep 2023Dent's disease is a rare cause of hypercalciuria and recurring urolithiasis. Patients with this disease have elevated bone resorption due to the presence of parathormone...
Dent's disease is a rare cause of hypercalciuria and recurring urolithiasis. Patients with this disease have elevated bone resorption due to the presence of parathormone (PTH) in the urine. We describe the case of a 21-year-old male with hypercalciuria, elevated bone resorption and recurring bilateral urolithiasis that achieves radiological and clinical stability with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and medical treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, potassium-citrate and phytate.
PubMed: 37719189
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102484 -
Journal of the American Society of... Jul 2019The pathophysiology of genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats parallels that of human idiopathic hypercalciuria. In this model, all animals form calcium phosphate...
BACKGROUND
The pathophysiology of genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats parallels that of human idiopathic hypercalciuria. In this model, all animals form calcium phosphate stones. We previously found that chlorthalidone, but not potassium citrate, decreased stone formation in these rats.
METHODS
To test whether chlorthalidone and potassium citrate combined would reduce calcium phosphate stone formation more than either medication alone, four groups of rats were fed a fixed amount of a normal calcium and phosphorus diet, supplemented with potassium chloride (as control), potassium citrate, chlorthalidone (with potassium chloride to equalize potassium intake), or potassium citrate plus chlorthalidone. We measured urine every 6 weeks and assessed stone formation and bone quality at 18 weeks.
RESULTS
Potassium citrate reduced urine calcium compared with controls, chlorthalidone reduced it further, and potassium citrate plus chlorthalidone reduced it even more. Chlorthalidone increased urine citrate and potassium citrate increased it even more; the combination did not increase it further. Potassium citrate, alone or with chlorthalidone, increased urine calcium phosphate supersaturation, but chlorthalidone did not. All control rats formed stones. Potassium citrate did not alter stone formation. No stones formed with chlorthalidone, and rats given potassium citrate plus chlorthalidone had some stones but fewer than controls. Rats given chlorthalidone with or without potassium citrate had higher bone mineral density and better mechanical properties than controls, whereas those given potassium citrate did not.
CONCLUSIONS
In genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats, chlorthalidone is superior to potassium citrate alone or combined with chlorthalidone in reducing calcium phosphate stone formation and improving bone quality.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Calcium Phosphates; Chlorthalidone; Hypercalciuria; Kidney Calculi; Male; Oxalates; Potassium Citrate; Rats
PubMed: 31101664
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2018101066 -
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2023With the increase in antibiotic resistance, the success rate of () eradication therapy has declined in recent years. Vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has been...
BACKGROUND
With the increase in antibiotic resistance, the success rate of () eradication therapy has declined in recent years. Vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has been reported to be a promising regimen.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the efficacy and safety of VA dual therapy and bismuth quadruple therapy containing amoxicillin and clarithromycin for first-line eradication, and to further analyze the effects of clarithromycin resistance on eradication rate.
DESIGN
This study was a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial.
METHODS
Treatment-naïve -infected patients were randomly allocated 1:1 to the VA group (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily, for 14 days) or the RBAC group (rabeprazole 10 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, for 14 days). clarithromycin resistance and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The eradication rates and adverse events were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 151 patients were enrolled. The intention-to-treat (ITT), modified intention-to-treat (mITT), and per-protocol (PP) eradication rates and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 94.6% (86.0-98.3%), 98.6% (91.3-99.9%), and 98.5% (90.9-99.9%) for VA group and 87.0% (77.0-93.3%), 91.8% (82.3-96.6%), and 93% (83.7-97.4%) for RBAC group. The eradication rate of the VA group was noninferior to the RBAC group in ITT, mITT, and PP analyses ( < 0.0001). In patients infected with strains of clarithromycin resistance point mutation, the eradication rate of the RBAC group decreased to lower than 90%, but the difference from the VA group did not achieve statistical significance (ITT eradication rate: 81.5% in the RBAC group and 96.2% in the VA group, = 0.192). The incidence of adverse events in the VA group was 39.2%, which was significantly lower than that in the RBAC group (79.2%, = 0.000).
CONCLUSION
The efficacy of VA dual therapy is noninferior to RBAC in first-line eradication, with fewer adverse reactions.
REGISTRATION
This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052550) on 30 October 2021.
PubMed: 37664169
DOI: 10.1177/17562848231190976 -
Journal of the American Society of... Nov 2022The urine metabolites and chemistries that contribute to kidney stone formation are not fully understood. This study examined differences between the urine metabolic and...
BACKGROUND
The urine metabolites and chemistries that contribute to kidney stone formation are not fully understood. This study examined differences between the urine metabolic and chemistries profiles of first-time stone formers and controls.
METHODS
High-resolution H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis was performed in 24-hour urine samples from a prospective cohort of 418 first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers and 440 controls. In total, 48 NMR-quantified metabolites in addition to 12 standard urine chemistries were assayed. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the association of stone former status with urine metabolites or chemistries after adjusting for age and sex and correcting for the false discovery rate. Gradient-boosted machine methods with nested cross-validation were applied to predict stone former status.
RESULTS
Among the standard urine chemistries, stone formers had lower urine oxalate and potassium and higher urine calcium, phosphate, and creatinine. Among NMR urine metabolites, stone formers had lower hippuric acid, trigonelline, 2-furoylglycine, imidazole, and citrate and higher creatine and alanine. A cross-validated model using urine chemistries, age, and sex yielded a mean AUC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.79). A cross-validated model using urine chemistries, NMR-quantified metabolites, age, and sex did not meaningfully improve the discrimination (mean AUC, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.81). In this combined model, among the top ten discriminating features, four were urine chemistries and six NMR-quantified metabolites.
CONCLUSIONS
Although NMR-quantified metabolites did not improve discrimination, several urine metabolic profiles were identified that may improve understanding of kidney stone pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Kidney Calculi; Citric Acid; Citrates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 36316097
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2022040416 -
Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation :... Oct 2022One limitation of the use of 24-hour collection is impracticality. We analysed the performance of spot urine measurements to estimate 24-hour excretion in patients with...
BACKGROUND
One limitation of the use of 24-hour collection is impracticality. We analysed the performance of spot urine measurements to estimate 24-hour excretion in patients with kidney stones.
METHODS
A total of 74 adult patients from two centres performed a 24-hour urine collection. A sample of the last micturition was sent for spot urine analysis. Twenty patients were asked to collect two additional spot urine samples, one before dinner and the other after dinner. Urinary concentrations of creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and magnesium were measured in the 24-hour and each of the spot urine samples. Four approaches were used to estimate 24-hour urinary excretion, multiplying the ratio of the spot urinary analyte to creatinine concentration by (i) measured 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 1), (ii) estimated 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 2), (iii) assumed 1-g 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 3) or (iv) assumed 1.5-g 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 4). For each parameter we computed Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs), Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement.
RESULTS
The performance of estimates obtained with Prediction 1 and Prediction 2 was similar, except for citrate and uric acid, for which Prediction 2 performed worse. Both approaches performed moderately well: citrate CCC {0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.90]}, oxalate [0.66 (95% CI 0.55-0.78)], magnesium [0.66 (95% CI 0.54-0.77)], calcium [0.63 (95% CI 0.50-0.75)] and uric acid [0.52 (95% CI 0.36-0.68)]. The performance of Predictions 3 and 4 was worse.
CONCLUSIONS
Although spot urine samples may hold promise for clinical and population-based research, at present they have limited utility in clinical practice. Measuring or estimating 24-hour creatinine, rather than assuming a given creatinine excretion, will be necessary in future studies of spot urine samples.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Creatinine; Magnesium; Calcium; Uric Acid; Kidney Calculi; Oxalates; Citrates; Calcium, Dietary; Citric Acid
PubMed: 35146503
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab306 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... May 2021The crystal structure of dilithium potassium citrate monohydrate, Li·2K·CHO ·HO or LiKCHO·HO, has been solved by direct methods and refined against laboratory X-ray...
The crystal structure of dilithium potassium citrate monohydrate, Li·2K·CHO ·HO or LiKCHO·HO, has been solved by direct methods and refined against laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The complete citrate trianion is generated by a crystallographic mirror plane, with two C and three O atoms lying on the reflecting plane, and chelates to three different K cations. The KO and LiO coordination polyhedra share edges and corners to form layers lying parallel to the plane. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs between the hydroxyl group and the central carboxyl-ate group of the citrate anion as well as a charge-assisted inter-molecular O-H⋯O link between the water mol-ecule and the terminal carboxyl-ate group. There is also a weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bond.
PubMed: 34026253
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021003339 -
Membranes Feb 2022Wearable supercapacitors based on carbon materials have been emerging as an advanced technology for next-generation portable electronic devices with high performance....
Wearable supercapacitors based on carbon materials have been emerging as an advanced technology for next-generation portable electronic devices with high performance. However, the application of these devices cannot be realized unless suitable flexible power sources are developed. Here, an effective electrospinning method was used to prepare the one-dimensional (1D) and nano-scale carbon fiber membrane based on potassium citrate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which exhibited potential applications in supercapacitors. The chemical and physical properties of carbon nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller method. The fabricated carbon nanofiber membrane illustrates a high specific capacitance of 404 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The good electrochemical properties could be attributed to the small diameter and large specific surface area, which promoted a high capacity.
PubMed: 35323748
DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030272