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European Cells & Materials Mar 2021The aim of this scoping review was to summarise current knowledge about the effects of bone anabolic drugs on periodontitis, in order to identify new therapeutic... (Review)
Review
The aim of this scoping review was to summarise current knowledge about the effects of bone anabolic drugs on periodontitis, in order to identify new therapeutic strategies for preventing disease progression and reducing tooth loss. A technical expert panel (TEP) was established of 11 medical specialists, including periodontists and bone specialists that followed the PRISMA-ScR model to perform the scoping review and considered for eligibility both pre-clinical and clinical studies published in the English language up to September 2020. 716 items were initially found. After duplicate removal and screening of articles for eligibility criteria, 25 articles published between 2001 and 2019 were selected. Only studies concerning teriparatide, strontium ranelate, sclerostin antibodies and DKK1 antibodies met the eligibility criteria. In particular, only for teriparatide were there both clinical studies and experimental studies available, while for other bone anabolic drugs only animal studies were found. Available evidence about the use of bone anabolic drugs in periodontology demonstrates beneficial effects of these agents on biological pathways and histological parameters involved in periodontal tissue regeneration that suggest relevant clinical implications for the management of periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Humans; Periodontitis; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 33733451
DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v041a20 -
Viruses Feb 2021Mushrooms are used in their natural form as a food supplement and food additive. In addition, several bioactive compounds beneficial for human health have been derived... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms are used in their natural form as a food supplement and food additive. In addition, several bioactive compounds beneficial for human health have been derived from mushrooms. Among them, polysaccharides, carbohydrate-binding protein, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polyphenols, triterpenes, triterpenoids, and several other compounds exert antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Their antiviral targets were mostly virus entry, viral genome replication, viral proteins, and cellular proteins and influenced immune modulation, which was evaluated through pre-, simultaneous-, co-, and post-treatment in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, they treated and relieved the viral diseases caused by herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some mushroom compounds that act against HIV, influenza A virus, and hepatitis C virus showed antiviral effects comparable to those of antiviral drugs. Therefore, bioactive compounds from mushrooms could be candidates for treating viral infections.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Plant Extracts; Virus Diseases; Virus Replication; Viruses
PubMed: 33672228
DOI: 10.3390/v13020350 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2020Nerium oleander L., commonly known as oleander, is a toxic shrub and also a medicinal plant. All parts of oleander are rich in cardiac glycosides that inhibits... (Review)
Review
Nerium oleander L., commonly known as oleander, is a toxic shrub and also a medicinal plant. All parts of oleander are rich in cardiac glycosides that inhibits Na/K-ATPase and induce inotropic effect on the cardiomyocytes. Several pre-clinical and clinical reports indicate acute toxicity due to intentional, accidental and suicidal oleander consumption. Contrarily, oleander is used for the treatment of diverse ailments in traditional medicinal practices around the globe and several evidence-based pre-clinical studies indicated metabolic and immunological health benefits of polyphenol-rich oleander extracts. Thus, the current review aims to address this pharmaco-toxicological conundrum of oleander by addressing the possible role of gut microflora in the differential oleander toxicity. Additionally, a comprehensive account of ethnopharmacological usage, metabolic and immunological health benefits has been documented that supplement the conflicting arguments of pharmaco-toxicological properties of oleander. Finally, by addressing the gap of knowledge of ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological reports of oleander, the current review is expected to pave the way to address the differential pharmaco-toxicological effects of oleander.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biotransformation; Ethnopharmacology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Nerium; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 32563990
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110422 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022is well-known for its numerous therapeutic activities, as demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies primarily due to its bioactive compounds. The industry is... (Review)
Review
is well-known for its numerous therapeutic activities, as demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies primarily due to its bioactive compounds. The industry is rapidly growing; therefore, product development and extraction methods have become crucial aspects of research. The evaluation of the current extraction methods implemented in the industry and scientific literature to produce consistent, reliable, and potent medicinal extracts is prudent. Furthermore, these processes must be subjected to higher levels of scientific stringency, as has been increasingly used for various ailments, and the industry is receiving acceptance in different countries. We comprehensively analysed the current literature and drew a critical summary of the extraction methods implemented thus far to recover bioactive compounds from medicinal . Moreover, this review outlines the major bioactive compounds in , discusses critical factors affecting extraction yields, and proposes future considerations for the effective extraction of bioactive compounds from . Overall, research on medicinal marijuana is limited, with most reports on the industrial hemp variety of or pure isolates. We also propose the development of sustainable extraction methods through the implementation of mathematical prediction models in future studies.
Topics: Cannabinoids; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Medical Marijuana; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35163863
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030604 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2021We have been conducting research with the aim of generating evidence for the safety of perinatal drugs. As a result of reviewing the records of inquiries to the Drug... (Review)
Review
We have been conducting research with the aim of generating evidence for the safety of perinatal drugs. As a result of reviewing the records of inquiries to the Drug Information Office of our hospital, we found a large discrepancy between the description of perinatal drugs in package inserts in Japan and the description of the Pregnancy Risk Category according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), we determined the proportion of drug and supplement use among 97464 pregnant women. We clarified that prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs for pregnant women increased during the second half of pregnancy, while prescriptions of anti-epileptic and anti-anxiety drugs decreased after pregnancy using a claims database. A survey of pharmacists and pharmacy students revealed a lack of awareness of effective folic acid intake to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in infants. The percentage of pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation among pregnant women participating in the Babies and their Parents' Longitudinal Observation in Suzuki Memorial Hospital on Intrauterine Period (BOSHI) study, the JECS, and the Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) Birth and Three-Generation (BirThree) cohort study was 6.3-18.0%. As a result of close examination of the records of inquiries to the Drug Information Office of our hospital, and of cases in which our lactation plan sheet was applied, it was found that there were discrepancies between the information on the drug package insert and the information on Medications & Mother's Milk, etc. in Japan. The results obtained have been clinically applied in daily practice and we are continuing our research while taking measures.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Awareness; Breast Feeding; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Drug Information Services; Drug Labeling; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Neural Tube Defects; Pharmacists; Pregnancy; Prescription Drugs; Safety; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 33790112
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00184 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Nov 2023Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that share the capacity to adsorb at the boundary between distinct phases of matter. They are used as pharmaceutical... (Review)
Review
Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that share the capacity to adsorb at the boundary between distinct phases of matter. They are used as pharmaceutical excipients, food additives, emulsifiers in cosmetics, and as household/industrial detergents. This review outlines the interaction of surfactant-type excipients present in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms with the intestinal epithelium of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Many surfactants permitted for human consumption in oral products reduce intestinal epithelial cell viability in vitro and alter barrier integrity in epithelial cell monolayers, isolated GI tissue mucosae, and in animal models. This suggests a degree of mis-match for predicting safety issues in humans from such models. Recent controversial preclinical research also infers that some widely used emulsifiers used in oral products may be linked to ulcerative colitis, some metabolic disorders, and cancers. We review a wide range of surfactant excipients in oral dosage forms regarding their interactions with the GI tract. Safety data is reviewed across in vitro, ex vivo, pre-clinical animal, and human studies. The factors that may mitigate against some of the potentially abrasive effects of surfactants on GI epithelia observed in pre-clinical studies are summarised. We conclude with a perspective on the overall safety of surfactants in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms, which has relevance for delivery system development.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Excipients; Drug Compounding; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Intestines; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 37739041
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115086 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jan 2023Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology with great potential in pharmaceutical applications, providing innovative solutions for both patients and... (Review)
Review
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology with great potential in pharmaceutical applications, providing innovative solutions for both patients and pharmaceutical industry. This technology offers precise construction of the structure of dosage forms and can benefit drug product design by providing versatile release modes to meet clinical needs and facilitating patient-centric treatment, such as personalized dosing, accommodate treatment of specific disease states or patient populations. Utilization of 3D printing also facilitates digital drug product development and manufacturing. Development of 3D printing at early clinical stages and commercial scale pharmaceutical manufacturing has substantially advanced in recent years. In this review, we discuss how 3D printing accelerates early-stage drug development, including pre-clinical research and early phase human studies, and facilitates late-stage product manufacturing as well as how the technology can benefit patients. The advantages, current status, and challenges of employing 3D printing in large scale manufacturing and personalized dosing are introduced respectively. The considerations and efforts of regulatory agencies to address 3D printing technology are also discussed.
Topics: Humans; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Drug Industry; Drug Delivery Systems; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36509225
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122480 -
Acta Biomaterialia Feb 2023Pancreatic cancer is one of the harshest and most challenging cancers to treat, often labeled as incurable. Chemotherapy continues to be the most popular treatment yet... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic cancer is one of the harshest and most challenging cancers to treat, often labeled as incurable. Chemotherapy continues to be the most popular treatment yet yields a very poor prognosis. The main barriers such as inefficient drug penetration and drug resistance, have led to the development of drug carrier systems. The benefits, ease of fabrication and modification of liposomes render them as ideal future drug delivery systems. This review delves into the versatility of liposomes to achieve various mechanisms of treatment for pancreatic cancer. Not only are there benefits of loading chemotherapy drugs and targeting agents onto liposomes, as well as mRNA combined therapy, but liposomes have also been exploited for immunotherapy and can be programmed to respond to photothermal therapy. Multifunctional liposomal formulations have demonstrated significant pre-clinical success. Functionalising drug-encapsulated liposomes has resulted in triggered drug release, specific targeting, and remodeling of the tumor environment. Suppressing tumor progression has been achieved, due to their ability to more efficiently and precisely deliver chemotherapy. Currently, no multifunctional surface-modified liposomes are clinically approved for pancreatic cancer thus we aim to shed light on the trials and tribulations and progress so far, with the hope for liposomal therapy in the future and improved patient outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Considering that conventional treatments for pancreatic cancer are highly associated with sub-optimal performance and systemic toxicity, the development of novel therapeutic strategies holds outmost relevance for pancreatic cancer management. Liposomes are being increasingly considered as promising nanocarriers for providing not only an early diagnosis but also effective, highly specific, and safer treatment, improving overall patient outcome. This manuscript is the first in the last 10 years that revises the advances in the application of liposome-based formulations in bioimaging, chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, combination therapies, and emergent therapies for pancreatic cancer management. Prospective insights are provided regarding several advantages resulting from the use of liposome technology in precision strategies, fostering new ideas for next-generation diagnosis and targeted therapies of pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Humans; Liposomes; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Carriers; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 36521673
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.013 -
Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the... Aug 2023Cancer cachexia is a severe systemic wasting disease that negatively affects quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. To date, treating cancer cachexia is...
Cancer cachexia is a severe systemic wasting disease that negatively affects quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. To date, treating cancer cachexia is still a major unmet clinical need. We recently discovered the destabilization of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in adipose tissue as a key event in cachexia-related adipose tissue dysfunction and developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approach to prevent AMPK degradation and prolong cachexia-free survival. Here, we show the development and optimization of a prototypic peptide, Pen-X-ACIP, where the AMPK-stabilizing peptide ACIP is fused to the cell-penetrating peptide moiety penetratin via a propargylic glycine linker to enable late-stage functionalization using click chemistry. Pen-X-ACIP was efficiently taken up by adipocytes, inhibited lipolysis, and restored AMPK signaling. Tissue uptake assays showed a favorable uptake profile into adipose tissue upon intraperitoneal injection. Systemic delivery of Pen-X-ACIP into tumor-bearing animals prevented the progression of cancer cachexia without affecting tumor growth and preserved body weight and adipose tissue mass with no discernable side effects in other peripheral organs, thereby achieving proof of concept. As Pen-X-ACIP also exerted its anti-lipolytic activity in human adipocytes, it now provides a promising platform for further (pre)clinical development toward a novel, first-in-class approach against cancer cachexia.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Adipose Tissue; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cachexia; Neoplasms; Peptides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37408309
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.020 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022All pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, cosmetic products, and many medical breakthroughs must first be approved through clinical research and trials before advancing to... (Review)
Review
All pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, cosmetic products, and many medical breakthroughs must first be approved through clinical research and trials before advancing to standard practice or entering the marketplace. Clinical trials are sets of tests that are required to determine the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, drugs, and treatments. There is one pre-phase and four main clinical phase requirements that every drug must pass to obtain final approval. Analytical techniques play a unique role in clinical trials for measuring the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in biological matrices and monitoring the conditions of patients (or volunteers) during various clinical phases. This review focuses on recent analytical methods that are employed to determine the concentrations of drugs and medications in biological matrices, including whole blood, plasma, urine, and breast milk. Four primary analytical techniques (extraction, spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrochemical) are discussed, and their advantages and limitations are assessed. Subsequent to a survey of evidence and results, it is clear that microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based electrochemical sensor and biosensor technologies exhibit several notable advantages over other analytical methods, and their future prospects are discussed.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Clinical Trials as Topic; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 35214505
DOI: 10.3390/s22041592