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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the fastest growing health challenging, a non-communicable disease result of the XXI century lifestyle. Given its growing... (Review)
Review
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the fastest growing health challenging, a non-communicable disease result of the XXI century lifestyle. Given its growing incidence and prevalence, it became increasingly imperative to develop new technologies and implement new biomarkers for early diagnosis in order to promote lifestyle changes and thus cause a setback of the disease. Promising biomarkers have been identified as predictive of T2D development; however, none of them have yet been implemented in clinical practice routine. Moreover, many prediabetic biomarkers can also represent potential therapeutical targets in disease management. Previous studies have identified the most popular biomarkers, which are being thoroughly investigated. However, there are some biomarkers with promising preliminary results with limited associated studies; hence there is still much to be understood about its mechanisms and associations in T2D pathophysiology. This work identifies and discusses the promising results of Galectin-3, Ophthalmate and Fetuin-A.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 35321333
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.805837 -
Epidemiology and Health 2020To investigate lifestyle-related predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in young adults aged 20-39 years using data from the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate lifestyle-related predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in young adults aged 20-39 years using data from the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
This study is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis using the KNHANES data. Participants were classified into normal group (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] <100 mg/dL and/or hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] <5.7%), prediabetes group (FPG 100-125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), and diabetes group (FPG ≥126 mg/dL and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
RESULTS
Out of 4,190 participants, 27.7% of men and 16.3% of women were in the prediabetes group and 1.4% of men and 1.3% of women were in the diabetes group. Logistic regression confirmed that age and obesity are predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in both men and women. Additionally low physical activity and low education level are predictors of prediabetes in men and women, respectively (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study has found that age and increased obesity are predictors of elevated blood glucose in young men and women in their 20s and 30s. A strategy to lower obesity by promoting physical activity in men in their 30s is essential to prevent metabolic syndrome and progression to prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Prediabetic State; Republic of Korea; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32192277
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020014 -
Nutrients May 2024This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy... (Review)
Review
Do Precision and Personalised Nutrition Interventions Improve Risk Factors in Adults with Prediabetes or Metabolic Syndrome? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.
This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy (MNT), in improving outcomes related to glycaemic control (HbA1c, post-prandial glucose [PPG], and fasting blood glucose), anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference [WC]), blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), and dietary intake among adults with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Six databases were systematically searched (Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to 16 April 2023. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. Seven RCTs ( = 873), comprising five PPN and two MNT interventions, lasting 3-24 months were included. Consistent and significant improvements favouring PPN and MNT interventions were reported across studies that examined outcomes like HbA1c, PPG, and waist circumference. Results for other measures, including fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, blood lipids, BP, and diet, were inconsistent. Longer, more frequent interventions yielded greater improvements, especially for HbA1c and WC. However, more research in studies with larger sample sizes and standardised PPN definitions is needed. Future studies should also investigate combining MNT with contemporary PPN factors, including genetic, epigenetic, metabolomic, and metagenomic data.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Blood Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Therapy; Precision Medicine; Prediabetic State; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Waist Circumference; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38794717
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101479 -
Primary Care Diabetes Feb 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32958435
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.09.002 -
PloS One 2023This study aims to comprehensively review the existing evidence and conduct analysis of updated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of turmeric (Curcuma longa, CL) and... (Review)
Review
AIMS
This study aims to comprehensively review the existing evidence and conduct analysis of updated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of turmeric (Curcuma longa, CL) and its related bioactive compounds on glycemic and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) together with a sub-group analysis of different CL preparation forms.
METHODS
An umbrella review (UR) and updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) were conducted to evaluate the effects of CL compared with a placebo/standard treatment in adult T2DM, prediabetes, and MetS. The MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to September 2022. The primary efficacy outcomes were hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The corrected covered area (CCA) was used to assess overlap. Mean differences were pooled across individual RCTs using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed for various CL preparation forms.
RESULTS
Fourteen SRMAs of 61 individual RCTs were included in the UR. The updated SRMA included 28 studies. The CCA was 11.54%, indicating high overlap across SRMAs. The updated SRMA revealed significant reduction in FBG and HbA1C with CL supplementation, obtaining a mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) of -8.129 (-12.175, -4.084) mg/dL and -0.134 (-0.304, -0.037) %, respectively. FBG and HbA1C levels decreased with all CL preparation forms as did other metabolic parameters levels. The results of the sensitivity and subgroup analyses were consistent with those of the main analysis.
CONCLUSION
CL supplementation can significantly reduce FBG and HbA1C levels and other metabolic parameters in T2DM and mitigate related conditions, including prediabetes and MetS.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42016042131).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Glucose; Curcuma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Glycated Hemoglobin; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37471428
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288997 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2023The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed...
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors.
METHODS
Male patients, older than 50 years, attended their first dental visit to the School of Dentistry for a period of two years, and it was proposed to evaluate undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal, biochemical, microbiological examinations, nutritional profile, and physical activity were performed.
RESULTS
A total of 106 patients were examined, 6 (5.6%) had diabetes, and 37 (34.9%) had prediabetes without prior diagnosis. The severity of periodontitis was greater in patients with diabetes. Most of the patients were overweight and had increased systolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes and periodontitis had a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Tannerella forsythia was present in more patients with periodontitis, and the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is practically absent in groups with periodontitis, except for the group with diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS
In the population studied, the prevalence of patients without a diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was very high and underestimated. The increased severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes and in conjunction with the high level of cortisol seen in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes, emphasize the dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
It is essential to add all this data to our dental practice to cover patient health with a broader landscape.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prevalence; Periodontitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36948381
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104480 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Apr 2022Prediabetes is often considered as the link between normoglycaemia and diabetes. Though a lot of emphasis is given to an individual after the development of diabetes,...
Prediabetes is often considered as the link between normoglycaemia and diabetes. Though a lot of emphasis is given to an individual after the development of diabetes, pre-diabetes is often not adequately addressed in clinical practice. Given a distinct diagnostic criterion, its association with metabolic complications, an opportunity to prevent further progression to diabetes and the large number of people affected with it, makes it a subject of great importance and opportunity. In this brief manuscript we compare and contrast prediabetes with diabetes mellitus. We also describe a pragmatic approach to address a patient with prediabetes.
Topics: Counseling; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mentoring; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 35614621
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.22-29 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2022Prediabetes consists of the intermediary stage between normal glucose regulation and overt diabetes mellitus and develops when blood glucose levels are higher than... (Review)
Review
Prediabetes consists of the intermediary stage between normal glucose regulation and overt diabetes mellitus and develops when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to confirm a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis (T2DM). Recent evidence suggests that probiotics could be promising approaches to improve this state. In this study, we performed a systematic review to compile the results of clinical trials investigating the effects of pro-/pre-/synbiotics on prediabetes subjects from 2010 to 2020. The article search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, ProQuest, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Search filters were developed using 2 parameters: "prestate diabetes" and "probiotics." Of the 418 studies that were screened, 15 original articles reached the inclusion criteria. Pooling data from these trials showed positive and significant effects of probiotics in the reduction of hyperglycemia, insulin concentration levels, lipid profile, and BMI (Body mass index). Administration of probiotics may provide beneficial and healthful effects in the clinical management of patients with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Different probiotics compositions have shown beneficial and noticeable effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, BMI, and inflammatory markers in subjects with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and healthy individuals and could be advantageous in recomposing the gut microbiota back into the normal state during the prediabetic state.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulins; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Probiotics
PubMed: 36160290
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5963679 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023The notion of prediabetes, defined by the ADA as glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.7-6.4%, implies increased vascular inflammatory and immunologic processes and...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The notion of prediabetes, defined by the ADA as glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.7-6.4%, implies increased vascular inflammatory and immunologic processes and higher risk for developing diabetes mellitus and major cardiovascular events. We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with rapid progression of normal and prediabetes patients to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS
Retrospective cohort study in a single 8-hospital health system in southeast Michigan, between 2006 and 2020. All patients with HbA1c <6.5% at baseline and at least 2 other HbA1c measurements were clustered in five trajectories encompassing more than 95% of the study population. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association of demographic and comorbidities with HbA1c trajectories progressing to diabetes.
RESULTS
A total of 5,347 prediabetic patients were clustered based on their HbA1c progression (C1: 4,853, C2: 253, C66: 102, C12: 85, C68: 54). The largest cluster (C1) had a baseline median HbA1c value of 6.0% and exhibited stable HbA1c levels in prediabetic range across all subsequent years. The smallest cluster (C68) had the lowest median baseline HbA1c value and also remained stable across subsequent years. The proportion of normal HbA1c in each of the pre-diabetic trajectories ranged from 0 to 12.7%, whereas 81.5% of the reference cluster (C68) were normal HbA1c at baseline. The C2 (steady rising) trajectory was significantly associated with BMI (adj OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.17), and family history of DM (adj OR 2.75, 95%CI 1.32-5.74). With respect to the late rising trajectories, baseline BMI was significantly associated with both C66 and C12 trajectory (adj OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.18) and (adj OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.05-1.23) respectively, whereas, the C12 trajectory was also significantly associated with age (adj OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.04-2.53) and history of MACE (adj OR 3.20, 95%CI 1.14-8.93).
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that perhaps a more aggressive preventative approach should be considered in patients with a family history of T2DM who have high BMI and year-to-year increase in HbA1c, whether they have normal hemoglobin A1c or they have prediabetes.KEY MESSAGESProgression to diabetes from normal or prediabetic hemoglobin A1c within four years is associated with baseline BMI.A steady rise in HbA1c during a four-year period is associated with age and family history of T2DM, whereas age and personal history of MACE are associated with a rapid rise in HbA1c.A more aggressive preventative approach should be considered in patients with a family history of T2DM who have high BMI and year-to-year increase in HbA1c.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Prediabetic State; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36621941
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2164347 -
PloS One 2022The main purpose of this study was to investigate the pooled prevalence of prediabetes and type-2 diabetes in the general population of Malaysia. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the pooled prevalence of prediabetes and type-2 diabetes in the general population of Malaysia.
METHOD
We systematically searched Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Malaysian Journals Online to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 1995, and November 30, 2021, on the prevalence of type-2 diabetes in Malaysia. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to obtain the pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. Subgroup analyses also used to analyze to the potential sources of heterogeneity. Meta- regression was carried to assess associations between study characteristics and diabetes prevalence. Three independent authors selected studies and conducted the quality assessment. The quality of the final evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
RESULTS
Of 2689 potentially relevant studies, 786 titles and abstract were screened. Fifteen studies with 103063 individuals were eligible to be included in the meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was 14.39% (95% CI, 12.51%-16.38%; I2 = 98.4%, 103063 participants from 15 studies). The pooled prevalence of prediabetes was 11.62% (95% CI, 7.17%-16.97%; I2 = 99.8, 88702 participants from 9 studies). The subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in diabetes prevalence by the ethical sub-populations with highest in Indians (25.10%; 95% CI, 20.19%-30.35%), followed by Malays (15.25%; 95% CI, 11.59%-19.29%), Chinese (12.87%; 95% CI, 9.73%-16.37%), Bumiputeras (8.62%; 95% CI, 5.41%-12.47%) and others (6.91%; 95% CI, 5.71%-8.19%). There was no evidence of publication bias, although heterogeneity was high (I2 ranged from 0.00% to 99·8%). The quality of evidence based on GRADE was low.
CONCLUSIONS
Results of this study suggest that a high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in Malaysia. The diabetes prevalence is associated with time period and increasing age. The Malaysian government should develop a comprehensive approach and strategy to enhance diabetes awareness, control, prevention, and treatment.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial registration no. PROSPERO CRD42021255894; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Malaysia; Prediabetic State; Prevalence
PubMed: 35085366
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263139