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Chinese Journal of Traumatology =... Jul 2022Common peroneal nerve palsy is quite disabling and every effort should be made to prevent its injury during the treatment. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Common peroneal nerve palsy is quite disabling and every effort should be made to prevent its injury during the treatment.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 7 cases of tibial plateau fractures in association with proximal fibula fracture from January 2019 to September 2019 who presented to emergency room of our hospital.
RESULTS
In addition to fibular neck fracture, the first case had type 6 tibial plateau displaced fracture and the second case had displaced acetabular fracture with instability of knee with tibial tuberosity avulsion. common peroneal nerve palsy developed following application of distal tibial skeletal traction in both the cases. Other 6 such cases remained neurologically intact as traction was not applied to them.
CONCLUSION
Such iatrogenic complication could have been prevented if the injury pattern of "concomitant medial and lateral columns" of the proximal leg is kept in mind by the treating surgeon before applying skeletal traction.
Topics: Fibula; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Knee Injuries; Paralysis; Retrospective Studies; Tibial Fractures
PubMed: 34330596
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.06.005 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2020In Ethiopia malaria is one of the top ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Community knowledge of prevention and control methods had been proven to play an...
BACKGROUND
In Ethiopia malaria is one of the top ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Community knowledge of prevention and control methods had been proven to play an important role in the implementation of effective and sustainable interventions against malaria. This information is limited in the study area. This study aimed to assess knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods and its associated factors among households in West Belessa district, 2019.
METHODS
Community-based cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative study was conducted from April to June 2019 in West Belessa district, North West Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to select an estimated 770 sample size. A structured questionnaire was used for the quantitative component and semi-structured questionnaire for the qualitative component. Quantitative data were collected by interviewing and qualitative data using focus group discussion (FGD). Quantitative data was coded and entered using Epi info software version 7 then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated factors. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association. The qualitative data was transcribed manually using the thematic approach.
RESULT
A total of 770 subjects were included in this study with a 99.5% response rate. Of the total respondents, 75.6% had good knowledge of malaria prevention methods. LLINs and IRS were mentioned by 84.7 and 83.7% respectively. Poorest wealth quintiles [AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.73], poor wealth quintiles [AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70], and medium wealth quintiles [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.76], living in Menti Kebele [AOR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.85, 5.08], living in Abay tera kebele [AOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.21, 3.29] were significantly associated with good knowledge. About all of the focused group discussion (FGD) participants agreed that malaria is a preventable disease and mentioned some of the preventive methods.
CONCLUSION
Overall there was relatively high knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods. LLINs and IRS were known malaria prevention methods in West Belessa. Wealth index and respondents living kebele are predictors for knowledge of malaria prevention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32838768
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09332-x -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Measles, though usually self-limiting, can have severe consequences influenced by factors such as vaccination and nutrition, notably vitamin A deficiency and...
INTRODUCTION
Measles, though usually self-limiting, can have severe consequences influenced by factors such as vaccination and nutrition, notably vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition. Despite progress, contextual changes and implementation issues have hampered efforts, resulting in increased outbreaks and cases of measles. This study seeks to pinpoint outbreak features, risk factors, and strategies for preventing and controlling measles.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study and a 1:2 unmatched case-control study design were employed. All 101 suspected measles cases listed on the line-list were included in the descriptive research, with 60 measles patients and 120 controls included in the case-control investigation. Line-list data were cleaned and analyzed using a pivot table in Microsoft Excel 2016. Subsequently, the data were cleaned, entered into Epi Info 7.2, and exported to SPSS 26 for analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty cases occurred per 10,000 individuals. Men accounted for 67.3% of cases, with ages ranging from 5 months to 45 years and mean and standard deviations of 9.6 and 7.6, respectively. Age group of 5-14 years comprised 57.4% of cases, followed by 1-4 years with 24.8%. Being unvaccinated against measles showed an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 12.06 (95% CI: 3.12-46.52). Travel history to regions with active cases had an AOR of 5.73 (95% CI: 1.78-18.38). Contact with a measles patient showed an AOR of 10.3 (95% CI: 3.48-30.5). Understanding the measles transmission mechanism had an AOR of 0.164 (95% CI: 0.049-0.55), and awareness of the disease's preventability had an AOR of 0.233 (95% CI: 0.67-0.811). All factors were independently associated with the illness.
CONCLUSION
This outbreak affected a broader age range with a high attack rate, mainly in the age group of 5-14-years. Over 35% of cases lacked measles vaccination, indicating low administrative vaccine coverage. Factors contributing to the outbreak include lack of measles vaccination, travel to areas with active disease, contact with cases, and insufficient knowledge of measles transmission and prevention strategies among mothers and caregivers.
Topics: Humans; Measles; Ethiopia; Disease Outbreaks; Male; Female; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Case-Control Studies; Infant; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Young Adult; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 38756880
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1330205 -
Medicine Jan 2022Safeguarding children and adolescents from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With them staying more at home during the...
BACKGROUND
Safeguarding children and adolescents from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With them staying more at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, more educational tools and valid educational programs are warranted to improve parental knowledge and awareness about childhood and adolescences' safety. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of childhood and adolescence safety campaigns on parents' knowledge and attitude toward preventable injuries.
METHODS
This was a pre-post experimental study, in which the predesigned assessments were used as an evaluation tool before and after attending a childhood and adolescence safety campaign. The pre-post assessment question included questions to evaluate the socio-demographic status, followed by knowledge questions in line with the current childhood and adolescence safety campaign. The outcomes of interest were assessed before and after attending the campaign's stations.
RESULTS
Three hundred eight parents volunteered to participate in this study. Their knowledge score improved from 36.2 [standard deviation (SD) 17.7] to 79.3 (SD 15.6) after attending the Campaign (t value = 34.6, P < .001). Both, perceptions on the preventability of accidents and the parents' perceived usefulness of educational campaigns showed improvements, with (t value = 6.3, P < .001) and (t value = 3.097, P < .001), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The educational childhood and adolescence safety campaign for caregivers in Saudi Arabia resulted in a significant increase in the overall knowledge and attitudes toward childhood and adolescence's safety. As children and adolescents are currently staying at home more, additional educational tools and programs are warranted to promote safe practices among parents and caregivers.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Child; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; SARS-CoV-2; Safety; Saudi Arabia; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 35060555
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028649 -
JAMA Cardiology Feb 2020Recently, 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of novel therapies for mainly secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular...
IMPORTANCE
Recently, 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of novel therapies for mainly secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, given the potential overlapping eligibility of the RCTs, along with the cost of the new therapies, there are uncertainty and questions about implementing these RCT findings in real-world clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the eligibility and preventive potential for these new preventive therapies in a contemporary population.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This population-based contemporary cohort study included 6292 patients with known ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 2277 with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) enrolled between November 2003 and February 2015. Analyses were performed in the Copenhagen General Population Study with a mean (SD) of 7.7 (3.5) years of follow-up. The data were analyzed between January and October 2019.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
We determined the drug eligibility and evidence-based potential for preventing major cardiovascular events of the 12 cardiovascular drugs tested in the following recent RCTs: IMPROVE-IT, PEGASUS, EMPA-REG, LEADER, SUSTAIN-6, FOURIER, CANVAS, REVEAL, CANTOS, COMPASS, ODYSSEY-OUTCOMES, and REDUCE-IT. The analyses were performed in patients with known IHD or with a previous MI at baseline.
RESULTS
Of 6292 participants, 3861 (61%) were men and the mean (interquartile range) age was 69 (62-76) years. In patients with IHD or MI at baseline, eligibility for 1 or more new medications was 80% (n = 5036) and 99% (n = 2273), respectively, by meeting RCT enrollment criteria. Dividing the new therapies into 4 drug classes (lipid-modifying, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic drugs), 2594 and 1834 patients with IHD or MI (41% and 81%, respectively) were eligible for 2 or more drug classes simultaneously. The 5-year estimated percentage of major cardiovascular events that could be prevented for each new therapy was 1% to 20% in patients with IHD or MI at baseline.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Most patients with known IHD or previous MI are eligible for additional new secondary prevention therapies. This raises questions for the cardiovascular community and health care authorities about access to these potentially expensive therapies, including strategies for prioritizing their use.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Evidence-Based Pharmacy Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Secondary Prevention
PubMed: 31895459
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4759 -
Circulation Jun 2020Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major preventable disease that affects hospitalized inpatients. Risk stratification and prophylactic measures have good evidence... (Review)
Review
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major preventable disease that affects hospitalized inpatients. Risk stratification and prophylactic measures have good evidence supporting their use, but multiple reasons exist that prevent full adoption, compliance, and efficacy that may underlie the persistence of VTE over the past several decades. This policy statement provides a focused review of VTE, risk scoring systems, prophylaxis, and tracking methods. From this summary, 5 major areas of policy guidance are presented that the American Heart Association believes will lead to better implementation, tracking, and prevention of VTE events. They include performing VTE risk assessment and reporting the level of VTE risk in all hospitalized patients, integrating preventable VTE as a benchmark for hospital comparison and pay-for-performance programs, supporting appropriations to improve public awareness of VTE, tracking VTE nationwide with the use of standardized definitions, and developing a centralized data steward for data tracking on VTE risk assessment, prophylaxis, and rates.
Topics: Congresses as Topic; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Health Care Costs; Hospitalization; Humans; Inpatients; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Premedication; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 32375490
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000769 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2023Perinatal depression and anxiety are the most common complications in the perinatal period and disproportionately affect those experiencing economic marginalization....
OBJECTIVE
Perinatal depression and anxiety are the most common complications in the perinatal period and disproportionately affect those experiencing economic marginalization. Fewer than 15% of individuals at risk for perinatal depression are referred for preventative counseling. The goal of this study was to elicit patient and perinatal care professionals' perspectives on how to increase the reach of interventions to prevent perinatal depression and anxiety among economically marginalized individuals.
METHODS
We conducted qualitative interviews with perinatal individuals with lived experience of perinatal depression and/or anxiety who were experiencing economic marginalization (n = 12) and perinatal care professionals and paraprofessionals (e.g., obstetrician/gynecologists, midwives, doulas; n = 12) serving this population. Three study team members engaged a "a coding consensus, co-occurrence, and comparison," approach to code interviews.
RESULTS
Perinatal individuals and professionals identified prevention intervention delivery approaches and content to facilitate equitable reach for individuals who are economically marginalized. Factors influential included availability of mental health counselors, facilitation of prevention interventions by a trusted professional, digital health options, and options for mental health intervention delivery approaches. Content that was perceived as increasing equitable intervention reach included emphasizing stigma reduction, using cultural humility and inclusive materials, and content personalization.
CONCLUSIONS
Leveraging varied options for mental health intervention delivery approaches and content could reach perinatal individuals experiencing economic marginalization and address resource considerations associated with preventative interventions.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Mental Health
PubMed: 37862962
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.003 -
European Review For Medical and... Jan 2023The current study explores the impact of Prophetic medicine's knowledge, attitudes, and practices on the Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
OBJECTIVE
The current study explores the impact of Prophetic medicine's knowledge, attitudes, and practices on the Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This study used a web-based cross-sectional design. A self-selected nonprobability sampling technique was utilized to recruit social media users in Saudi Arabia aged ≥18.
RESULTS
Four statements were used to evaluate participants' knowledge of the role of prophetic medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19. The participants had significant levels of knowledge, with an average of 90.3% correct answers. They strongly agreed with prophetic advice, including quarantine, travel bans and hand washing to prevent COVID-19 infection, with a mean of 4.3. In addition, the participants followed prophetic advice, including walking for half an hour, keeping social distance, wearing masks, and taking vaccines to prevent COVID-19 infection, with a mean of 4.2.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Muslim residents of Saudi Arabia concerning prophetic medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study revealed that participants had good knowledge of prophetic medicine, including the use of natural products such as honey, ginger, garlic, and olive oil, as well as herbal products such as black seeds, and practices such as cupping. The study also showed that participants strongly believed that COVID-19 preventative measures - including quarantine, travel bans, and handwashing - were introduced by prophetic medicine. Practices including self-isolation, hand washing, and travel bans help prevent, treat and control diseases. They assist in maintaining good health and developing resistance to diseases.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Saudi Arabia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Religion and Medicine; Islam
PubMed: 36647883
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202301_30882 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2022The effect of perioperative oral management on the prevention of postoperative complications remains unclear in cardiac surgery. Exploratory factor analysis was...
OBJECTIVES
The effect of perioperative oral management on the prevention of postoperative complications remains unclear in cardiac surgery. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine whether a lack of perioperative oral management was associated with postoperative complications of heart valve surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled 365 patients who underwent heart valve surgery between April 2010 and March 2019. We extracted data on patient characteristics and set postoperative pneumonia and postoperative bloodstream infection as outcomes. A logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of factors on the incidence of postoperative complications.
RESULTS
Significant risk factors for postoperative pneumonia included dialysis, long operative time, and long-term intubation. Similarly, risk factors for postoperative bloodstream infection were long-term intubation and lack of perioperative oral management. Subsequently, we identified the risk factors for long-term intubation, which were common to both complications, and found they were emergency status, combined valvular disease, long operative time, and lack of perioperative oral management.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that a lack of perioperative oral management could be a risk factor for postoperative bloodstream infection and long-term intubation in heart valve surgery. The results suggest that perioperative oral management is effective in preventing postoperative complications of heart valve surgery.
Topics: Humans; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Heart Valves; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 35525805
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.002 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2022Therapeutic lifestyle changes can reduce individual risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by up to 58%. In Singapore, rates of preventive practices were low, despite a high...
BACKGROUND
Therapeutic lifestyle changes can reduce individual risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by up to 58%. In Singapore, rates of preventive practices were low, despite a high level of knowledge and awareness of T2D risk and prevention. The study explored the context of the discrepancy between knowledge and practices in T2D prevention among adults undiagnosed with the condition.
METHODS
In-depth interviews with 41 adults explored lay beliefs of T2D and the sources of these perceptions, subjective interpretation of how T2D may impact lives, and perceived costs and benefits of practising preventative behaviours. Purposive sampling was used to maximise the variability of participants in demographic characteristics. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes related to the domains of inquiry.
RESULTS
Participants' risk perceptions were influenced by familial, social, and cultural contexts of the representation and management of T2D conditions. The adverse effects of T2D were often narrated in food culture. The cost of adopting a healthy diet was perceived at a high cost of life pleasure derived from food consumption and social interactions. Inconveniences, loss of social functions, dependency and distress were the themes related to T2D management. Participants' motivation to preventive practices, such as exercise and weight loss, were influenced by short-term observable benefits.
CONCLUSIONS
T2D risk communication needs to be addressed in emotionally impactful and interpersonally salient ways to increase the urgency to adopt preventative behaviours. Shifting perceived benefits from long-term disease prevention to short-term observable wellbeing could reduce the response cost of healthy eating.
Topics: Adult; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Healthy; Humans; Qualitative Research; Singapore
PubMed: 35987615
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14020-z