-
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022Road traffic safety can be ensured by preventing and controlling the potential risks in road traffic operations. The relevant literature was systematically reviewed to... (Review)
Review
Road traffic safety can be ensured by preventing and controlling the potential risks in road traffic operations. The relevant literature was systematically reviewed to identify the research context and status quo in the road traffic operation risk prevention and control field and identify the key study contents needing further research. As research material, the related English and Chinese literature published between 1996 and 2021 (as of 31st December 2021) was obtained through the Web of Science Core Collection and Chinese Science Citation Database. These research materials include 22,403 English and 7876 Chinese papers. Based on the bibliometrics, this study used CiteSpace software to conduct keyword co-occurrence analysis in the field. The results show that the relevant research topics mainly covered the risks of drivers, vehicles, roads, and the traffic environment. In the aspect of driver risks, the studies focused on driving behavior characteristics. In terms of vehicle risks, the related studies were mainly about the vehicle control system, driving assistance system, hazardous material transportation, automated driving technology, safe driving speed, and vehicle collision prediction. For the road risks, the safe driving guarantee of high-risk road sections, driving risks at intersections, and safe road alignment design were the three study hotspots. In terms of traffic environment risks, identifying traffic risk locations and driving safety guarantees under adverse weather conditions were the two main research highlights. Moreover, mathematical modeling was the main method for studying road traffic operation risk. Furthermore, the impact of environmental factors on drivers, the emergency rescue system for road traffic accidents, the connection between automated driving technology and safe driving theory, and the man-machine hybrid traffic flow characteristics are the subjects needing further research.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Transportation; Weather
PubMed: 36231418
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912115 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2020Denosumab is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand inhibitor, which suppresses the bone resorption process to preserve bone mass. It is usually... (Review)
Review
Denosumab is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand inhibitor, which suppresses the bone resorption process to preserve bone mass. It is usually recommended to postmenopausal women and men with high fracture risk. With the recent publication of the results from FREEDOM study and its extension, the long-term effect of denosumab in preventing fragility fractures has been put forward. This review aims at summarising the evidence of denosumab in reducing fracture risk and its safety derived from clinical studies. Most of the evidence are derived from FREEDOM trials up to 10 years of exposure. Denosumab is reported to prevent vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. It is also proven effective in Japanese women, patients with chronic kidney diseases and breast cancer patients receiving antineoplastic therapy. Denosumab discontinuation leads to high remodeling, loss of bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. These negative effects might be preventable by bisphosphonate treatment. The safety profile of denosumab is consistent with increased years of exposure. In conclusion, denosumab is a safe and effective option for reducing fracture risk among patients with osteoporosis.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Denosumab; Humans; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 33061307
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S270829 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Jan 2022Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are widespread and often occur early in life. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of interventions for... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are widespread and often occur early in life. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of interventions for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence among youth.
METHODS
Studies were identified from 2 previous systematic reviews and an updated search (January 2012-June 2016). Included studies were implemented among youth, conducted in high-income countries, and aimed to prevent or reduce the perpetration of intimate partner violence or sexual violence. In 2016-2017, Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide) methods were used to assess effectiveness as determined by perpetration, victimization, or bystander action. When heterogeneity of outcomes prevented usual Community Guide methods, the team systematically applied criteria for favorability (statistically significant at p<0.05 or approaching significance at p<0.10) and consistency (75% of results in the same direction).
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies (32 arms) met inclusion and quality of execution criteria. Interventions used combinations of teaching healthy relationship skills, promoting social norms to protect against violence, or creating protective environments. Overall, 18 of 24 study arms reported favorable results on the basis of the direction of effect for decreasing perpetration; however, favorability for bystander action diminished with longer follow-up. Interventions did not demonstrate consistent results for decreasing victimization. A bridge search conducted during Fall 2020 confirmed these results.
DISCUSSION
Interventions for the primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence are effective in reducing perpetration. Increasing bystander action may require additional follow-up as effectiveness diminishes over time. Findings may inform researchers, school personnel, public health, and other decision makers about effective strategies to prevent intimate partner violence and sexual violence among youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Crime Victims; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Sex Offenses; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners
PubMed: 34772564
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.021 -
Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 2022The epidemiologic studies from the recent years indicate that high consumption of foods rich in bioactive compounds has a positive effect on human health and could... (Review)
Review
The epidemiologic studies from the recent years indicate that high consumption of foods rich in bioactive compounds has a positive effect on human health and could diminish the risk of numerous diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cataracts, and even diseases related to age. From all species of fruit, definitely consumption of berries due to its high content of bioactive constituents prevents the risk of cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress and diabetes. The primary phenolic compounds in berries are flavonoids, particularly the anthocyanins. They have potential preventative and therapeutic effects on many diseases such as cancers, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, obesity, neurodegenerative pathologies, and muscular degeneration. Bilberry fruits have been an important part of local diets in many countries, including Slovakia. They are valued for their pleasant taste and aroma and are often processed into jams, preserves, juices, and alcoholic beverages. In the last two decades, the Saskatoon berry has been cultivated in many parts of the world for its suitability for various food products and due to its high content of nutrients and polyphenols. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the world's leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia, which results from one or more abnormalities of blood lipids metabolism, remains a major key factor for progression of CVD and leads to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this review is to compare and summarize the research evidence on the potential of bilberries and saskatoon berries with an emphasis on recent studies in humans in improving cardiovascular risk factors especially dyslipidemia.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Flavonoids; Fruit; Humans; Phytochemicals; Polyphenols; Vaccinium myrtillus
PubMed: 36169276
DOI: 10.32394/rpzh.2022.0216 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Jun 2022Adverse childhood experiences and overdose are linked in a cycle that affects individuals and communities across generations. The Centers for Disease Control and...
INTRODUCTION
Adverse childhood experiences and overdose are linked in a cycle that affects individuals and communities across generations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Overdose Data to Action cooperative agreement supports a comprehensive public health approach to overdose prevention and response activities across the U.S. Exposure to traumatic events during childhood can increase the risk for myriad health outcomes, including overdose; therefore, many Overdose Data to Action recipients leveraged funds to address adverse childhood experiences.
METHODS
In 2021, an inventory of Overdose Data to Action‒funded activities implemented in 2019 and 2020 showed that 34 of the 66 recipients proposed overdose prevention activities that support people who have experienced adverse childhood experiences or that focus on preventing the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences. Activities were coded by adverse childhood experience prevention strategy, level of the social ecology, and whether they focused on neonatal abstinence syndrome.
RESULTS
Most activities among Overdose Data to Action recipients occurred at the community level of the social‒ecologic model and under the intervene to lessen harms adverse childhood experience prevention strategy. Of the 84 adverse childhood experience‒related activities taking place across 34 jurisdictions, 44 are focused on neonatal abstinence syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS
Study results highlight the opportunities to expand the breadth of adverse childhood experience prevention strategies across the social ecology. Implementing cross-cutting overdose and adverse childhood experience‒related activities that span the social‒ecologic model are critical for population-level change and have the potential for the broadest impact. Focusing on neonatal abstinence syndrome also offers a unique intervention opportunity for both adverse childhood experience and overdose prevention.
Topics: Adverse Childhood Experiences; Drug Overdose; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Public Health
PubMed: 35597582
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.015 -
Midwifery Apr 2023Policy documents govern how the prevention and care of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are implemented. Thus, in the absence of Swedish national guidelines on...
OBJECTIVE
Policy documents govern how the prevention and care of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are implemented. Thus, in the absence of Swedish national guidelines on OASIS, differing views may be visible in the regional and local policy documents. Therefore, we aimed to analyse regional and local policies, guidelines, and care programs on the prevention of OASIS and care for OASIS-affected women in a Swedish context by applying a critical frame analysis inspired by Verloo.
DESIGN AND SETTING
A cross-sectional study of existing policy documents from Swedish healthcare regions was performed. The documents were analysed using Verloo's critical frame analysis.
FINDINGS
We found that OASIS was framed as a preventable problem addressed by skilled protective manoeuvres of the healthcare staff. Education, communication, and teamwork were three frames of crucial solutions to minimise the prevalence of OASIS. However, complicating power dimensions between professional groups and between professionals and birthing women were identified. Furthermore, several discursive struggles were found, predominantly regarding the scientific evidence for the suggested prevention and care.
CONCLUSION
The policy documents emphasised that OASIS is preventable, and improved education, communication, and teamwork could diminish the OASIS prevalence. Nevertheless, power dimensions and discursive struggles may challenge the preventive efforts. Furthermore, each Swedish region has the sovereignty to develop its policies, which was reflected in our findings and may imply inequities in care provision. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop comprehensive national high-quality guidelines of high quality for OASIS prevention and care so that all women giving birth have access to equal care and treatment in Sweden.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Delivery, Obstetric; Anal Canal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Parturition; Obstetric Labor Complications; Lacerations; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36739637
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103608 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease. It has been observed that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing, which consequently...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease. It has been observed that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing, which consequently raises the risk of developing colon cancer. Recently, the regulation of the intestinal barrier by probiotics has become an effective treatment for colitis. -derived extracellular vesicles (Akk EVs) are nano-vesicles that contain multiple bioactive macromolecules with the potential to modulate the intestinal barrier. In this study, we used ultrafiltration in conjunction with high-speed centrifugation to extract Akk EVs. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model was established to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Akk EVs. It was found that Akk EVs were able to be absorbed by RAW264.7 cells and significantly reduce the expression of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-1β ( < 0.05). We explored the preventative effects on colitis and the regulating effects on the intestinal barrier using a mouse colitis model caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The findings demonstrated that Akk EVs effectively prevented colitis symptoms and reduced colonic tissue injury. Additionally, Akk EVs significantly enhanced the effectiveness of the intestinal barrier by elevating the expression of MUC2 (0.53 ± 0.07), improving mucus integrity, and reducing intestinal permeability ( < 0.05). Moreover, Akk EVs increased the proportion of the beneficial bacteria (33.01 ± 0.09%) and downregulated the proportion of the harmful bacteria (0.32 ± 0.27%). These findings suggest that Akk EVs possess the ability to regulate immune responses, protect intestinal barriers, and modulate the gut microbiota. The research presents a potential intervention approach for Akk EVs to prevent colitis.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Colitis; Intestines; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Dextran Sulfate
PubMed: 38004116
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224722 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2021acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly called acute renal failure (ARF), is commonly defined as an abrupt decline in renal function, clinically manifesting as a reversible... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly called acute renal failure (ARF), is commonly defined as an abrupt decline in renal function, clinically manifesting as a reversible acute increase in nitrogen waste products-measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels-over the course of hours to weeks. AKI occurs in about 20% of all hospitalized patients and is more common in the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of AKI, and to detect and treat early, since it is known that a prolonged period of kidney injury increases cardiovascular complications and the risk of death. Despite advances in modern medicine, there are no consistent treatment strategies for preventing the progression to chronic kidney disease. Through many studies, the safety and efficacy of natural products have been proven, and based on this, the time and cost required for new drug development can be reduced. In addition, research results on natural products are highly anticipated in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In relation to AKI, many papers have reported that many natural products can prevent and treat AKI.
CONCLUSIONS
in this paper, the results of studies on natural products related to AKI were found and summarized, and the mechanism by which the efficacy of AKI was demonstrated was reviewed. Many natural products show that AKI can be prevented and treated, suggesting that these natural products can help to develop new drugs. In addition, we may be helpful to elucidate additional mechanisms and meta-analysis in future natural product studies.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Biological Products; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Humans
PubMed: 34833485
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111266 -
Cells Apr 2023Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of cancer treatment with paclitaxel. The mechanisms by which paclitaxel is transported into neurons, which are essential...
Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of cancer treatment with paclitaxel. The mechanisms by which paclitaxel is transported into neurons, which are essential for preventing neuropathy, are not well understood. We studied the uptake mechanisms of paclitaxel into neurons using inhibitors for endocytosis, autophagy, organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) drug transporters, and derivatives of paclitaxel. RT-qPCR was used to investigate the expression levels of OATPs in different neuronal tissues and cell lines. OATP transporters were pharmacologically inhibited or modulated by overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-knock-out to investigate paclitaxel transport in neurons. Through these experiments, we identified OATP1A1 and OATP1B2 as the primary neuronal transporters for paclitaxel. In vitro inhibition of OATP1A1 and OAT1B2 by glycyrrhizic acid attenuated neurotoxicity, while paclitaxel's antineoplastic effects were sustained in cancer cell lines. In vivo, glycyrrhizic acid prevented paclitaxel-induced toxicity and improved behavioral and electrophysiological measures. This study indicates that a set of OATPs are involved in paclitaxel transport into neurons. The inhibition of OATP1A1 and OATP1B2 holds a promising strategy to prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Topics: Humans; Paclitaxel; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Organic Anion Transporters; Neurons; Membrane Transport Proteins; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 37174648
DOI: 10.3390/cells12091249 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Fruits, vegetables, and other edible plants in our diet have numerous health benefits, due to the bioactive compounds in these food items, including polyphenols. These... (Review)
Review
Fruits, vegetables, and other edible plants in our diet have numerous health benefits, due to the bioactive compounds in these food items, including polyphenols. These plants are a rich and promising source of natural products and phytochemicals that can be used to treat and prevent numerous diseases and prevent the progression of cancer. Dietary polyphenols exhibit chemo-preventive and therapeutic effects against various ailments, including several types of cancer. The current study focuses on polyphenol's traditional and advanced extraction methods, with supercritical extraction as a novel approach. It also deals with their identification, bioavailability, and role in preventing and treating colorectal and prostate cancers. Additionally, the article covers the literature that deals with the anticancer activities of polyphenols, as well as their potential use as anticancer agents.
Topics: Biological Availability; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Phytochemicals; Polyphenols; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35566182
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092831