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Current Opinion in Biotechnology Apr 2024Although probiotics have been used in food products and supplements for decades, there has been a considerable increase in their use more recently. Recent technological... (Review)
Review
Although probiotics have been used in food products and supplements for decades, there has been a considerable increase in their use more recently. Recent technological advances have thus led to major advances in knowledge of the gut microbiota, enabling a significant development of biotics. In this review, we discuss the uses of traditional probiotics but also the discovery of next-generation probiotics that could be used as live biotherapeutics. These novel preventive and therapeutic strategies hold promise for the treatment of numerous diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Probiotic bacteria can be consumed alone, or in combination with prebiotics as synbiotics, or mixed with other probiotic strains to form a consortium for enhanced effects. We also discuss the benefits of using postbiotics.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria
PubMed: 38335705
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103073 -
Nutrients Mar 2023Many studies have explored the efficacy of probiotics on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, but there is no consensus on the curative effect. This systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Many studies have explored the efficacy of probiotics on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, but there is no consensus on the curative effect. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate whether probiotics could improve behavioral symptoms in children with ASD. A systematic database search was conducted and a total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found a nonsignificant overall effect size of probiotics on behavioral symptoms in children with ASD (SMD = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.60 to 0.11, = 0.18). However, a significant overall effect size was found in the subgroup of the probiotic blend (SMD = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.83 to -0.02, = 0.04). Additionally, these studies provided limited evidence for the efficacy of probiotics due to their small sample sizes, a shorter intervention duration, different probiotics used, different scales used, and poor research quality. Thus, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled studies following strict trial guidelines are needed to precisely demonstrate the therapeutic effects of probiotics on ASD in children.
Topics: Humans; Child; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36986145
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061415 -
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN Sep 2022Nervous system disorders are one of the common problems that affect many people around the world every year. Regarding the beneficial effects of the probiotics on the...
Nervous system disorders are one of the common problems that affect many people around the world every year. Regarding the beneficial effects of the probiotics on the gut and the gut-brain axis, their application along with current medications has been the subject of intense interest. Psychobiotics are a probiotic strain capable to affect the gut-brain axis. The effective role of Psychobiotics in several neurological disorders is documented. Consumption of the Psychobiotics containing nutrients has positive effects on the improvement of microbiota as well as alleviation of some symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In the present study, the effects of probiotic strains on some CNS disorders in terms of controlling the disease symptoms were reviewed. Finding suggests that Psychobiotics can efficiently alleviate the symptoms of several CNS disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, insomnia, depression, diabetic neuropathy, and anorexia nervosa. It can be concluded that functional foods containing psychotropic strains can help to improve mental health.
Topics: Brain; Brain-Gut Axis; Central Nervous System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Probiotics
PubMed: 35849305
DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02053-3 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) on cognitive functions among healthy older adults without cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 60 healthy older adults without cognitive impairment who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required to consume either a sachet of probiotic (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used as an inclusion screening tool to screen elderly participants with healthy cognitive function in our study, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function in subjects before and after intervention as an assessment tool. BB68S significantly improved subjects’ cognitive functions (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points after intervention, p < 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, and delayed memory domains. BB68S intervention increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those of bacteria related to cognition impairment, such as Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella. In conclusion, BB68S could improve cognitive functions in healthy elderly adults without cognitive impairment, along with having beneficial regulatory effects on their gut microbiota. This study supports probiotics as a strategy to promote healthy aging and advances cognitive aging research.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Bifidobacterium longum; Probiotics; Cognition; Bifidobacterium; Cognitive Dysfunction; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36615708
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010051 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Depression is one of the main mental disorders. Pharmacological treatment of depression is often associated with delayed effects or insufficient efficacy. Consequently,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Depression is one of the main mental disorders. Pharmacological treatment of depression is often associated with delayed effects or insufficient efficacy. Consequently, there is a need to discover new therapeutic methods to cope with depression faster and more effectively. Several lines of evidence indicate that the use of probiotic therapy reduces depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms linking the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, as well as the potential mechanisms of action for probiotics, are still not entirely clarified. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the available knowledge according to PRISMA guidelines on the molecular mechanisms linking probiotics and healthy populations with subclinical depression or anxiety symptoms, as well as depressed patients with or without comorbid somatic illnesses. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Twenty records were included. It has been found that probiotic administration is linked to a significant increase in BDNF levels during probiotic treatment compared to the placebo (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.07, 0.68], = 0.02) when considering the resolution of depressive symptoms in depressed patients with or without comorbid somatic illnesses. CRP levels were significantly lower (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI [0.75, -0.19], = 0.001), and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI [0.58, 1.36], < 0.0001) in probiotic-treated patients compared to the placebo, however, only among depressed patients with somatic co-morbidities. There were no significant differences in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and cortisol levels after probiotic administration between the intervention and control groups (all > 0.05). Firm conclusions on the effectiveness of probiotics and their possible association with inflammatory markers in the healthy population (only with subclinical depressive or anxiety symptoms) cannot be drawn. The advent of clinical trials examining the long-term administration of probiotics could evaluate the long-term effectiveness of probiotics in treating depression and preventing its recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Probiotics; Anxiety; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 36834489
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043081 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Wound infections caused by opportunistic bacteria promote persistent infection and represent the main cause of delayed healing. Probiotics are acknowledged for their... (Review)
Review
Wound infections caused by opportunistic bacteria promote persistent infection and represent the main cause of delayed healing. Probiotics are acknowledged for their beneficial effects on the human body and could be utilized in the management of various diseases. They also possess the capacity to accelerate wound healing, due to their remarkable anti-pathogenic, antibiofilm, and immunomodulatory effects. Oral and topical probiotic formulations have shown promising openings in the field of dermatology, and there are various in vitro and in vivo models focusing on their healing mechanisms. Wound dressings embedded with prebiotics and probiotics are now prime candidates for designing wound healing therapeutic approaches to combat infections and to promote the healing process. The aim of this review is to conduct an extensive scientific literature review regarding the efficacy of oral and topical probiotics in wound management, as well as the potential of wound dressing embedding pre- and probiotics in stimulating the wound healing process.
Topics: Probiotics; Wound Healing; Humans; Animals; Wound Infection; Bandages
PubMed: 38891909
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115723 -
Nutrients Apr 2022The probiotics-supplemented low-protein diet in chronic kidney disease (ProLowCKD) was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial that was... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics-Supplemented Low-Protein Diet for Microbiota Modulation in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ProLowCKD): Results from a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.
The probiotics-supplemented low-protein diet in chronic kidney disease (ProLowCKD) was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial that was conducted to investigate whether the association between a low protein diet (LPD) and a new formulation of probiotics ( and ) was effective at reducing traditional uremic, microbiota-derived, and proatherogenic toxins in sixty patients affected by advanced CKD. After 2 months of a LPD-a reduction in blood urea nitrogen (52 ± 17 vs. 46 ± 15 mg/dL, = 0.003), total cholesterol (185 ± 41 vs. 171 ± 34 mg/dL, = 0.001), and triglycerides (194 ± 148 vs. 161 ± 70 mg/dL, = 0.03) was observed; 57 subjects were then randomized to receive probiotics or a placebo for the subsequent 3 months. A total of 27 patients in the placebo group showed increased serum values of total cholesterol (169 ± 36 vs. 185 ± 40 mg/dL, = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (169 ± 36 vs. 185 ± 40 mg/dL, = 0.02), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A (155.4 ± 39.3 vs. 167.5 ± 51.4 nmol/mL/min, = 0.006), and indoxyl-sulphate (30.1 ± 17.6 vs. 34.5 ± 20.2 μM, = 0.026), while the 24 subjects in the probiotics group showed a trend in the reduction of microbiota toxins. A reduction of antihypertensive and diuretic medications was possible in the probiotics group. This study shows that associating probiotics to LPD may have an additional beneficial effect on the control and modulation of microbiota-derived and proatherogenic toxins in CKD patients.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Probiotics; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Toxins, Biological
PubMed: 35458199
DOI: 10.3390/nu14081637 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022Oral mucositis is a common adverse effect of cancer therapy. Probiotics have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We performed a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Oral mucositis is a common adverse effect of cancer therapy. Probiotics have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate whether probiotics can prevent cancer therapy−induced oral mucositis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for trials related to probiotics and oral mucositis published before September 2022; no language restrictions were applied. The primary outcome was the incidence of oral mucositis and severe oral mucositis. Secondary outcomes were the requirement for enteral nutrition during treatment, body weight loss, and decreased quality of life. The study has been registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD 42022302339). Eight RCTs, including 708 patients, were reviewed; however, a meta-analysis of only seven trials could be performed. Three trials using Lactobacilli-based probiotics reported that the incidence of oral mucositis in the probiotic group was significantly low (risk ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77−0.93, p = 0.0004). Seven trials reported a significantly low incidence of severe oral mucositis in the probiotic group (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53−0.81, p < 0.0001). The requirement of enteral nutrition was significantly low in the probiotic group (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13−0.92, p < 0.05). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and mitigation of cancer therapy−induced oral mucositis. We recommend the use of probiotics to prevent and treat oral mucositis during cancer therapy.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Stomatitis; Neoplasms; Lactobacillus; Enteral Nutrition
PubMed: 36362057
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113268 -
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Multiple lines of evidence now support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The emergence of these observations... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multiple lines of evidence now support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The emergence of these observations enabled to postulate a bacteria-centric paradigm to rethink the treatment of many diseases. The goal of therapy should not be to eradicate the flora but to modify it in a way that leads to symptomatic improvement; thus, the interest in the use of probiotics to modulate microbiota composition has increased worldwide in both community and healthcare settings.
SUMMARY
The results of published studies are conflicting for most probiotic strains and formulations, and clinicians and consumers need a better understanding of probiotic risks and benefits. Currently, clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions are still lacking. Here, we reviewed the studies on the use of probiotics in some diseases of relevant interest to gastroenterologists, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Key Message: Although the evidence is relevant and promising for probiotics in general, and for specific strains and combinations of strains, it is not yet sufficient to draw unequivocal conclusions and clear recommendations.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Diseases; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Probiotics
PubMed: 33752212
DOI: 10.1159/000516023 -
Nutrients Apr 2023The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the modulation of host metabolism and immune response, and its impairment has been implicated in many gastrointestinal and... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the modulation of host metabolism and immune response, and its impairment has been implicated in many gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Current evidence shows the well-documented role of in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, modulating the host immune response, and improving several metabolic pathways, making it a key element in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. In this scenario, is the most promising next-generation probiotic and one of the first microbial species suitable for specific clinical use when compared with traditional probiotics. Further studies are needed to provide more accurate insight into its mechanisms of action and to better elucidate its properties in several major areas, paving the way for a more integrated and personalized therapeutic approach that finally makes the most of our knowledge of the gut microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Akkermansia; Verrucomicrobia; Intestines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics
PubMed: 37111034
DOI: 10.3390/nu15081815