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Medicine Nov 2023Depression affects millions globally and often coexists with cognitive deficits. This study explored the potential of probiotics in enhancing cognition and ameliorating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression affects millions globally and often coexists with cognitive deficits. This study explored the potential of probiotics in enhancing cognition and ameliorating depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder patients.
METHODS
Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study design framework, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials examining probiotic effects on cognition and depressive symptoms. Searches spanned 7 databases from January 2010 to May 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0, and meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.4.1. Publication bias was evaluated via Egger test.
RESULTS
In a systematic review on the effects of probiotic supplementation on cognition and depressive symptoms in depression patients, 635 records were initially identified, with 4 studies ultimately included. These randomized controlled trials were conducted across diverse regions, primarily involving females, with assessment periods ranging from 1 to 2 months. Concerning cognitive outcomes, a statistically significant moderate improvement was found with probiotic supplementation, based on the mean difference and its 95% confidence interval. However, for depressive symptoms, the overall effect was negligible and not statistically significant. A heterogeneity test indicated consistent findings across studies for both cognitive and depressive outcomes (I² = 0% for both). The potential for publication bias was evaluated using the Egger linear regression test, suggesting no significant bias, though caution is advised due to the limited number of studies.
CONCLUSION
Probiotics may enhance cognitive domains and mitigate depressive symptoms, emphasizing the gut-brain axis role. However, methodological variations and brief intervention durations call for more standardized, extensive research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Probiotics; Cognition; Research Design
PubMed: 38013351
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036005 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Probiotics exert a variety of beneficial effects, including maintaining homeostasis and the balance of intestinal microorganisms, activating the immune system, and... (Review)
Review
Probiotics exert a variety of beneficial effects, including maintaining homeostasis and the balance of intestinal microorganisms, activating the immune system, and regulating immune responses. Due to the beneficial effects of probiotics, a wide range of probiotics have been developed as probiotic agents for animal and human health. Viral diseases cause serious economic losses to the livestock every year and remain a great challenge for animals. Moreover, strategies for the prevention and control of viral diseases are limited. Viruses enter the host through the skin and mucosal surface, in which are colonized by hundreds of millions of microorganisms. The antiviral effects of probiotics have been proved, including modulation of chemical, microbial, physical, and immune barriers through various probiotics, probiotic metabolites, and host signaling pathways. It is of great significance yet far from enough to elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. The major interest of this review is to discuss the antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics and to provide targets for the development of novel antivirals.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Immune System; Intestines; Probiotics; Viruses
PubMed: 35734576
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928050 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Nov 2020This is a review of the most up-to-date research on the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation for outcomes related to athletes and physical activity. The focus is... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This is a review of the most up-to-date research on the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation for outcomes related to athletes and physical activity. The focus is on clinical research incorporating exercise and/or physically active participants on the nutritional effectiveness of single and multistrain preparations.
RECENT FINDINGS
Findings of the included clinical studies support the notion that certain probiotics could play important roles in maintaining normal physiology and energy production during exercise which may lead to performance-improvement and antifatigue effects, improve exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms and permeability, stimulate/modulate of the immune system, and improve the ability to digest, absorb, and metabolize macro and micronutrients important to exercise performance and recovery/health status of those physically active.
SUMMARY
The current body of literature highlights the specificity of probiotic strain/dose and potential mechanisms of action for application in sport. These novel findings open new areas research, potential use for human health, and reinforce the potential role for probiotic's in exercise performance. While encouraging, more well designed studies of probiotic supplementation in various sport applications are warranted.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Exercise; Humans; Probiotics; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 32769404
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000686 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2019Athletes are prone to several health complications, including upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, and gastrointestinal discomforts during practice and after... (Review)
Review
Athletes are prone to several health complications, including upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, and gastrointestinal discomforts during practice and after the performance due to the intense exercise, travel, insufficient rest and restricted food consumption. Probiotics are well known as complementary therapeutic and health supplements for several diseases and disorders. Studies suggest that the intervention of probiotics improved the health status of elite athletes, but the results are not consistent in all the studies. The beneficial effect of probiotic supplementation profoundly relies on species or strain, dose, duration, form, and host physiology. The manuscript summarizes the effect of probiotic supplementation on health status of athletes. The literature was collected from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the search term "probiotic and athletes". As per the literature survey, probiotic supplementation improved the intestinal permeability, immune system, intestinal microbiota, inflammatory system, reduced the severity and incidence of respiratory tract infections, and duration of gastrointestinal symptoms. Several studies were conducted on species and the outcomes were found to be species- or strain-specific. More studies are required to know the detailed mechanism behind the beneficial effect of probiotic intervention in athletes. Further studies are desired on formulation and optimization of probiotic supplements to develop generalized and personalized sports supplements to boost the overall health and enactment of elite athletes.
Topics: Athletes; Dietary Supplements; Health Status; Humans; Probiotics
PubMed: 31766303
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224469 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023There is a lot of evidence for a bidirectional communication between the gut and brain. Dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability may lead to a systemic low-grade... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is a lot of evidence for a bidirectional communication between the gut and brain. Dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability may lead to a systemic low-grade inflammatory response or various neuroactive bacterial metabolite may cross gut barrier. Pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) are known to pass through blood brain barrier and altered neurotransmitter metabolism or increase production of neurotoxic pathways. In this review we hypothesized that restoring the gut microbiota ecosystem could improve mental disorders. We reviewed literature for human evidence proving clinical relevance of probiotics intake in mental disorders.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We searched literature with keywords "depression" or "major depressive disorder" and "probiotic". We selected randomized control trial and we considered having both outcomes concerning impact on depressive symptoms but also on inflammation biomarkers, microbiota composition, cerebral nervous system or cognition.
RESULTS
Seven out of fourteen randomized control trial reported significant improvement on depressive symptoms in patients taking probiotics. Besides improvement in depressive symptoms, we found decrease in inflammatory markers such as IL-6, decrease in serum kynurenine level, changes in microbiota diversity and abundance of species correlated to depressive disorder and higher cognitive performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Probiotic seems to be secure and more effective on depression when used in supplement to usual antidepressant and in mild to moderate depression. We highlighted positive impact on vulnerability factors prevent further worsening. Probiotics could have anti-inflammatory effect acting on inflammatory markers well known to have a role on pathogenesis of depression. A strong correlation between neuroactive metabolites and a relative abundance of microbiota bacterial species underlined importance to consider the gut-brain axis in mental disorders.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Probiotics; Microbiota; Inflammation; Brain
PubMed: 37800206
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Psychiatric disorders represent a primary source of disability worldwide, manifesting as disturbances in individuals' cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and... (Review)
Review
Psychiatric disorders represent a primary source of disability worldwide, manifesting as disturbances in individuals' cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and behavioral patterns. In the quest to discover novel therapies and expand the boundaries of neuropharmacology, studies from the field have highlighted the gut microbiota's role in modulating these disorders. These alterations may influence the brain's processes through the brain-gut axis, a multifaceted bidirectional system that establishes a connection between the enteric and central nervous systems. Thus, probiotic and prebiotic supplements that are meant to influence overall gut health may play an insightful role in alleviating psychiatric symptoms, such as the cognitive templates of major depressive disorder, anxiety, or schizophrenia. Moreover, the administration of psychotropic drugs has been revealed to induce specific changes in a microbiome's diversity, suggesting their potential utility in combating bacterial infections. This review emphasizes the intricate correlations between psychiatric disorders and the gut microbiota, mentioning the promising approaches in regard to the modulation of probiotic and prebiotic treatments, as well as the antimicrobial effects of psychotropic medication.
Topics: Humans; Brain-Gut Axis; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Mental Disorders; Central Nervous System; Probiotics; Prebiotics
PubMed: 38542314
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063340 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2023The effects of probiotics have mostly been shown to be favorable on measures of anxiety and stress. More recent experiments indicate single- and multi-strain probiotics... (Review)
Review
The effects of probiotics have mostly been shown to be favorable on measures of anxiety and stress. More recent experiments indicate single- and multi-strain probiotics in treating motorrelated diseases. Initial studies in patients with Parkinson's disease and Prader-Willi syndrome are concordant with this hypothesis. In addition, probiotics improved motor coordination in normal animals and models of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury as well as grip strength in hepatic encephalopathy. Further studies should delineate the most optimal bacterial profile under each condition.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Motor Skills; Probiotics
PubMed: 37550907
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230807150523 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Oct 2022Introduction: infantile colic has always been a problem for caregivers, and research on probiotics in treating and preventing infant colic is still controversial.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Introduction: infantile colic has always been a problem for caregivers, and research on probiotics in treating and preventing infant colic is still controversial. Material and methods: trials were performed before November 2021 and retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Data extraction and quality evaluation of the trials were performed independently by two investigators. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. It includes nine randomized controlled trials in 587 infants with colic. Results: eight of these experiments described probiotics for the prevention and treatment of intestinal colic in infants, with 228 in the probiotics group and 227 in the placebo group, with a total effective rate (RR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.61 to 2.19, p < 0.00001). Conclusion: probiotics may improve therapeutic and preventive effects, especially within four weeks of probiotic treatment.
Topics: Colic; Humans; Infant; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36134592
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04011 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023Meta-analyses have not examined the prophylactic use of orally ingested probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for preventing gastrointestinal tract infections (GTIs) of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analyses have not examined the prophylactic use of orally ingested probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for preventing gastrointestinal tract infections (GTIs) of various etiologies in adult populations, despite evidence that these gut microbiota-targeted interventions can be effective in treating certain GTIs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effects of prophylactic use of orally ingested probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on GTI incidence, duration, and severity in nonelderly, nonhospitalized adults. CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through January 2022. English-language, peer-reviewed publications of randomized, placebo-controlled studies testing an orally ingested probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic intervention of any dose for ≥1 wk in adults who were not hospitalized, immunosuppressed, or taking antibiotics were included. Results were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses of intention-to-treat (ITT) and complete case (CC) cohorts. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 tool. Seventeen publications reporting 20 studies of probiotics (n = 16), prebiotics (n = 3), and synbiotics (n = 1) were identified (n > 6994 subjects). In CC and ITT analyses, risk of experiencing ≥1 GTI was reduced with probiotics (CC analysis-risk ratio: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.01) and prebiotics (risk ratio: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.98). No effects on GTI duration or severity were observed. Sources of heterogeneity included the study population and number of probiotic strains administered but were often unexplained, and a high risk of bias was observed for most studies. The specific effects of individual probiotic strains and prebiotic types could not be assessed owing to a lack of confirmatory studies. Findings indicated that both orally ingested probiotics and prebiotics, relative to placebo, demonstrated modest benefit for reducing GTI risk in nonelderly adults. However, results should be interpreted cautiously owing to the low number of studies, high risk of bias, and unexplained heterogeneity that may include probiotic strain-specific or prebiotic-specific effects. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020200670.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prebiotics; Synbiotics; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 36822240
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.02.002 -
Gut Microbes 2021is a class of organism that often appears in high-throughput sequencing data but has not been purely cultured and is widely present in the animal and human intestines.... (Review)
Review
is a class of organism that often appears in high-throughput sequencing data but has not been purely cultured and is widely present in the animal and human intestines. There is a strong association between variation in abundance and obesity, leanness, and human health. In addition, a growing body of studies has shown that is also implicated in other diseases, such as gallstones and chronic constipation, and has shown some correlation with the positive or negative changes in its course. Sequencing data combined with metabolic profiling indicate that is likely to be a genus capable of producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which is an important reference indicator for screening "next-generation probiotics ". Considering the positive effects of in some specific diseases, such as obesity-related metabolic diseases, it has already been characterized as one of the next-generation probiotic candidates and therefore has great potential for development and application in the future food, health care, and biopharmaceutical products.
Topics: Animals; Clostridiales; Humans; Probiotics
PubMed: 34693878
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987783