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Scientific Reports Oct 2023The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prostate carcinogenesis is a controversial issue. The presented meta-analysis was carried out to systematize the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prostate carcinogenesis is a controversial issue. The presented meta-analysis was carried out to systematize the currently available research results regarding this question. The meta-analysis includes case-control studies from 1991 to 2022, which were collected from publicly available bibliometric databases. The meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Essentials_1.5 software. We used Begg's and Egger's methods to assess publication bias. Cochran's Q test was used to assess heterogeneity and the I index was employed for calculating the variation in the pooled estimations. The analysis was based on data from 27 case-control studies, which in total yielded 1607 tumour tissue samples of prostate and 1515 control samples (317 samples of normal tissue, 1198 samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)). According to the data obtained, there was high risk of prostate cancer by HPV infection in both cases. HPV was found in prostate cancer in 25.8% of cases, while in normal tissue samples the virus was detected in 9.2% of cases and in 17.4% with BPH as a control. In particular, more studies on the association of HPV and prostate cancer are needed to prove the role of HPV in the development of prostate cancer. In addition to the controversial question of whether HPV infection is associated with prostate cancer risk, it is worth considering whether the samples used as a control have an impact on the results. The impact of HPV in prostate tumour tissue samples on outcome should also be investigated.
Topics: Male; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Papillomaviridae; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37789036
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43767-7 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Humans; Leadership; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prostatic Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32499278
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Urology Jan 2022Prostate biopsy is a very commonly performed office procedure leading to the diagnosis of the most prevalent solid-organ malignancy in American men. Although the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Prostate biopsy is a very commonly performed office procedure leading to the diagnosis of the most prevalent solid-organ malignancy in American men. Although the transrectal technique for prostate biopsy remains the gold standard, there is increasing interest in the transperineal approach as it offers a clean, percutaneous approach that significantly decreases the risk for infection. In this review, we discuss emerging developments in transperineal prostate biopsy that may optimize the way biopsies are performed in clinical practice.
RECENT FINDINGS
Similarly, to transrectal biopsy, the transperineal approach also allows for the performance of systematic and MRI-targeted biopsy cores. As transperineal biopsy obviates the translocation of rectal bacteria to the prostate or bloodstream, in contrast to transrectal biopsy, it is feasible to forgo peri-procedural antibiotics in accordance with professional guidelines. This may attenuate antimicrobial resistance that may be associated with augmented prophylaxis. In addition, although transperineal biopsy may be traditionally performed under general anesthesia using a template grid, it may also be performed freehand under local anesthesia or sedation. Avoiding prophylactic antibiotics and general anesthesia as well as reducing infections/hospitalizations for transperineal biopsy scaled nationally will likely result in significant healthcare savings.
SUMMARY
Transperineal biopsy with combined systematic and MRI-targeted cores, offers several advantages over conventional transrectal biopsy. Transperineal biopsy under local anesthesia and without periprocedural antibiotic is emerging as a promising method for prostate cancer diagnosis and surveillance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Perineum; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34783715
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000947 -
Andrology Jan 2021The recent report of SARS-CoV-2 presence in semen samples of six patients, including two subjects who were recovering from the clinical disease, re-opened the discussion... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The recent report of SARS-CoV-2 presence in semen samples of six patients, including two subjects who were recovering from the clinical disease, re-opened the discussion on possible male genital tract infection, virus shedding in semen, sexual transmission and safety of fertility treatments during the pandemic period.
OBJECTIVES
To explore current data and hypothesis on the possible sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male reproduction system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed the current literature to describe: a) the evidences on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (AC2E) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in the testes, accessory glands (including prostate) and the urinary tract; b) other coronaviruses' (SARS and MERS) ability to infect these sites.
RESULTS
The co-expression of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes was reported in spermatogonial stem cells, elongated spermatids, in at least a small percentage of prostate hillock cells and in renal tubular cells. Testicular damage was described in autopsies of SARS patients, without evidence of the virus in the specimens. Prostate is a known infection site for MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in urines.
DISCUSSION
There are still al lot of open questions on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive tract. The presence of receptors is not a proof that the testis provides a site for viral infection and it is still unknown if SARS-CoV-2 is capable to pass the blood-testis barrier. The possibility of a prostate involvement has not been investigated yet: we have no data, but theoretically it cannot be excluded. Moreover, the RNA detected in semen could have been just a residual of urinary shedding.
CONCLUSION
Opening our prospective beyond the testis could be the key to better understand the possibility of a semen-related viral transmission as well as COVID19 short and long-term effects on male reproductive function.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; COVID-19; Humans; Male; Receptors, Virus; SARS-CoV-2; Semen; Serine Endopeptidases; Testis; Virus Internalization; Virus Shedding
PubMed: 32533891
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12839 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Feb 2021
Topics: Abscess; Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33619070
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200470 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022We aimed to clarify the presence and localization of the prostate microbiota and examine its association with benign prostate enlargement (BPE).
INTRODUCTION
We aimed to clarify the presence and localization of the prostate microbiota and examine its association with benign prostate enlargement (BPE).
METHODS
The microbiota of prostate tissues and catheterized urine from 15 patients were analyzed by 16S metagenomic analysis and compared to show that the prostate microbiota was not a contaminant of the urinary microbiota. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and in situ hybridization (ISH) using the specific probe for eubacteria was performed on prostate tissue to show the localization of bacteria in the prostate. The BPE group was defined as prostate volume ≥30 mL, and the non-BPE group as prostate volume <30 mL. The microbiota of the two groups were compared to clarify the association between prostate microbiota and BPE.
RESULTS
Faith's phylogenetic diversity index of prostate tissue was significantly higher than that of urine (42.3±3.8 vs 25.5±5.6, P=0.01). Principal coordinate analysis showed a significant difference between the microbiota of prostate tissue and catheterized urine (P<0.01). FISH and ISH showed the presence of bacteria in the prostatic duct. Comparison of prostate microbiota between the BPE and non-BPE groups showed that the Chao1 index of the BPE group was significantly lower than that of the latter [142 (50-316) vs 169 (97-665), P=0.047] and the abundance of Burkholderia was significantly higher in the BPE group than in the latter.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that the prostate microbiota was located in the prostatic duct and reduced diversity of prostate microbiota was associated with BPE, suggesting that prostate microbiota plays a role in BPE.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Phylogeny; Prostatic Hyperplasia
PubMed: 36569206
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1048319 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic proliferative disease showing stromal-dominant proliferation. However, the detailed proliferation mechanism has remained... (Review)
Review
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic proliferative disease showing stromal-dominant proliferation. However, the detailed proliferation mechanism has remained unclear. Although aging and androgen have been reported as definitive risk factors for BPH, recent studies have focused on the involvement of androgen-independent factors. Androgen-independent factors include ischemia, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, infection, autoimmune reactions, and inflammation, with inflammation in BPH tissues playing a central role in the BPH proliferative process. Inflammation in BPH tissues by various factors finally leads to tissue remodeling and stromal proliferation through the wound healing process of the prostate. To elucidate the proliferative mechanism of BPH, a study using whole-genome gene expression analysis in a stromal-dominant BPH rat model was performed and showed that immune response-related pathways and complement classical pathways are activated. Furthermore, expression analysis using this BPH rat model showed that the autoimmune reaction triggered complement pathway activation in the proliferative process of BPH. BPH is a multifactorial disease, and understanding the role of androgen-independent factors including immune responses contributes to elucidating the pathogenesis of BPH. Androgen-independent factors may lead to new therapeutic targets for BPH, and further development of this research is expected.
Topics: Humans; Male; Rats; Animals; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Androgens; Prostate; Inflammation; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37511400
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411634 -
Biomolecules Feb 2022It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive... (Review)
Review
It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive studies from different geographical areas and nationalities have shown that moderate and heavy drinking is positively correlated with the development of PCa. Nevertheless, some observations could not confirm that such a correlation exists; some even suggest that wine consumption could prevent or slow prostate tumor growth. Here, we have rigorously analyzed the evidence both for and against the role of alcohol in PCa development. We found that many of the epidemiological studies did not consider other, potentially critical, factors, including diet (especially, low intake of fish, vegetables and linoleic acid, and excessive use of red meat), smoking, family history of PCa, low physical activity, history of high sexual activities especially with early age of first intercourse, and sexually transmitted infections. In addition, discrepancies between observations come from selectivity criteria for control groups, questionnaires about the type and dosage of alcohol, and misreported alcohol consumption. The lifetime history of alcohol consumption is critical given that a prostate tumor is typically slow-growing; however, many epidemiological observations that show no association monitored only current or relatively recent drinking status. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that high alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. Thus, we recommend immediately quitting alcohol for patients diagnosed with PCa. We discuss the features of alcohol metabolism in the prostate tissue and the damaging effect of ethanol metabolites on intracellular organization and trafficking. In addition, we review the impact of alcohol consumption on prostate-specific antigen level and the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lastly, we highlight the known mechanisms of alcohol interference in prostate carcinogenesis and the possible side effects of alcohol during androgen deprivation therapy.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Androgen Antagonists; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35327568
DOI: 10.3390/biom12030375 -
Oncogene Jul 2023Tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells that increase in number following infection or injury to robustly activate the innate immune response to alleviate or...
Tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells that increase in number following infection or injury to robustly activate the innate immune response to alleviate or promote disease. Recent studies of castration resistant prostate cancer and its subtype, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, revealed Pou2f3+ populations in mouse models. The transcription factor Pou2f3 is a master regulator of the tuft cell lineage. We show that tuft cells are upregulated early during prostate cancer development, and their numbers increase with progression. Cancer-associated tuft cells in the mouse prostate express DCLK1, COX1, COX2, while human tuft cells express COX1. Mouse and human tuft cells exhibit strong activation of signaling pathways including EGFR and SRC-family kinases. While DCLK1 is a mouse tuft cell marker, it is not present in human prostate tuft cells. Tuft cells that appear in mouse models of prostate cancer display genotype-specific tuft cell gene expression signatures. Using bioinformatic analysis tools and publicly available datasets, we characterized prostate tuft cells in aggressive disease and highlighted differences between tuft cell populations. Our findings indicate that tuft cells contribute to the prostate cancer microenvironment and may promote development of more advanced disease. Further research is needed to understand contributions of tuft cells to prostate cancer progression.
Topics: Male; Mice; Humans; Animals; Prostate; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Signal Transduction; Prostatic Neoplasms; Epithelial Cells; Tumor Microenvironment; Doublecortin-Like Kinases
PubMed: 37386128
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02743-1 -
Asian Journal of Andrology 2020For more than nine decades, transurethral resection of the prostate remains the gold standard for the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign... (Review)
Review
For more than nine decades, transurethral resection of the prostate remains the gold standard for the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic obstruction. The occurrence of urethral strictures after transurethral resection of the prostate is one of the major late complications and has been reported as the leading cause of iatrogenic urethral strictures in patients older than 45 years who underwent urethroplasty. Although several postulations have been proposed to explain the urethral stricture after transurethral resection of the prostate, the exact etiology of urethral stricture after TURP is still controversial. Suggested etiological factors of urethral stricture formation after transurethral resection of the prostate include infection, mechanical trauma, prolonged indwelling catheter time, use of local anesthesia, and electrical injury by a stray current. One single treatment option is not appropriate for all stricture types. The management of urethral stricture following transurethral resection of the prostate includes minimally invasive endoscopic methods, including urethral dilation and direct visual incision, or open surgical procedures with varying urethroplasty techniques. Although scientific studies focusing on urethral strictures after transurethral resection of the prostate are relatively limited and sparse, we can apply the principles of urethral stricture management before making decisions on individual stricture treatment.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Transurethral Resection of Prostate; Urethra; Urethral Stricture
PubMed: 31898584
DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_126_19