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Scientific Reports Sep 2022Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections in the world. There are approximately 276 million cases worldwide. Most men...
Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections in the world. There are approximately 276 million cases worldwide. Most men remain undiagnosed and untreated because they are asymptomatic. The chronic inflammation induced by persistent infection may increase the risk of developing genitourinary cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between trichomoniasis and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa), and bladder cancer (BC) in Taiwan. We designed a case-control study by using the database of the National Health Insurance program in Taiwan. We used the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision classifications to classify all the medical conditions in the case and control groups. All odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for all comorbidities and variables. From 2000 to 2015, we enrolled a total of 62,544 individuals as the case group and 187,632 as the control group. Trichomoniasis exposure had a significant association with BPH and PCa (adjusted OR: BPH = 2.685, 95% CI = 1.233-4.286, P = 0.013; PCa = 5.801, 95% CI = 1.296-26.035, P = 0.016). The relative risk was much higher if patients had both trichomoniasis and depression (adjusted OR = 7.682, 95% CI = 5.730-9.451, P < 0.001). Men with trichomoniasis had a significantly higher risk of developing BPH and PCa than those without. Healthcare professionals should not only pay more attention to disease treatment, but also to public health education.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Trichomonas Infections; Urinary Bladder Diseases
PubMed: 36100630
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19561-2 -
World Journal of Urology Sep 2021Sepsis after prostate biopsy is a costly and potentially lethal complication. We sought to assess whether enhanced antibiotic prophylaxis regimens combining oral and...
PURPOSE
Sepsis after prostate biopsy is a costly and potentially lethal complication. We sought to assess whether enhanced antibiotic prophylaxis regimens combining oral and parenteral antibiotics may decrease the risk of post-biopsy urinary tract infection and sepsis compared to regimens with only oral antibiotics.
METHODS
We identified men with commercial insurance who underwent prostate biopsy (2009-2015) with prophylactic antibiotic coverage. Our primary exposure of interest was antibiotic regimen: enhanced, oral-only, and parenteral-only. Post-biopsy outcomes of interest included urinary tract infections and sepsis/bacteremia after prostate biopsy. We used bivariate testing to assess associations between outcomes, exposures, and other covariates of interest. Multivariable regression was used to estimate adjusted odds of infectious outcomes based on antibiotic regimen.
RESULTS
We identified 163,831 men who underwent prostate biopsy. The proportion of men with infectious complications (5.5% in 2009 to 6.9% in 2015, p < 0.001) and sepsis (0.24% in 2009 to 0.30% in 2015, p = 0.327) increased over the timeframe of our analysis. Use of fluoroquinolones was associated with a decreased risk of infectious outcomes (5.8 vs 7.3% without, OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.88). Use of enhanced antibiotic regimens was associated with an increased risk of infectious outcomes (6.8 vs 5.7% oral, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16-1.31) and sepsis (0.34 vs 0.24% oral, OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.08-1.82) among our cohort.
CONCLUSION
We did not observe a significant reduction in infectious complications among men who received enhanced antibiotics regimens before prostate biopsy. This may be due to increased antibiotic resistance or unmeasured risk factors among those receiving enhanced regimens.
Topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacterial Infections; Biopsy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prostate; Risk Assessment; Sepsis; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33772321
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03674-w -
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer Dec 2023The associations among SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and total serum prostate serum antigen (PSA) levels in men undergoing screening for prostate cancer are unknown.
INTRODUCTION
The associations among SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and total serum prostate serum antigen (PSA) levels in men undergoing screening for prostate cancer are unknown.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of data from a large health maintenance organization. Records of individuals aged 50 to 75 years with two serum PSA tests taken between March 2018 and November 2021 were included. Individuals with prostate cancer were excluded. Changes in PSA levels were compared between individuals who had at least 1 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and/or infection between the two PSA tests and individuals who did not have an infection and were not vaccinated between the two PSA tests. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the impact of the elapsed time between the event and the second PSA test on the results.
RESULTS
The study and control groups included 6,733 (29%) and 16 286 (71%) individuals, respectively. Although the median time between PSA tests was shorter in the study vs. the control group (440 vs. 469 days, P<.001), PSA elevation between the tests was higher in the study group (0.04 vs. 0.02, P<.001). The relative risk for PSA elevation ≥1 ng/dL was 1.22 (95% CI 1.1, 1.35). Among individuals who were vaccinated, PSA increased by 0.03 ng/dL (IQR -0.12, 0.28) and 0.09 ng/dL (IQR -0.05, 0.34) after 1 and 3 doses, respectively (P<.001). Multivariate linear regression showed that SARS-CoV-2 events (β 0.043; 95% CI 0.026-0.06) were associated with a greater risk for PSA elevation, after adjusting for age, baseline PSA and days between PSA tests.
CONCLUSION
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations are associated with a slight increase in PSA, with the third anti-COVID vaccine dose having a more prominent impact, but its clinical significance is unknown yet. Any significant increase in PSA must be investigated and cannot be dismissed as secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Male; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination
PubMed: 37270370
DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.05.001 -
Cancer Aug 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Cancer Survivors; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33882148
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33588 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Jun 2021All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign... (Review)
Review
All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa). After that, many histology, biochemistry, epidemiology studies explained the association and associated risk factor for the same. From the various scientific evidence, it is proved that both diseases share some common transcription factors and signalling pathways. Still, BPH cannot be considered as the first step of PCa progression. To define, the relationship between both of the diseases, a well-defined large epidemiological study is needed. Along with androgen signalling, imbalanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microbial infection also crucial factors that significantly affect the pathogenesis of BPH. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. Androgen signalling is the driving force for the progress of PCa. In PCa androgen signalling is upregulated as compared to a healthy prostate. Some dominant Androgen-regulated genes and their functions have been discussed in this work.
Topics: Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32960781
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0051 -
JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics Sep 2021This study examined changes in prostate disease screening (prostatic-specific antigen [PSA] testing), prostate biopsy testing, and prostate cancer diagnoses during the...
PURPOSE
This study examined changes in prostate disease screening (prostatic-specific antigen [PSA] testing), prostate biopsy testing, and prostate cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic through December 2020.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This analysis included test results from men ≥ 40 years, without prior International Classification of Diseases-10 record of prostate cancer since January 2016, who received PSA or prostate biopsy testing at Quest Diagnostics during January 2018-December 2020. Monthly trends were evaluated for three periods: prepandemic (January 2018-February 2020), early-pandemic (March-May 2020), and late-pandemic (June-December 2020).
RESULTS
Meeting inclusion criteria were 16,365,833 PSA and 48,819 prostate biopsy results. The average monthly number of PSA tests declined from 465,187 prepandemic to 295,786 early-pandemic (36.4% decrease; = .01) before rebounding to 483,374 (3.9% increase; = .23) late-pandemic. The monthly average number of PSA results ≥ 50 ng/mL (23,356; 0.14% of all PSA results) dipped from 659 prepandemic to 506 early-pandemic (23.2% decrease; = .02) and rebounded to 674 late-pandemic (2.3% increase; = .65). The average monthly number of prostate biopsy results decreased from 1,453 prepandemic to 903 early-pandemic (37.9% decrease; = .01) before rebounding to 1,190 late-pandemic (18.1% decrease; = .01). The average monthly number for Gleason score ≥ 8 (6,241; 12.8% of all prostate biopsies) declined from 182 prepandemic to 130 early-pandemic (28.6% decrease; = .02) and decreased to 161 late-pandemic (11.5% decrease; = .02).
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that a substantial number of prostate screening opportunities and cancer diagnoses have been missed. Efforts are needed to bring such patients back for screening and diagnostic testing and to restore appropriate care for non-COVID-19-related medical conditions.
Topics: Biopsy; COVID-19; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34648367
DOI: 10.1200/CCI.21.00074 -
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Sep 2020Prostate cancer patients' management demands prioritization, adjustments, and a tailored approach during the unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Benefit of care from... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer patients' management demands prioritization, adjustments, and a tailored approach during the unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Benefit of care from treatment must be carefully weighed against the potential of infection and morbidity from COVID-19. Furthermore, urologists need to be cognizant of their obligation for wise consumption of restricted healthcare resources and protection of the safety of their coworkers. Nonurgent in-person clinic visits should be postponed or conducted remotely via phone or teleconference. Prostate cancer screening, imaging, and biopsies may be suspended in general. Treatment may be safely deferred in low and intermediate risk patients. Surgery may be delayed in most high-risk patients and neoadjuvant ADT is generally not advocated prior to surgery. Initiation of long-term ADT coupled with EBRT subsequent to the pandemic may be favored as a feasible alternative in high-risk and very high-risk disease. In patients with cN1 disease, treatment within 6 weeks is advocated. Presurgery assessment should include testing for COVID-19 and preferably a chest imaging. In the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, surgery should be postponed whenever possible. All protective measurements suggested by national/international authorities must to be diligently followed during perioperative period. Strict precautions specific to laparoscopic/robotic surgery are required, considering the unproven but potential risk of aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 virus and spillage with pneumoperitoneum. Regarding radiotherapy, shortest safe EBRT regimen should be favored and prophylactic whole pelvic RT and brachytherapy avoided. Chemotherapy should be avoided whenever possible.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Management; Early Detection of Cancer; Global Health; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prostatic Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32690870
DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0258-7 -
Future Oncology (London, England) Sep 2020
Topics: Androgens; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Carcinogenesis; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Progression; Esters; Estrogens; Gabexate; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Guanidines; Humans; Lung; Male; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protease Inhibitors; RNA-Seq; SARS-CoV-2; Serine Endopeptidases; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Virus Internalization; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 32658591
DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0571 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Abscess; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Prostate; Liver; Klebsiella Infections
PubMed: 37493754
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0262-2023 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2022
Topics: Brazil; COVID-19; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35195387
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2021.0673