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Medicine Nov 2023Prostate tuberculosis (PTB) has no specific symptoms, or insidious presentation in male reproductive system tuberculosis, and is difficult to detect in the early stage.... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Prostate tuberculosis (PTB) has no specific symptoms, or insidious presentation in male reproductive system tuberculosis, and is difficult to detect in the early stage. When PTB develops to the late stage, it leads to disease progression and irreversible organ and tissue damage. At present, the imaging manifestations of prostate tuberculosis vary and are not well known to imaging physicians and urologists.
DIAGNOSES AND INTERVENTIONS
This case was a PTB patient, whose main manifestation was elevated serum prostate-specific antigen and the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. We analyzed the imaging performance of various imaging techniques, and summarized and explored the imaging characteristics reported in the previous literature, with the aim of improving the early detection rate and providing evidence-based practice for early regular antituberculosis treatment in PTB.
OUTCOMES
The multiparametric transrectal ultrasound performance of PTB is characteristic, and can be used for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer causing elevated prostate-specific antigen levels in aged men.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Image-Guided Biopsy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; Tuberculosis, Male Genital
PubMed: 38013327
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036172 -
Urology Case Reports May 2022Blastomycosis is an endemic infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, found primarily in the southeastern, south-central, and Midwest United States. While the...
Blastomycosis is an endemic infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, found primarily in the southeastern, south-central, and Midwest United States. While the majority of infections typically present with pulmonary manifestations, they rarely present with symptoms isolated to the prostate. In order to better understand the clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment of blastomycosis of the prostate, we present a 59-year-old male with urinary retention and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
PubMed: 35145870
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102007 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Apr 2022Prostatitis affects about 16% of men in their lifetime and sometimes leading to prostate cancer. Bacterial infections are the most common causes of prostatitis....
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Prostatitis affects about 16% of men in their lifetime and sometimes leading to prostate cancer. Bacterial infections are the most common causes of prostatitis. Diagnosis of the causative agents of bacterial prostate infections plays an essential role in timely treating and preventing secondary complications. This study isolated bacterial infectious agents in patients' surgical prostate and evaluated them by routine and molecular microbiological methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 72 prostate biopsy specimens were collected from the Orology Departmen of hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. All samples were cultured in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Antibiotic susceptibility test by Kirby-Bauer standard method was performed for all isolated bacteria. In addition, all isolated bacteria were identified using 16S rDNA PCR and sanger sequencing methods. Also, TaqMan real-time PCR was applied to detect and
RESULTS
In conventional culture method, out of 18 positive samples, 15 samples (83.3%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 samples (16.6%) were Gram-positive bacteria, containing (55.5%), (11.1%), (5.5%), (11.1%), (11.1%), and (5.5%). The results of molecular identification methods were the same as conventional culture results. Also, four patients were , and three patients were positive for .
CONCLUSION
Most bacteria isolated from prostate specimens belonged to the family, especially and were cocci isolated in the specimens too. Also, and were identified in prostatitis.
PubMed: 35765546
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i2.9182 -
International Maritime Health 2020Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have always been a major health issue affecting military personnel in all types of services and in all armed forces around the... (Review)
Review
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have always been a major health issue affecting military personnel in all types of services and in all armed forces around the world, especially during deployments and in operational settings. Although the research shows that STIs are still reported in the military, the epidemiological risk for contracting a sexually transmitted infection is much lower nowadays than it was in the past. It is important, however, that service members are routinely screened for sexually transmitted diseases. Because of a high prevalence of STIs in the general population as well as the asymptomatic nature of some infections (e.g. HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis), screening of the sexually active service personnel is recommended as a practical method of preventing the spread of STIs and their sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women or epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility in men. The rates of STIs in service members have been on the increase in recent years, which may be associated with the fact that more and more women are now seeking a career in the armed forces. Currently, STIs do not only affect male soldiers or their civilian sexual partners (either long-term or casual), but both male and female soldiers alike, especially if they are serving together. The article focuses on the prevalence of STIs in the military in the past and at present, the common STI risk factors and prevention measures.
Topics: Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Military Personnel; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 33001434
DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2020.0037 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Jun 2020The pandemic caused by the new SARS / Cov-2 Coronavirus represents an unprecedented scenario in modern medicine that affects many aspects of daily healthcare. Lower... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The pandemic caused by the new SARS / Cov-2 Coronavirus represents an unprecedented scenario in modern medicine that affects many aspects of daily healthcare. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has a high prevalence and is related to high consumption of health resources. For this reason, we performed a revision of the management of LUTS and HBP during and after COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A group of experts in benign prostatic hyperplasia from different regions of Spain were selected to design a strategy to reorganize the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms during the pandemic. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken and a set of recommendations are generated.
RESULTS
Recommendations for the management of LUTS-BPH during and after the SARS/CoV2 coronavirus pandemic outbreak consist of promoting telemedicine and developing joint protocols with Primary Care Attention .Clear diagnostic and treatment criteria and referral criteria must be established. Referral of patients for risk complications such as kidney failure, recurrent hematuria and obstructive uropathy are a priority. Surgeries due to BPH are generally potentially delayed until phases I and II of the pandemic, in which the percentage of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 does not exceed 25%, and it is necessary to determine COVID19 negativity. The surgical technique that associates the least complications and the shortest stay should be selected.
CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis and prescription of treatment for BPH during the COVID-19 pandemic should be based on telemedicine and joint protocols for primary care attention and urology. Elective surgical treatment can be delayed until we are in phases I or II, individualizing the surgical and anaesthetic technique of choice to minimize risks.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Referral and Consultation; SARS-CoV-2; Spain
PubMed: 32538810
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine May 2022Immunosuppressive treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine increases the risk for positive urine cultures (PUCs) in dogs.
BACKGROUND
Immunosuppressive treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine increases the risk for positive urine cultures (PUCs) in dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence and incidence of PUC in dogs diagnosed with cancer and treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy while distinguishing between subclinical bacteriuria (SB) and urinary tract infection (UTI).
ANIMALS
Forty-six client-owned dogs with nonurogenital cancer treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy.
METHODS
Prospective observational longitudinal clinical study. Dogs in which a urine culture was performed before the start of and at least once during antineoplastic chemotherapy were included. A McNemar's test was used to investigate if the prevalence of PUC increased during antineoplastic chemotherapy. Positive urine cultures were categorized into SB and UTI and multiple PUCs from the same dog and category were grouped together as 1 episode of PUC.
RESULTS
Urine culture was positive in 21/185 urine samples in 8/46 dogs. Antineoplastic chemotherapy did not influence the prevalence of PUC (P = 1.00), which was 11% (5/46 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 5-23%) before the start of and 13% (6/46 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 6-26%) during antineoplastic chemotherapy. Eight dogs had 10 episodes of PUC; 7/10 episodes were classified as SB, and in 3/10 episodes UTI (chronic prostatitis, prostatic abscess, and emphysematous cystitis) was diagnosed. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, isolated in 9/10 episodes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
We did not find evidence that antineoplastic chemotherapy is a major predisposing factor for the development of PUC. Most dogs with PUC had SB.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Male; Urinalysis; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35524488
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16410 -
World Journal of Urology Sep 2022To compare infectious complications after transrectal systematic prostate biopsy (SB) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TB) in a large retrospective...
PURPOSE
To compare infectious complications after transrectal systematic prostate biopsy (SB) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TB) in a large retrospective cohort to assess whether one technique is superior to the other regarding infectious complications.
METHODS
A total of 4497 patients underwent 5288 biopsies, 2875 (54%) SB and 2413 (46%) MRI-TB only. On average, 12 SB cores and 3.7 MRI-TB cores were taken per biopsy session during the study period. Infection-related complications within 30 days were compared. The primary endpoint was a positive urine culture. Secondary endpoints were positive blood cultures, urine tests with elevated leukocytes ≥ 100 E6/L and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 100 mg/L. Chi-square test was used to compare the cohorts.
RESULTS
Positive urine cultures were found in 77 (2.7%) after SB and in 42 (1.7%) after MRI-TB (p = 0.022). In total, 46 (0.9%) blood culture positive infections were found, 23 (0.9%) occurred after SB and 23 (1.0%) after MRI-TB, (p = 0.848). Urine tests with elevated leukocytes ≥ 100 E6/L were found in 111 (3.9%) after SB and in 61 (2.5%) after MRI-TB (p = 0.006). Elevated CRP ≥ 100 mg/L was found in 122 (4.2%) after SB and in 72 (3.0%) after MRI-TB (p = 0.015). Blood cultures were drawn more often after SB than after MRI-TB, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, urine cultures and CRP were taken more often after SB than MRI-TB.
CONCLUSION
Blood culture positive infections were equally rare after SB and MRI-TB. However, all other infectious complications were more common after SB than MRI-TB.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 35930069
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04104-1 -
Biology of Reproduction May 2023Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide and it is widely acknowledged that controlling the rampant community transmission of this...
Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide and it is widely acknowledged that controlling the rampant community transmission of this infection requires vaccine development. In this study, for the first time, we elucidate the long-term response to male mouse chlamydial vaccination with chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and ISCOMATRIX (IMX) both prophylactically and in a novel therapeutic setting. Vaccination significantly reduced and, in some cases, cleared chlamydial burden from the prostates, epididymides, and testes, which correlates with high IgG and IgA tires in tissues and serum. Important markers of sperm health and fertility were protected including sperm motility and proteins associated with fertility in men. Within splenocytes, expression of IFNγ, TNFα, IL17, IL13, IL10, and TGFβ were changed by both infection and vaccination within CD4 and CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells. Within the testicular tissue, phenotypic and concentration changes were observed in macrophages and T cells (resident and transitory). This revealed some pathogenic phenotypes associated with infection and critically that vaccination allows maintenance of testicular homeostasis, likely by preventing significant influx of CD4 T cells and promoting IL10 production. Finally, we demonstrated the testes contained immature (B220+) B cells and mature (CD138+) Chlamydia-specific plasma cells. Thus, through vaccination, we can maintain the healthy function of the testes, which is vital to protection of male fertility.
Topics: Male; Animals; Mice; Chlamydia muridarum; Chlamydia Infections; Interleukin-10; Semen; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Vaccination; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 36799886
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad021 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2023Microbiota of the urinary tract may be associated with urinary tract malignancy, including prostate cancer. We retrospectively collected patients with newly diagnosed...
Microbiota of the urinary tract may be associated with urinary tract malignancy, including prostate cancer. We retrospectively collected patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and subjects without prostate cancer from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016. A total of 5510 subjects were recruited and followed until the diagnosis of a primary outcome (urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis). : We found that the patients with prostate cancer had a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections than those without prostate cancer. The adjusted hazard ratios for pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and cystitis were 2.30 (95% CI = 1.36-3.88), 2.04 (95% CI = 1.03-4.05), and 4.02 (95 % CI = 2.11-7.66), respectively. We clearly identified the sites of infection and associated comorbidities in the prostate cancer patients with urinary tract infections. In addition, we found that the patients receiving radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy had a lower risk of urinary tract infections than the patients in corresponding control groups. : Our study suggests that an abnormal urine microbiome could potentially contribute to the development of prostate cancer through inflammation and immune dysregulation. Furthermore, an imbalanced microbiome may facilitate bacterial overgrowth in urine, leading to urinary tract infections. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Further research is needed to better understand the role of the urine microbiome in prostate cancer pathogenesis and to identify potential microbiome-targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; Androgen Antagonists; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Tract Infections; Pyelonephritis; Cystitis
PubMed: 36984484
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030483 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jul 2023Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Because symptoms of...
BACKGROUND
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Because symptoms of these infections often overlap with other urogenital infections, misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment can occur unless appropriate STI diagnostic testing is performed in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to describe STI diagnostic testing and antimicrobial treatment patterns and trends among adolescent and adult men and women with lower genitourinary tract symptoms (LGUTS).
METHODS
We analyzed insurance claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. Patients included were between 14 and 64 years old with LGUTS as determined by selected International Classification of Diseases codes between January 2010 and December 2019. Testing of STIs and relevant drug claims were captured, and distribution of testing patterns and drug claims were described.
RESULTS
In total, 23,537,812 episodes with LGUTS (87.4% from women; 12.6% from men) were analyzed from 12,341,154 patients. CT/NG testing occurred in only 17.6% of all episodes. For episodes where patients received treatment within 2 weeks of the visit date, 89.3% received treatment within the first 3 days (likely indicating presumptive treatment), and 77.7% received it on the first day. For women with pelvic inflammatory disease and men with orchitis/epididymitis and acute prostatitis, ≤ 15% received CT/NG testing, and around one-half received antibiotic treatment within 3 days.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study revealed low CT/NG testing rates, even in patients diagnosed with complications commonly associated with these STIs, along with high levels of potentially inappropriate presumptive treatment. This highlights the need for timely and accurate STI diagnosis in patients with LGUTS to inform appropriate treatment recommendations.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Male; Humans; Female; United States; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Gonorrhea; Outpatients; Chlamydia Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Prevalence
PubMed: 37442964
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08434-2