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Psychiatry Research Jul 2022The rates of posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) are high among refugee populations. At the same time, evidence is emerging of intergenerational transmission of... (Review)
Review
The rates of posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) are high among refugee populations. At the same time, evidence is emerging of intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. The objective of this study was to examine the current knowledge on risk and protective factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the non-exposed offspring of trauma-affected refugees. A systematic search was undertaken from 1 January 1981 to 5 February 2021 (PubMed, Embase, PSYCInfo). Studies were included if they reported on families of trauma-exposed refugee parents and mental health outcomes in their non-exposed children. The search yielded 1415 results and twelve articles met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies emphasized the negative effects of parental mental health symptoms. There was substantial evidence of an association between parental PTSD and increased risk of psychological problems in offspring. Parenting style was identified as both a potential risk and protective factor. Risk/protective factors at the individual and family level were identified, but findings were inconclusive due to sample sizes and study designs. There is a need for evidence-based interventions aimed at improving child outcomes, especially by improving parental mental health and reinforcing parenting skills. Future research should aim to incorporate broader aspects of child development.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parenting; Parents; Protective Factors; Refugees; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35580432
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114604 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022While the prevalence of young people's conventional cigarette use has decreased in many countries, the use of e-cigarettes has risen. To effectively counteract the... (Review)
Review
While the prevalence of young people's conventional cigarette use has decreased in many countries, the use of e-cigarettes has risen. To effectively counteract the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people internationally, researchers should know the exact prevalence as well as the protective and risk factors associated with vaping. Based on five eligibility criteria, 53 articles were chosen and analyzed by general characteristics, prevalence, sample characteristics, gender difference, protective factors, and risk factors. In this study, the international pooled prevalence of young people's lifetime e-cigarette use was 15.3%, the current use was 7.7%, and dual use was 4.0%. While the highest lifetime, current, and dual prevalence were found in Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom, respectively, the lowest prevalence was found in Germany, followed by South Korea and Sweden. Some protective and risk factors include perceived cost and danger of vaping, parental monitoring, internal developmental assets, cigarette use, family and peer smoking, exposure to online advertisements, and the presence of nearby retail stores. Based on this review, researchers and practitioners can develop different intervention programs and strategies for young smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Prevalence; Protective Factors; Smoking; Vaping
PubMed: 36141845
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811570 -
Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon,... Apr 2020: Depressive symptoms complicate pain management for people with FM, with adverse consequences such as a greater need for pain medications and limited pain coping...
: Depressive symptoms complicate pain management for people with FM, with adverse consequences such as a greater need for pain medications and limited pain coping strategies. Determining risks and protective factors associated with depressive symptoms in persons with FM could inform the development and implementation of mental health interventions.: To formulate and test a behavioral activation model of depression with mindfulness as a protective factor for people with FM.: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey with 117 adults with FM from community and clinic networks. Path analysis was used to assess the relationships of pain intensity, perceived stress, activity interference, pain catastrophizing and mindfulness with depressive symptoms.: Mindfulness has a negative direct association with depressive symptoms and a negative indirect association with depressive symptoms through perceived stress, activity interference and pain catastrophizing. Perceived stress, activity interference and pain catastrophizing had direct associations with depressive symptoms. Finally, perceived stress, activity interference and pain catastrophizing had indirect associations with depressive symptoms through pain intensity.: Mindfulness seems to play an important role as a protective factor against the negative effects of stress and depression among people with FM and should be included in mental health interventions for chronic pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Catastrophization; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mindfulness; Pain; Pain Management; Protective Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 29271273
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417555 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022In Chile, studies on protective factors and risk factors for sexual violence are limited and very few have incorporated analysis of different types of capital (social,...
In Chile, studies on protective factors and risk factors for sexual violence are limited and very few have incorporated analysis of different types of capital (social, economic, human) as social resources in the protection against sexual violence. The objective of this research is to evaluate to what extent the stock of different capitals act together, as either protective or risk factors in sexual violence in different interpersonal environments. The sample consisted of 1665 women between 15 and 30 years of age (M = 23.47, SD = 4.41). Artificial neural network analysis and social network analysis were used. The nodes representative of human and economic capital have a protective role of low relevance due to their position in the network, while the nodes of social capital acquire a structural relevance due to the central positions of the network. It is concluded that the structural social capital of neighborhood networks constitutes the main protective factor for sexual violence in all areas, and in turn, the structural social capital of networks with non-significant others was the main risk factor in sexual victimization.
Topics: Crime Victims; Female; Humans; Protective Factors; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Sex Offenses; Social Capital; Social Support
PubMed: 35055599
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020777 -
BMJ Open Jun 2021This paper reports findings identifying foundation and junior doctors' experiences of occupational and psychological protective factors in the workplace and sources of...
OBJECTIVES
This paper reports findings identifying foundation and junior doctors' experiences of occupational and psychological protective factors in the workplace and sources of effective support.
DESIGN
Interpretative, inductive, qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 21 junior doctor participants. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.11 to facilitate data management. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis employing the constant comparative method.
SETTING
National Health Service in the UK.
PARTICIPANTS
Participants were recruited from junior doctors through social media (eg, the British Medical Association (BMA) junior doctors' Facebook group, Twitter and the mental health research charity websites). A purposive sample of 16 females and 5 males, ethnically diverse, from a range of specialities, across the UK. Junior doctor participants self-identified as having stress, distress, anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts or having attempted to kill themselves.
RESULTS
Analysis identified three main themes, with corresponding subthemes relating to protective work factors and facilitators of support: (1) support from work colleagues - help with managing workloads and emotional support; (2) supportive leadership strategies, including feeling valued and accepted, trust and communication, supportive learning environments, challenging stigma and normalising vulnerability; and (3) access to professional support - counselling, cognitive-behavioural therapy and medication through general practitioners, specialist support services for doctors and private therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings show that supportive leadership, effective management practices, peer support and access to appropriate professional support can help mitigate the negative impact of working conditions and cultures experienced by junior doctors. Feeling connected, supported and valued by colleagues and consultants acts as an important buffer against emotional distress despite working under challenging working conditions.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Humans; Male; Medical Staff, Hospital; Protective Factors; Qualitative Research; State Medicine; United Kingdom; Workplace
PubMed: 34162643
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045588 -
Health Promotion International Apr 2021Many effective community health service delivery systems implemented in the USA assess risk and protective factors (RPFs) for youth problem behaviors in a community, and...
Many effective community health service delivery systems implemented in the USA assess risk and protective factors (RPFs) for youth problem behaviors in a community, and report these data back to local coalitions for prevention planning. This study examined whether community prevention coalitions in Chile and Colombia perceived these reports of RPFs-based on the results of the Communities That Care Youth Survey-to be understandable, valid, useful, and worth disseminating. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data collected from 7 focus groups with 75 coalition members. Results indicated heterogeneity between and within coalitions in terms of participants' understanding of RPFs. However, most participants found reports of RPFs to be easy to understand, thorough, 'true' to their communities, and useful for diagnosing and prioritizing needs, action planning, and mobilizing others in their communities. Findings suggest the viability of preventive systems that rely on community-level RPF data, for use in Latin America.
Topics: Adolescent; Chile; Colombia; Community Health Services; Humans; Preventive Medicine; Protective Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32830230
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa075 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2023The primary objectives were to investigate the association of resilience, purpose-in-life, and social connections in additive combinations with mental health outcomes of...
The primary objectives were to investigate the association of resilience, purpose-in-life, and social connections in additive combinations with mental health outcomes of caregivers: 1) reduced levels of loneliness and/or depression; and 2) higher levels of positive perception of aging and quality of life. The study sample was identified from adults age ≥65, who had completed a survey during May-June 2018 or May-June 2019, and self-identified as caregivers (N=1,015; 15.4%). Resilience, purpose-in-life, and social connections were dichotomized as high/low; then counted with equal weighting 0 to 3. Among caregiver respondents, 24%, 29%, 32%, and 15% had 0, 1, 2, or 3 of these protective factors, respectively. As the number of protective factors increased, loneliness and depression decreased and positive perception of aging and quality of life increased. Caregiver interventions that include a focus on psychological protective factors may help to buffer caregiving-related stress thereby improving mental health and quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Caregivers; Quality of Life; Stress, Psychological; Protective Factors; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Adaptation, Psychological
PubMed: 36791542
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.01.020 -
Molecular Oncology Mar 2021
Topics: Global Health; Humans; Neoplasms; Protective Factors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33660939
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12927 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022This study investigates the principal risk and protective factors associated with student distress and school dropout in a group of preadolescents, through a qualitative...
This study investigates the principal risk and protective factors associated with student distress and school dropout in a group of preadolescents, through a qualitative and quantitative comparison between the perspectives of students, parents, and teachers. We administered a questionnaire to evaluate student distress and school dropout in a middle school (student's age range 13-15 years). We afterwards analyzed the responses of students at risk of school dropout. We also administered a semi-structured interview with their parents and their teachers. The results indicated significant levels of school distress in students (Collective Distress > 8.75) and a problematic relationship between parents and students (22.42%). We also found a problematic relationship between teachers and students (24.39%). The main protective factor of student distress and school drop-out indicated by the students was a more sensitive and supportive relationship with both parents and teachers. On the contrary, parents and teachers indicated as possible causes of school distress and drop-out the intrinsic students' motivation or other external factors associated with the community. The results of our study highlight the importance to apply a multidimensional and transactional psycho-educational model, in which the relationship between the students and their caretaker plays a major role.
Topics: Adolescent; Educational Personnel; Humans; Protective Factors; School Teachers; Schools; Student Dropouts; Students
PubMed: 36231889
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912589 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Aug 2020This study describes the coverage of health insurance and compares the occurrence of risk factors (RF) and protective factors of noncommunicable diseases in the...
This study describes the coverage of health insurance and compares the occurrence of risk factors (RF) and protective factors of noncommunicable diseases in the population with and without health insurancesin Brazilianstate capitals. Data from the telephone survey Vigitel was analyzed. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR), comparing RF among those who did or did not have a health insurance. Plan coverage was 49.1%, and the highest prevalences were in Goiania, Vitória, Florianópolis, and Belo Horizonte. Adults over 55 years of age and with higher education were more likely to have an insurance. The population with health insurance hada higher prevalence of protective factors, such as fruit and vegetable consumption (PR = 1.3 95% CI 1.2-1.3), physical activity in their free time (PR = 1.2 (95% CI: 1.2-1.3), mammographies (RP = 1.2 IC95% 1.1-1.3) and pap smears (PR = 1.1 IC95% 1.2-1.3), and lower prevalence of RFs such as smoking (RP = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8), poor health (RP = 0.8 CI95% 0.6-0.9), obesity (RP = 0.8 IC95% 0.7-0.9), consumption of meat with fat (RP = 0.9 IC95% 0.8-0.9) and whole milk (RP = 0.9 IC95% 0,8-0.9). Regardless of educational level, the population that has health insurancesgenerally has better indicators, such as healthier habits and greater coverage of preventive exams.
Topics: Adult; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Insurance, Health; Noncommunicable Diseases; Prevalence; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 32785534
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020258.32762018