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Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2021Globally, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), represents more than 30% of all types of cancers in children aged between 0 and 9 years. In Peru, it has not been evaluated... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Globally, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), represents more than 30% of all types of cancers in children aged between 0 and 9 years. In Peru, it has not been evaluated whether exclusive breastfee ding (EB) is a protective factor for ALL.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the protective and risk factors associa ted with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children aged between 0 and 13 years in a national hospital in Lima, Peru.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
Observational, analytical study, case-control design. 112 cases diagnosed with ALL and 229 controls were evaluated. The data were collected by interviews with the mothers of both groups. The magnitude of the association between ALL and EB was estimated using the odds ratio (OR) and multivariate logistic regression in Stata v 12.
RESULTS
50.9% (57/112) of the cases and 51.5% (118/229) of the controls were male. The mean age of the cases was 6.7 ± 3.2 years and of the controls 5.7 ± 3.5 years. The mean age of the mothers of the cases was 35.9 ± 6.5 and of the controls was 34.1 ± 7.1 years. EB reduces the risk of ALL by 44% compared with those who did not receive it, OR 0.56, p = 0.017, 95% CI (0.35-0.90). Complete secondary education reduces the risk of ALL by 62%, OR 0.38 CI 95% (0.15-0.61).
CONCLUSIONS
Exclusive breastfeeding and the mother's complete secondary education are protective factors for the development of ALL in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breast Feeding; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Male; Mothers; Odds Ratio; Peru; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 34106181
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v92i1.2617 -
Psychiatria Polska Oct 2022The main aim of the research was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems in adolescents.
OBJECTIVES
The main aim of the research was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems in adolescents.
METHODS
The study group consisted of elementary and junior high school students from Ilawa aged 13-15 years (N=574). The self-administered, anonymous questionnaire had been completed during school lessons. Two groups of mental health problems were included in the study: internalizing (depressive symptoms and emotional problems) and externalizing (use of psychoactive substances, aggressive behavior, delinquency), as well as a number of psychosocial factors (parental support and control, school bonding, peer influence, victimization, leisure activities). Hierarchical logistic regression models with Wald statistics were used to identify risk and protective factors.
RESULTS
Parental support and control appeared to be universal protective factors that reduce the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. On the other hand, being a victim of peer violence and spending a lot of time on e-contacts appeared to be risk factors for both groups of adolescent mental health problems. In addition, sex, negative peer influences, school bonding, and use of computer / video games were important factors in the regression models.
CONCLUSIONS
Prevention of mental health problems should be directed to education of parents in the skills of support and monitoring adolescents, strengthening the bonding to school and resilience to the negative influences of peer company.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Mental Health; Protective Factors; Violence; Crime Victims; Aggression; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37074855
DOI: 10.12740/PP/139519 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2021To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence...
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence to treatment and/or mental health service utilization) and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior (SB), as well as the association between treatment compliance and reattempts.
METHODS
PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: (adolescent*) AND (suicide*) AND (risk factor OR protective factors) AND (treatment compliance OR treatment attrition OR treatment adherence OR treatment drop out OR treatment retention OR mental health utilization). We retrieved studies that focused on the relation of treatment compliance to risk and protective factors for SB and that had only adolescent samples.
RESULTS
Of 4,841 articles, 30 original articles were selected for review. Most studies indicated high mental health service (MHS) utilization and poor treatment adherence by SB patients. Social minority status and conduct disorder were associated with less treatment adherence, while female sex, parental perceived need for treatment, and major depression were associated with greater treatment adherence. Inpatient and intensive emergency care after SA and family interventions improved MHS utilization and treatment compliance. However, we found no substantial protective effect of treatment compliance against reattempts.
CONCLUSION
Effective treatment planning for compliance requires considering psychopathology, treatment planning, and social, familial, and individual factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Suicide, Completed
PubMed: 33533823
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1026 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jan 2022The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a difficult period for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and their families.
BACKGROUND
The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a difficult period for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and their families.
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of the quality of life (QoL) of children with ASD and their parents throughout the first lockdown, providing a snapshot of the impact of the pandemic on these families life.
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
A cohort of 243 parents of children with ASD (2-15 years old) completed an original online survey regarding the modification of ASD cores symptoms during lockdown, the type of interventions they had done before and during lockdown and the activities performed by the child. Respondents filled the PedsQL for themselves and their children.
OUTCOME AND RESULTS
The data obtained show a worsening of specific ASD core symptoms during lockdown and their role in predicting parents and children's QoL. Furthermore, protective factors for a better children's QoL as the Telehealth intervention, and some activities done at home during the lockdown as physical activity and play with parents are identified.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identifies the QoL's risk and protective factors for children with ASD and their families. Furthermore, reveals the fundamental role of the parents as children's QoL protective factor, suggesting a higher collaboration between families and health care providers, whilst potentially improving families and children's QoL.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Pandemics; Parents; Protective Factors; Quality of Life; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34826776
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104130 -
Systematic Reviews Aug 2021While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and...
BACKGROUND
While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and humanitarian crisis. This systematic review seeks to provide an overview of existing research on risk and protective factors associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict and humanitarian settings.
METHODS
Studies will be searched from the following databases: PubMed (Medline); PsycINFO; Scopus; Global Health; and Cochrane Center trials registrar. In addition, targeted searches of the internet repositories for GBV will be conducted. We will include studies that are published between January 1995 and December 2020 and document risk or protective factors for gender-based violence against women and girls in conflict or humanitarian settings. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract data for the review, with a third reviewer arbitrating disputes and ensuring quality. A quality assessment of the included studies will be undertaken using a modified GRADE system. Narrative synthesis will be utilized to analyze the data.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study will inform the design and delivery of GBV prevention programs in conflict and humanitarian settings as well as contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 5. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be utilized at the World Health Organization to inform efforts to prevent GBV in conflict and humanitarian settings.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
The protocol has been registered with PROSEPERO ( CRD42020198695 ).
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Humans; Protective Factors; Sex Offenses; Sexual Behavior; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34454625
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01795-2 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Jul 2019This study aimed to investigate resilience as a protective factor for depressive mood and anxiety among Korean employees.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate resilience as a protective factor for depressive mood and anxiety among Korean employees.
METHODS
Participants were employees of eight private and local government organizations in Korea, aged 19 to 65 years. A self-report questionnaire that included items on resilience, job stress, levels of depression and anxiety, and socio-demographic factors, was administered to 1,079 Korean employees, with 1,076 valid responses. We performed hierarchical linear regression analyses with the levels of depression and anxiety scores as dependent variables.
RESULTS
Being women and having a high level of job stress were associated with greater depressive mood and anxiety. In contrast, resilience was negatively related to depressive mood and anxiety, after adjusting for demographic variables and the level of job stress. Among the five factors for resilience, "support" and "hardiness" were protective factors for depressive mood and anxiety after adjusting for demographic variables and the level of job stress.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the current study, we suggest that focusing on the resilience of employees, especially on "support" and "hardiness," factors as well as developing and engaging in interventions that increase resilience in the workplace, can protect against depressive mood and anxiety, especially for those with high levels of job stress.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Health; Occupational Stress; Protective Factors; Republic of Korea; Resilience, Psychological; Self Report; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workplace; Young Adult
PubMed: 31293112
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e188 -
BMJ Open Nov 2022Self-harm and suicide are major public health concerns among children and adolescents. Many risk and protective factors for suicide and self-harm have been identified...
INTRODUCTION
Self-harm and suicide are major public health concerns among children and adolescents. Many risk and protective factors for suicide and self-harm have been identified and reported in the literature. However, the capacity of these identified risk and protective factors to guide assessment and management is limited due to their great number. This protocol describes an ongoing systematic review and meta-analysis which aims to examine longitudinal studies of risk factors for self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents, to provide a comparison of the strengths of association of the various risk factors for self-harm and suicide and to shed light on those that require further investigation.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We perform a systematic search of the literature using the databases EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL and HMIC from inception up to 28 October 2020, and the search will be updated before the systematic review publication. Additionally, we will contact experts in the field, including principal investigators whose peer-reviewed publications are included in our systematic review as well as investigators from our extensive research network, and we will search the reference lists of relevant reviews to retrieve any articles that were not identified in our search. We will extract relevant data and present a narrative synthesis and combine the results in meta-analyses where there are sufficient data. We will assess the risk of bias for each study using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and present a summary of the quantity and the quality of the evidence for each risk or protective factor.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethical approval will not be sought as this is a systematic review of the literature. Results will be published in mental health journals and presented at conferences focused on suicide prevention.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021228212.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Protective Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Risk Factors; Public Health; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 36428021
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058297 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Jul 2021Crypto-currency trading is a rapidly growing form of behaviour characterised by investing in highly volatile digital assets based largely on blockchain technology. In... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Crypto-currency trading is a rapidly growing form of behaviour characterised by investing in highly volatile digital assets based largely on blockchain technology. In this paper, we review the particular structural characteristics of this activity and its potential to give rise to excessive or harmful behaviour including over-spending and compulsive checking. We note that there are some similarities between online sports betting and day trading, but also several important differences. These include the continuous 24-hour availability of trading, the global nature of the market, and the strong role of social media, social influence and non-balance sheet related events as determinants of price movements.
METHODS
We review the specific psychological mechanisms that we propose to be particular risk factors for excessive crypto trading, including: over-estimations of the role of knowledge or skill, the fear of missing out (FOMO), preoccupation, and anticipated regret. The paper examines potential protective and educational strategies that might be used to prevent harm to inexperienced investors when this new activity expands to attract a greater percentage of retail or community investors.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The paper suggests the need for more specific research into the psychological effects of regular trading, individual differences and the nature of decision-making that protects people from harm, while allowing them to benefit from developments in blockchain technology and crypto-currency.
Topics: Gambling; Humans; Protective Factors; Sports
PubMed: 34152998
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00037 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Oct 2022Early adolescence (ages 10-14) is a critical period for psychosocial development, but few studies have focused on risk and protective factors for emergent psychosocial...
PURPOSE
Early adolescence (ages 10-14) is a critical period for psychosocial development, but few studies have focused on risk and protective factors for emergent psychosocial challenges among youth living in low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the contribution of social environmental factors to patterns of emotional and behavioral problems among early adolescents across four low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS
Participants were drawn from the Global Early Adolescent Study, and included 10,437 early adolescents from six low-resource urban settings in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Indonesia, and China. Multivariate latent class regression was used to examine the associations between distinct patterns of emotional and behavioral problems and risk and protective factors across the family, peer, school, and neighborhood levels.
RESULTS
Across countries, childhood adversity, peer bullying behaviors, and a perceived lack of school safety were consistently associated with emotional and behavioral problems. With some contextual variability, peer substance use and a perceived lack of neighborhood safety also emerged as significant risk factors. The magnitude of these associations was generally greatest among a subgroup of early adolescents with co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems.
DISCUSSION
The overall consistency of findings across countries is suggestive of the generalizability of risk factors in early adolescence and indicates that interventions bolstering psychosocial adjustment among this age group may have applicability in diverse cross-national settings. Given the significance of peer bullying behaviors and school safety, multicomponent school-based interventions may be an especially applicable approach.
Topics: Adolescent; Bullying; Child; Emotions; Humans; Peer Group; Problem Behavior; Protective Factors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35710891
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.002 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Mar 2022Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The usual presentation of... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The usual presentation of the disease is a common cold-like illness but it can present with more severe and sometimes fatal manifestations. Immunocompromised patients such as those with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) also are among the infected population. A limited number of reports have been published concerning CVID patients with COVID-19. The main reported symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea and fatigue while the median duration of illness was 19 (interquartile range 14-26.5) days. Total recovery rate was 88.4%. It is still unknown whether primary immunodeficiency interacts as a predisposing or protective factor against the severe forms of COVID-19. Substitute immunoglobulin (IG) therapy is the only treatment option for CVID. Some reports suggest that early administration of intravenous IGs or convalescent plasma infusion may positively influence the outcome of COVID-19 in these patients.
Topics: Humans; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; COVID-19; Protective Factors; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 36398083
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2022.61.01.13