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International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract, is known for its dimorphism and mobility. A connection of lipid alterations, induced by the rods elongation process,...
, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract, is known for its dimorphism and mobility. A connection of lipid alterations, induced by the rods elongation process, with enhanced pathogenicity of long-form morphotype for the development of urinary tract infections, seems highly probable. Therefore, research on the adjustment in the composition and organization of lipids forming elongated rods was undertaken. The analyses performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry showed that drastic modifications in the morphology of rods that occur during the swarming process are directly related to deprivation of the long-form cells of PE 33:1 and PG 31:2 and their enrichment with PE 32:1, PE 34:1, PE 34:2, PG 30:2, PG 32:1, and PG 34:1. The analyses conducted by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed negligible effects of the swarming process on fatty acids synthesis. However, the constant proportions between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids confirmed that phenotypic modifications in the rods induced by motility were independent of the saturation of the phospholipid tails. The method of the Förster resonance energy transfer revealed the influence of the swarming process on the melting of ordered lipid rafts present in the short-form rods, corresponding to the homogeneity of lipid bilayers in the long-form rods of . Confocal microscope photographs visualized strong Rhod-PE fluorescence of the whole area of swarmer cells, in contrast to weak membrane fluorescence of non-swarmer cells. It suggested an increased permeability of the bilayers in long-form rods morphologically adapted to the swarming process. These studies clearly demonstrate that swarming motility regulates the lipid composition and organization in rods.
Topics: Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections; Chemical Phenomena; Lipids; Proteus Infections
PubMed: 38003652
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216461 -
Poultry Science Apr 2022Animal-derived Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is an important food-borne zoonotic bacillus and widely exists in the broiler-breeding industry. The present study was...
Animal-derived Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is an important food-borne zoonotic bacillus and widely exists in the broiler-breeding industry. The present study was designed to explore the P. mirabilis prevalence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics in 6 conventional broiler-fattening farms in Shandong Province, China. The overall isolation rate of P. mirabilis was 7.07% (50/707). Antimicrobial resistance was very common in the P. mirabilis isolated from these farms and varied for different antibacterial drugs, with chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole having the highest resistance rate (98%) and aztreonam the lowest (0%). Multidrug resistance was as high as 100%. The majority of the MDR isolates were resistant to between 9 and 12 of the antibiotics, with these accounting for 76% (38/50) of multidrug resistant strains. These P. mirabilis isolates carried 24 drug-resistance genes in 6 types, with stcM having the highest rate (96%) and cmlA, bla, and qnrC the lowest (2%). Superdrug resistance gene bla was found in 10% (5/50) of isolates from poultry farms in Shandong. All the P. mirabilis isolates carried at least 6 virulence genes, with 100% detection rates of the ireA and hpmA genes. Our study revealed that the P. mirabilis strains isolated in the Shandong area all showed the MDR phenotype and the poultry-derived carbapenem-resistant MDR P. mirabilis strains may pose a potential risk to humans. Surveillance findings presented herein will be conducive to our understanding of the prevalence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant P. mirabilis strains in Shandong, China.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Chickens; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Farms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 35134599
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101710 -
Journal of the Association of Medical... Sep 2023There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and...
BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences.
METHODS
Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020.
RESULTS
Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for , , and species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for species and , respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4-139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1-20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2-11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8-13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3-5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with , , and species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( = 0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
PubMed: 38250289
DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0038 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2022Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an...
Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an 18-month-old female mixed breed sheep was examined for pyoderma at the injection site of the enterotoxemia vaccine. After routine bacteriology and histopathology procedures, secondary pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis was diagnosed. The bacterium analysed using genome sequencing and new strain called AJJ 2021 was diagnosed. This is the first report of pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis in sheep.
Topics: Female; Sheep; Animals; Proteus mirabilis; Pyoderma; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 36049140
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.926 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019often complicates the care of catheterized patients through the formation of crystalline biofilms which block urine flow. Bacteriophage therapy has been highlighted as...
often complicates the care of catheterized patients through the formation of crystalline biofilms which block urine flow. Bacteriophage therapy has been highlighted as a promising approach to control this problem, but relatively few phages infecting have been characterized. Here we characterize five phages capable of infecting , including those shown to reduce biofilm formation, and provide insights regarding the wider ecological and evolutionary relationships of these phages. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of phages vB_PmiP_RS1pmA, vB_PmiP_RS1pmB, vB_PmiP_RS3pmA, and vB_PmiP_RS8pmA showed that all share morphologies characteristic of the family. The genome sequences of vB_PmiP_RS1pmA, vB_PmiP_RS1pmB, and vB_PmiP_RS3pmA showed these are species of the same phage differing only by point mutations, and are closely related to vB_PmiP_RS8pmA. Podophages characterized in this study were also found to share similarity in genome architecture and composition to other previously described podophages (PM16 and PM75). In contrast, vB_PimP_RS51pmB showed morphology characteristic of the family, with no notable similarity to other phage genomes examined. Ecogenomic profiling of all phages revealed no association with human urinary tract viromes, but sequences similar to vB_PimP_RS51pmB were found within human gut, and human oral microbiomes. Investigation of wider host-phage evolutionary relationships through tetranucleotide profiling of phage genomes and bacterial chromosomes, indicated vB_PimP_RS51pmB has a relatively recent association with and other non- members of the family. Subsequent host range assays confirmed vB_PimP_RS51pmB can infect .
PubMed: 31447809
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01783 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Indwelling urinary catheterization can lead to the development of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), an important type of nosocomial infection, as... (Review)
Review
Indwelling urinary catheterization can lead to the development of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), an important type of nosocomial infection, as well as other medical issues among institutionalized adults. Recently, was highlighted as the important cause of CAUTIs. The pathogenicity of is dependent on two multicellular types of surface colonization: the adherence and swarming motility. Adhesion, mostly mediated by fimbrial and nonfimbrial adhesins, is important for the initiation of biofilm formation. Moreover, the production of urease frequently results in biofilm crystallization, which leads to the blockage of catheters. The heterologous polymeric matrix of the biofilm offers protection against antibiotics and the host immune system. displays remarkable motility abilities. After contact with solid surfaces, hyper-flagellated cells are able to rapidly migrate. The importance of swarming motility in CAUTIs development remains controversial; however, it was indicated that swarming cells were able to co-express other virulence factors. Furthermore, flagella are strong immunomodulating proteins. On the other hand, both biofilm formation and swarming motility implicates multiple inter- and intraspecies interactions, which might contribute to the pathogenicity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Life Style; Proteus mirabilis; Urease; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 36118021
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.864305 -
EBioMedicine Dec 2023Recent studies suggesting the importance of the gut-microbiome in intestinal aggregated alpha synuclein (α-syn) have led to the exploration of the possible role of the...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggesting the importance of the gut-microbiome in intestinal aggregated alpha synuclein (α-syn) have led to the exploration of the possible role of the gut-brain axis in central nervous system degeneration. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium, has been linked to brain neurodegeneration in animal studies. We hypothesised that P. mirabilis-derived virulence factors aggregate intestinal α-synuclein and could prompt the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the brain.
METHODS
We used vagotomised- and antibiotic-treated male murine models to determine the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis during brain neurodegeneration. The neurodegenerative factor that is driven by P. mirabilis was determined using genetically mutated P. mirabilis. The pathological functions and interactions of the virulence factors were determined in vitro.
FINDINGS
The results showed that P. mirabilis-induced motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration are regulated by intestinal α-syn aggregation in vagotomised- or antibiotic-treated murine models. We deduced that the specific virulence factor, haemolysin A (HpmA), plays a role in the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis. HpmA is involved in α-synuclein oligomerisation and membrane pore formation, resulting in the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy signalling in intestinal neuroendocrine cells.
INTERPRETATION
Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that HpmA can interact with α-syn and act as a possible indicator of brain neurodegenerative diseases that are induced by P. mirabilis.
FUNDING
This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; alpha-Synuclein; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Base Composition; Hemolysin Proteins; Mirabilis; Phylogeny; Proteus mirabilis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37995468
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104887 -
Viruses Jun 2022is frequently associated with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is the main cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Treatment of...
is frequently associated with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is the main cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Treatment of such infections is complicated and challenging due to the biofilm forming abilities of . If neglected or mistreated, infections may lead to life-threating conditions such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, kidney failure, and bacteremia that may progress to urosepsis. Treatment with antibiotics, especially in cases of recurring and persistent infections, leads to the development of resistant strains. Recent insights into phage therapy and using phages to coat catheters have been evaluated with many studies showing promising results. Here, we describe a highly lytic bacteriophage, _virus_309 (41,740 bp), isolated from a wastewater treatment facility in Cape Town, South Africa. According to guidelines of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), bacteriophage 309 is a species within the genus . Similar to most members of the genus, bacteriophage 309 is strain-specific and lyse in less than 20 min.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Humans; Phage Therapy; Proteus mirabilis; South Africa; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35746779
DOI: 10.3390/v14061309 -
Microorganisms Nov 2020is a component of the normal intestinal microflora of humans and animals, but can cause urinary tract infections and even sepsis in hospital settings. In recent years,...
is a component of the normal intestinal microflora of humans and animals, but can cause urinary tract infections and even sepsis in hospital settings. In recent years, the number of multidrug-resistant isolates, including the ones producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), is increasing worldwide. However, the number of investigations dedicated to this species, especially, whole-genome sequencing, is much lower in comparison to the members of the ESKAPE pathogens group. This study presents a detailed analysis of clinical multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing isolate using short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing, which allowed us to reveal possible horizontal gene transfer between and plasmids and to locate the CRISPR-Cas system in the genome together with its probable phage targets, as well as multiple virulence genes. We believe that the data presented will contribute to the understanding of antibiotic resistance acquisition and virulence mechanisms for this important pathogen.
PubMed: 33198099
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111775 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023is a Gram-negative Gammaproteobacterium and a major causative agent of urinary tract infections in humans. It is characterized by its ability to switch between swimming...
is a Gram-negative Gammaproteobacterium and a major causative agent of urinary tract infections in humans. It is characterized by its ability to switch between swimming motility in liquid media and swarming on solid surfaces. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging to reveal the structure of the flagellar motor of at nanometer resolution in intact cells. We found that has a motor that is structurally similar to those of and , lacking the periplasmic elaborations that characterize other more specialized gammaproteobacterial motors. In addition, no density corresponding to stators was present in the subtomogram average suggesting that the stators are dynamic. Finally, several assembly intermediates of the motor were seen that support the inside-out assembly pathway.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Electron Microscope Tomography; Escherichia coli; Flagella; Proteus mirabilis; Salmonella enterica; Molecular Motor Proteins
PubMed: 37176000
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098292