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Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Oct 2020The objectives of this study were to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical significance of in canine bacteriuria and to identify the risk factors...
The objectives of this study were to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical significance of in canine bacteriuria and to identify the risk factors associated with urinary tract infections. This is a retrospective observational study of 48 -positive canine urinary cultures. Only 22 of the 48 isolates (45.8%) were non-susceptible to at least one tested antimicrobial. Most isolates (98%) were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 93.7% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 85.4% to ampicillin, cephalothin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Five multidrug-resistant isolates were detected (10.4%). A significant increase in antimicrobial resistance was observed over the study period. Positive cultures were associated with bacterial cystitis in 36 of 39 dogs (92.3%), pyelonephritis in 2 of 39 dogs (5.1%), and one dog had both bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis (2.5%). There was no subclinical bacteriuria. Most urinary tract infections were complicated as risk factors were identified in 37 of 39 dogs (94.8%). The most commonly identified risk factors were the presence of a contaminated peri-vulvar area with urine/feces or a hypoplastic vulva. To conclude, bacteriuria was associated with upper and lower urinary tract infections in this study and was found more frequently in complicated bacterial cystitis. Multidrug-resistant isolates and increased antimicrobial resistance have been identified over the last 10 years, but most isolates remain susceptible to first-line antimicrobials such as amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Male; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33012973
DOI: No ID Found -
Mediators of Inflammation 2020Cancer causes a major health concern worldwide due to high incidence and mortality rates. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases... (Review)
Review
Cancer causes a major health concern worldwide due to high incidence and mortality rates. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords bacteria and cancer. Most of published research addressed several different factors that induced cancer, such as toxins, medications, smoking, and obesity. Nonetheless, few studies are dealing with cancer induction via bacterial infection. In addition, mechanisms of cancer induction via bacterial infections are not well understood. Therefore, in this review, we will shed light on different bacteria that induced cancer via different molecular mechanisms. Among the bacterial infection that induced cancer, was the first recognized bacteria which caused gastric cancer and might be also linked to extragastric cancer in humans. has been associated with adenocarcinoma in the distal stomach by its ability to cause severe inflammations. It has been found that inflammations induced cancer via different mechanisms including induction of cell proliferation and production of high levels of free radicals. Recently, free radicals were found to induce and cause various types of cancer. has been found to be associated with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Also, intercellular infection of lungs with Chlamydia pneumoniae was found to contribute as one of the ethological factors of lung cancer. Moreover, infection of the urinary tract with , spp., and has been found to cause bladder cancer. These microorganisms produce a high level of N-nitrosamines which are metabolically activated leading to the generation of alkylating agents that damage DNA and other macromolecules. It is concluded that a certain bacterium is linked with induction of a specific type of cancer via different molecular and biochemical mechanisms as discussed in the text in details. This infection could potentially affect human health in different ways. In addition, it is important to know the possible factors involved in cancer induction for better treatment of cancer patients.
Topics: Gallbladder Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Incidence; Proteus mirabilis; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 32724295
DOI: 10.1155/2020/4070419 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Otitis externa is among the most prevalent diseases in dogs. If the underlying cause is not addressed, bacterial reinfection becomes frequent, necessitating antibiotic...
Otitis externa is among the most prevalent diseases in dogs. If the underlying cause is not addressed, bacterial reinfection becomes frequent, necessitating antibiotic administration for an extended period of time. Prolonged treatment promotes the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increases the risk of their transmission from animals to humans. This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic resistance pattern of the emerging pathogen to identify bacterial virulence and antibiotic selection. Samples were collected from randomly encountered dogs with chronic otitis externa. Thirty-two strains of were isolated and identified, using MALDI-TOF. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of to 11 antibiotics. The isolates (n = 32) were most resistant to cefazolin (75%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (72%), chloramphenicol (72%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (63%), ampicillin (59%), cefepime (56%), ciprofloxacin (53%), aztreonam (50%), ceftazidime avibactam (50%), gentamicin (22%), and amikacin (16%). Moreover, 75% of isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant bacteria. was found to have a high resistance-pattern ratio. Although the exact cause is unknown, continuous antibiotic use is thought to be a major factor. We concluded that antibiotic use must be prudent and selective to prevent antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 36297273
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101215 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020has the appearance of a semishrub and can be found in jungles and rocky lands of the Iberian Peninsula. This work aimed to review and gather available scientific... (Review)
Review
has the appearance of a semishrub and can be found in jungles and rocky lands of the Iberian Peninsula. This work aimed to review and gather available scientific information on the composition and biological properties of . The main constituents of essential oil are 1,8-cineole (or eucalyptol) and linalool, while the extracts are characterized by the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. The essential oil and extracts of have demonstrated a wide diversity of biological activities. They showed antibacterial activity against several bacteria such as , , subsp., methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive , , , and , among others, and antifungal activity against spp. and spp. Additionally, it has antioxidant activity, which has been evaluated through different methods. Furthermore, other activities have also been studied, such as anticancer, antiviral, insecticidal, repellent, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, considering the biological activities reported for the essential oil and extracts of , its potential as a preservative agent could be explored to be used in the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries.
PubMed: 33352776
DOI: 10.3390/ph13120479 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Dec 2022Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory chronic disease of the hair follicles that presents with different lesions in the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the...
INTRODUCTION
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory chronic disease of the hair follicles that presents with different lesions in the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the human body. There are many possible factors for HS. Acne inversa is not primarily considered to be an infectious disease. A variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been found from the lesions sporadically.
AIM
To assess the bacteriological profile of HS before surgical treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We collected specimens for aerobic microbiological testing from 18 patients before surgical treatment in our hospital. The specimens were obtained from abscesses, directly from skin fistulas, on day 1 of hospitalisation.
RESULTS
The most common bacteria in HS lesions were Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. In 4 patients we found multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MLSB, MRSA and A. baumannii).
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term antibiotic treatment can cause multi-drug resistance in strains collected in HS lesions.
PubMed: 36686013
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.119008 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Chlorhexidine (CHD) is a cationic biocide used ubiquitously in healthcare settings. , an important pathogen of the catheterized urinary tract, and isolates of this...
Chlorhexidine (CHD) is a cationic biocide used ubiquitously in healthcare settings. , an important pathogen of the catheterized urinary tract, and isolates of this species are often described as "resistant" to CHD-containing products used for catheter infection control. To identify the mechanisms underlying reduced CHD susceptibility in , we subjected the CHD tolerant clinical isolate RS47 to random transposon mutagenesis and screened for mutants with reduced CHD minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). One mutant recovered from these screens (designated RS47-2) exhibited ~ 8-fold reduction in CHD MIC. Complete genome sequencing of RS47-2 showed a single mini-Tn insert in the gene involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inner core biosynthesis. Phenotypic screening of RS47-2 revealed a significant increase in cell surface hydrophobicity and serum susceptibility compared to the wildtype, and confirmed defects in LPS production congruent with inactivation. Disruption of was also associated with increased susceptibility to a range of other cationic biocides but did not affect susceptibility to antibiotics tested. Complementation studies showed that repression of efflux activity in RS47-2 further increased susceptibility to CHD and other cationic biocides, reducing CHD MICs to values comparable with the most CHD susceptible isolates characterized. The formation of crystalline biofilms and blockage of urethral catheters was also significantly attenuated in RS47-2. Taken together, these data show that aspects of LPS structure and upregulation of the efflux system function in synergy to modulate susceptibility to CHD and other cationic biocides, and that LPS structure is also an important factor in crystalline biofilm formation.
PubMed: 37089543
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150625 -
Biology Feb 2022, an opportunistic pathogen, is found to be an emerging threat to both animals and humans for a variety of infections. However, the characteristics of infections from...
, an opportunistic pathogen, is found to be an emerging threat to both animals and humans for a variety of infections. However, the characteristics of infections from foxes, raccoons and minks remain unclear. In this context, we identified the antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes of isolates from foxes, raccoons and minks in China. Most isolates showed resistance to florfenicol (90.57%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.58%), and imipenem (71.70%). A total of 73.58% of isolates were resistant to antibiotics from at least three or more classes, and were categorized as multi-drug resistant. A total of 33.33% of the isolates were resistant to antibiotics from seven classes. The most prevalent resistant were (94.34%), followed by , , and with the detection rate of 88.68%, 83.02%, 71.70% and 60.38%, respectively. Among the 51 isolates that were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, all isolates carried at least one beta-lactam gene. In addition, and genes were firstly reported in carbapenem-resistant isolates from foxes, raccoons and minks. All isolates exhibited the virulence genes , , , and . isolates carrying all detected 10 virulence genes from different animal species showed different lethal abilities in a larvae model More importantly, the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes of isolates from fur animals and the environment were generally similar, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates from farm environment samples may have close relatedness with that from animals.
PubMed: 35205158
DOI: 10.3390/biology11020292 -
New Biotechnology Dec 2022We have developed a novel urea-inducible recombinant protein production system by exploiting the Proteus mirabilis urease ureR-ureD promoter region and the ureR...
We have developed a novel urea-inducible recombinant protein production system by exploiting the Proteus mirabilis urease ureR-ureD promoter region and the ureR AraC-family transcriptional regulator. Experiments using the expression of β-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed that promoter activity is tightly regulated and that varying the concentration of urea can give up to 100-fold induction. Production of proteins of biopharmaceutical interest has been demonstrated, including human growth hormone (hGH), a single chain antibody fragment (scFv) against interleukin-1β and a potential Neisserial vaccine candidate (BamA). Expression levels can be fine-tuned by temperature and different urea concentrations, and can be induced with readily available garden fertilisers and even urine. As urea is an inexpensive, stable inducer, a urea-induced expression system has the potential to considerably reduce the costs of large-scale recombinant protein production.
Topics: Humans; Urea; Bacterial Proteins; Escherichia coli; Proteus mirabilis; Recombinant Proteins; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Escherichia coli Proteins
PubMed: 36273806
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.10.003 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infection and food poisoning cases. Contamination of in retail meat products may be important...
is an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infection and food poisoning cases. Contamination of in retail meat products may be important transmission routes for human infection with . In this study a total of 89 strains were isolated from 347 samples in 14 food markets in China and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 89 strains were divided into 81 different clones (SNPs >5), indicating high genetic diversity of in food markets. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 81 (91.01%) strains displayed multidrug resistance profiles. Seventy-three different resistance genes (or variants) were found, including various clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes (77.53%), (39.33%), (30.34%), as well as multiresistance gene (4.50%), tigecycline resistance gene cluster (4.50%) and carbapenemase gene (1.12%). Diverse genetic elements including Tn transposon, plasmid, SXT/R391 integrative conjugative element were associated with the horizontal transfer of . and were located on ICEChnJZ26 and genomic island 1, respectively. Our study emphasized high contamination of harbouring various clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes in retail meat and aquatic products, which might be an important issue in terms of food safety and human health.
PubMed: 36590410
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1086800 -
Gastroenterology Jan 2021Proteus spp, Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacilli, have recently been associated with Crohn's disease (CD) recurrence after intestinal resection. We investigated...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Proteus spp, Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacilli, have recently been associated with Crohn's disease (CD) recurrence after intestinal resection. We investigated the genomic and functional role of Proteus as a gut pathogen in CD.
METHODS
Proteus spp abundance was assessed by ure gene-specific polymerase chain in 54 pairs of fecal samples and 101 intestinal biopsies from patients with CD and healthy controls. The adherence, invasion, and intracellular presence of 2 distinct isolates of Proteus mirabilis in epithelial cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Intracellular gene expression profiles and regulated pathways were analyzed by RNA sequencing and KEGG pathway analysis. Biologic functions of 2 isolates of P mirabilis were determined by in vitro cell culture, and in vivo using conventional mice and germ-free mice.
RESULTS
Proteus spp were significantly more prevalent and abundant in fecal samples and colonic tissue of patients with CD than controls. A greater abundance of the genus Fusobacterium and a lesser abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium were seen in patients with CD with a high Proteus spp abundance. All 24 Proteus monoclones isolated from patients with CD belonged to members of P mirabilis lineages and 2 isolates, recovered from stool or mucosa, were used in further studies. Mice gavaged with either P mirabilis strain had more severe colonic inflammation. Co-culture of the isolates with epithelial cell lines showed bacterial adherence, invasion, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1α, and cell necrosis. Both isolates induced key pro-inflammatory pathways, including NOD-like receptor signaling, Jak-STAT signaling, and MAPK signaling, and induced pro-inflammatory genes and activated inflammation-related pathways in gnotobiotic mice.
CONCLUSIONS
P mirabilis in the gut is associated with CD and can induce inflammation in cells and animal models of colitis. P mirabilis can act as a pathobiont and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Cell Culture Techniques; Crohn Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 33011176
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.036