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Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Dec 2020Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are induced by exogenous organisms including extraintestinal pathogenic such as (ExPEC), and , which are closely related. These...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are induced by exogenous organisms including extraintestinal pathogenic such as (ExPEC), and , which are closely related. These organisms can colonize in the urinary tract and cause UTIs. In this study, a cross-reactive multi-epitope vaccine was designed by two constructs to stimulate the immune system (CD8+ and CD4 + T cells) against ExPEC, and strains. Uropathogenic (UPEC), and are the main bacterial cause of UTI. They were used for designing experimental candidate vaccine, and their immunogenicity and protectivity were assessed. In this study, conserved antigens from their bacterial genomes were considered, and informatics-based immunological vaccine with cross-protective T and B-cells epitopes was designed and evaluated. The vaccine candidate was used as a broad immune system inducer, and its cross-protective immunity and protectivity were confirmed in experiments.
PubMed: 33304840
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00564 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Mar 2020Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical...
Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical consequences including septicaemia, urinary tract infections and pneumonia, but is not a species previously known to enter VBNC state. We suggested that stress-induced P. mirabilis can enter a VBNC state in which it retains virulence. P. mirabilis isolates were incubated in extreme osmotic pressure, starvation, low temperature and low pH to induce a VBNC state. Resuscitation was induced by temperature upshift and inoculation in tryptone soy broth with Tween 20 and brain heart infusion broth. Cellular ultrastructure and gene expression were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. High osmotic pressure and low acidity caused rapid entry into VBNC state. Temperature upshift caused the highest percentage of resuscitation (93%) under different induction conditions. In the VBNC state, cells showed aberrant and dwarf morphology, virulence genes and stress response genes (envZ and rpoS) were expressed (levels varied depending on strain and inducing factors). This is the first-time characterization of VBNC P. mirabilis. The ability of P. mirabilis pathogenic strains to enter a stress-induced VBNC state can be a serious public health threat.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Microbial Viability; Proteus mirabilis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 32030883
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15031 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2024Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious global environmental problem, which requires a global concern and practical solutions. Microbial remediation has received widespread...
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious global environmental problem, which requires a global concern and practical solutions. Microbial remediation has received widespread attention owing to advantages, such as environmental friendliness and soil amelioration. However, Cd toxicity also severely deteriorates the remediation performance of functional microorganisms. Analyzing the mechanism of bacterial resistance to Cd stress will be beneficial for the application of Cd remediation. In this study, the bacteria strain, up to 1400 mg/L Cd resistance, was employed and identified as Proteus mirabilis Ch8 (Ch8) through whole genome sequence analyses. The results indicated that the multiple pathways of immobilizing and detoxifying Cd maintained the growth of Ch8 under Cd stress, which also possessed high Cd extracellular adsorption. Firstly, the changes in surface morphology and functional groups of Ch8 cells were observed under different Cd conditions through SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses. Under 100 mg/L Cd, Ch8 cells exhibited aggregation and less flagella; the Cd biosorption of Ch8 was predominately by secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS) and no significant change of functional groups. Under 500 mg/L Cd, Ch8 were present irregular polymers on the cell surface, some cells with wrapping around; the Cd biosorption capacity exhibited outstanding effects (38.80 mg/g), which was mainly immobilizing Cd by secreting and interacting with EPS. Then, Ch8 also significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity and the antioxidant substance content under different Cd conditions. The activities of SOD and CAT, GSH content of Ch8 under 500 mg/L Cd were significantly increased by 245.47%, 179.52%, and 241.81%, compared to normal condition. Additionally, Ch8 significantly induced the expression of Acr A and Tol C (the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump), and some antioxidant genes (SodB, SodC, and Tpx) to reduce Cd damage. In particular, the markedly higher expression levels of SodB under Cd stress. The mechanism of Ch8 lays a foundation for its application in solving soil remediation.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; Cadmium; Soil Pollutants; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 38728947
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116432 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Polymicrobial biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of CAUTI. and are common CAUTI pathogens that persistently co-colonize the...
Polymicrobial biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of CAUTI. and are common CAUTI pathogens that persistently co-colonize the catheterized urinary tract and form biofilms with increased biomass and antibiotic resistance. In this study, we uncover the metabolic interplay that drives biofilm enhancement and examine the contribution to CAUTI severity. Through compositional and proteomic biofilm analyses, we determined that the increase in biofilm biomass stems from an increase in the protein fraction of the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. We further observed an enrichment in proteins associated with ornithine and arginine metabolism in polymicrobial biofilms compared to single-species biofilms. We show that L-ornithine secretion by promotes arginine biosynthesis in and that disruption of this metabolic interplay abrogates the biofilm enhancement we see and leads to significant decreases in infection severity and dissemination in a murine CAUTI model.
PubMed: 36993593
DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533237 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2022Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an...
Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an 18-month-old female mixed breed sheep was examined for pyoderma at the injection site of the enterotoxemia vaccine. After routine bacteriology and histopathology procedures, secondary pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis was diagnosed. The bacterium analysed using genome sequencing and new strain called AJJ 2021 was diagnosed. This is the first report of pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis in sheep.
Topics: Female; Sheep; Animals; Proteus mirabilis; Pyoderma; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 36049140
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.926 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2021Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial...
BACKGROUND
Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in P. mirabilis strains isolated from patients who attended a tertiary hospital in Iran.
METHODS
In this study, 100 P. mirabilis strains from urine samples were isolated. These isolated strains were identified by biochemical and PCR-based tests, and their antibiotic resistance was profiled through a standard procedure using 14 antibiotics. PCR assays were used to detect virulence-related genes in P. mirabilis strains. The biofilm formation of each P. mirabilis strain was examined.
RESULTS
Of the 100 P. mirabilis isolates, 16 (16%) were multidrug-resistant. High resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole (97%), nalidixic acid (93%), cefotaxime (77%), and amoxicillin (62%). Sixty of the 100 isolates showed resistance against extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The prevalence rates of the genes related to the virulence factors in this study were mrpH (100%), ucaA (91%), hpmA (94%), zapA (95%), ptaA (100%), ureG (100%), pmfA (100%), fliC (97%), and mrpA (90%) using PCR method. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 20% (5/25) of the strains isolated from non-catheterized samples and 80% (20/25) of strains isolated from catheterized samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Resistance to antibiotics and the prevalence of pathogenicity genes are high in Proteus mirabilis strains iolated from UTIs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Iran; Proteus mirabilis; Tertiary Care Centers; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 35283944
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.22 -
Cureus Dec 2020An intracranial abscess caused by is rarely reported in adults. A 17-year-old girl presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure, high-grade fever, headache, and...
An intracranial abscess caused by is rarely reported in adults. A 17-year-old girl presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure, high-grade fever, headache, and vomiting with a history of slowly progressing apathy, clumsiness, and disorientation. She had meningeal signs and altered sensorium with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 10. The laboratory analysis revealed leukocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic lesion in the left temporal lobe with perilesional edema and a slight midline shift. She was commenced on empiric ceftriaxone, amikacin, and metronidazole. The non-foul smelling pus was drained through a craniotomy, and pus culture showed . Culture sensitivity revealed extended-spectrum B-lactamase production, and she was commenced on intravenous carbapenem in addition to existing drugs. A repeat CT revealed a significant reduction in abscess size, and improvement in her condition was observed. On her recent follow-up visit, she was doing well.
PubMed: 33520524
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12326 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2022The aim of this study was to characterise the whole genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Proteus mirabilis strain ChSC1905 isolated from a swine farm in China.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to characterise the whole genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Proteus mirabilis strain ChSC1905 isolated from a swine farm in China.
METHODS
The genome was sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq and Oxford Nanopore platforms, and it was assembled via Canu v.1.5. The acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by ResFinder. A conjugation experiment was carried out to determine the mobilisation of integrative and conjugative element.
RESULTS
Strain ChSC1905 exhibited a MDR phenotype. The genome of strain ChSC1905 was 4 038 038 bp in length with a GC content of 39.1%, which contained 3645 coding sequences and 110 RNA genes. A total of 23 acquired ARGs were identified, among which 21 ARGs including the clinically important resistance genes bla, cfr, fosA3, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were located on a SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative element (ICE). BLAST analysis showed that this new SXT/R391-family ICE (ICEPmiChnChSC1905 of 143 689 bp) was involved in sequence inversion mediated by ISVsa3 and genetic rearrangement mediated by IS26, and it could be transferred to E. coli EC600.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we report the genome sequence of MDR P. mirabilis strain ChSC1905 that harboured a novel SXT/R391-family ICE (ICEPmiChnChSC1905) involved in genetic rearrangement in China, which promotes the diversity of ICE and should receive more attention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Conjugation, Genetic; DNA Transposable Elements; Escherichia coli; Proteus mirabilis; Swine
PubMed: 35817261
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.07.004 -
Urologia Internationalis 2021A catheter allowing a release of antibacterial substances such as antiseptics into the bladder could be a new way of preventing biofilm formation and subsequent...
BACKGROUND
A catheter allowing a release of antibacterial substances such as antiseptics into the bladder could be a new way of preventing biofilm formation and subsequent catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
METHODS
Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) determinations in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth and artificial urine were performed for 4 antiseptics against 3 uropathogenic biofilm producers, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, effects of octenidine and polyhexanide against catheter biofilm formation were determined by quantification of biofilm-producing bacteria.
RESULTS
Sodium hypochlorite showed MIC/MBC values between 200 and 800 mg/L for all strains tested. Triclosan was efficient against E. coli and P. mirabilis (MIC ≤2.98 mg/L) but ineffective against P. aeruginosa. Octenidine and polyhexanide showed antibacterial activity against all 3 species tested (MIC 1.95-7.8 and 3.9-31.25 mg/L). Both octenidine and polyhexanide were able to prevent biofilm formation on catheter segments in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, adding 250 mg/L of each biocide disrupted biofilms formed by E. coli and P. mirabilis, whereas even 500 mg/L was not sufficient to completely destroy P. aeruginosa biofilms.
CONCLUSION
Octenidine- and polyhexanide-containing antiseptics showed a broad effect against typical uropathogenic biofilm producers even in high dilutions. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the potential of octenidine and polyhexanide as prophylaxis or treatment of catheter biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biguanides; Biofilms; Disinfectants; Escherichia coli; Imines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pyridines; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33401282
DOI: 10.1159/000512370 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024() is known to cause various infections, most commonly urinary tract infections, and is a threat to hospitalized patients, especially in long-stay departments that...
BACKGROUND
() is known to cause various infections, most commonly urinary tract infections, and is a threat to hospitalized patients, especially in long-stay departments that utilize invasive devices. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. It investigates epidemiological patterns, resistance characteristics, and clinical outcomes among patients at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh from 2019 to 2021.
METHODS
A total of 598 isolated from diverse clinical specimens, including the clinical information of 78 intensive care unit (ICU) patients, were included in the current study. The Phoenix BD instrument was used for complete identification and sensitivity testing of spp. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were reported and compared using statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Pan-drug-resistant isolates were identified in 2019 (n = 6), although multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolate frequencies were greatest among all patients in 2019. The highest susceptibility levels were observed for piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, and cephalosporins antibiotics. In contrast, Cephalothin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin had the lowest susceptibilities. Urine infections with a positive culture of were significantly higher in females and non-ICU patients ( <0.001), but respiratory infections were significantly higher in ICU patients ( <0.001). Moreover, ICU patients infected with and undergoing renal dialysis have a 7.2-fold ( 0.034) higher risk of death than those not receiving dialysis.
CONCLUSION
Hospitalized patients are at risk of fatal consequences due to infection. It is crucial to conduct further investigation to fully understand the severity of this issue and take necessary measures to prevent it.
PubMed: 38375102
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S448335