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Microbial Cell Factories Jun 2023A subject of great interest is the bioprospecting of microorganisms and their bioactive byproducts, such as pigments. Microbial pigments have various benefits, including... (Review)
Review
A subject of great interest is the bioprospecting of microorganisms and their bioactive byproducts, such as pigments. Microbial pigments have various benefits, including being safe to use due to their natural makeup, having therapeutic effects, and being produced all year round, regardless of the weather or location. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces phenazine pigments that are crucial for interactions between Pseudomonas species and other living things. Pyocyanin pigment, which is synthesized by 90-95% of P. aeruginosa, has potent antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Herein, we will concentrate on the production and extraction of pyocyanin pigment and its biological use in different areas of biotechnology, engineering, and biology.
Topics: Pyocyanine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants
PubMed: 37291560
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02122-1 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... May 2022Surface sensing is a critical process that promotes the transition to a biofilm lifestyle. Several surface-sensing mechanisms have been described for a range of species,...
Surface sensing is a critical process that promotes the transition to a biofilm lifestyle. Several surface-sensing mechanisms have been described for a range of species, most involving surface appendages, such as flagella and pili. Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the Wsp chemosensory-like signal transduction pathway to sense surfaces and promote biofilm formation. The methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein WspA recognizes an unknown surface-associated signal and initiates a phosphorylation cascade that activates the diguanylate cyclase WspR. We conducted a screen for Wsp-activating compounds and found that chemicals that impact the cell envelope induce Wsp signaling, increase intracellular c-di-GMP levels, and can promote surface attachment. To isolate the Wsp system from other P. aeruginosa surface-sensing systems, we heterologously expressed it in Escherichia coli and found it sufficient for sensing surfaces and the chemicals identified in our screen. Using well-characterized reporters for different E. coli cell envelope stress responses, we then determined that Wsp sensitivity overlapped with multiple E. coli cell envelope stress-response systems. Using mutational and CRISPRi analysis, we found that misfolded proteins in the periplasm appear to be a major stimulus of the Wsp system. Finally, we show that surface attachment appears to have an immediate, observable effect on cell envelope integrity. Collectively, our results provide experimental evidence that cell envelope stress represents an important feature of surface sensing in P. aeruginosa.
Topics: Biofilms; Cell Membrane; Cell Wall; Periplasm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 35476526
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117633119 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 2020
Topics: Biological Transport; Humans; Microbial Interactions; Microbiology; Periodicals as Topic; Pseudomonas; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 32003323
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000882 -
Microbiological Research Jun 2023Microorganisms produce active surface agents called lipopeptides (LPs) which are amphiphilic in nature. They are cyclic or linear compounds and are predominantly... (Review)
Review
Microorganisms produce active surface agents called lipopeptides (LPs) which are amphiphilic in nature. They are cyclic or linear compounds and are predominantly isolated from Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. LPs show antimicrobial activity towards various plant pathogens and act by inhibiting the growth of these organisms. Several mechanisms are exhibited by LPs, such as cell membrane disruption, biofilm production, induced systematic resistance, improving plant growth, inhibition of spores, etc., making them suitable as biocontrol agents and highly advantageous for industrial utilization. The biosynthesis of lipopeptides involves large multimodular enzymes referred to as non-ribosomal peptide synthases. These enzymes unveil a broad range of engineering approaches through which lipopeptides can be overproduced and new LPs can be generated asserting high efficacy. Such approaches involve several synthetic biology systems and metabolic engineering techniques such as promotor engineering, enhanced precursor availability, condensation domain engineering, and adenylation domain engineering. Finally, this review provides an update of the applications of lipopeptides in various fields.
Topics: Lipopeptides; Lipopolysaccharides; Bacillus; Biofilms; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 36989760
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127363 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Feb 2020Chronic infections often contain complex polymicrobial communities that are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. The pathogens associated with these infectious... (Review)
Review
Chronic infections often contain complex polymicrobial communities that are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. The pathogens associated with these infectious communities are often studied in pure culture for their ability to cause disease. However, recent studies have begun to focus on the role of polymicrobial interactions in disease outcomes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can colonize patients with chronic lung diseases for years and sometimes even decades. During these prolonged infections, P. aeruginosa encounters a plethora of other microbes including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The interactions between these microbes can vary greatly, ranging from antagonistic to synergistic depending on specific host and microbe-associated contexts. These additional layers of complexity associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infections must be considered in future studies in order to fully understand the physiology of infection. Such studies focusing on the entire infectious community rather than individual species may ultimately lead to more effective therapeutic design for persistent polymicrobial infections.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Microbial Interactions; Microbiota; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 32062024
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.01.014 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2021Microbial production of antibiotics is common, but our understanding of their roles in the environment is limited. In this study, we explore long-standing observations...
Microbial production of antibiotics is common, but our understanding of their roles in the environment is limited. In this study, we explore long-standing observations that microbes increase the production of redox-active antibiotics under phosphorus limitation. The availability of phosphorus, a nutrient required by all life on Earth and essential for agriculture, can be controlled by adsorption to and release from iron minerals by means of redox cycling. Using phenazine antibiotic production by pseudomonads as a case study, we show that phenazines are regulated by phosphorus, solubilize phosphorus through reductive dissolution of iron oxides in the lab and field, and increase phosphorus-limited microbial growth. Phenazines are just one of many examples of phosphorus-regulated antibiotics. Our work suggests a widespread but previously unappreciated role for redox-active antibiotics in phosphorus acquisition and cycling.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Biological Availability; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenazines; Phosphorus; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 33674490
DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1515 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Pyoverdines (PVDs) are a class of siderophores produced mostly by members of the genus . Their primary function is to accumulate, mobilize, and transport iron necessary... (Review)
Review
Pyoverdines (PVDs) are a class of siderophores produced mostly by members of the genus . Their primary function is to accumulate, mobilize, and transport iron necessary for cell metabolism. Moreover, PVDs also play a crucial role in microbes' survival by mediating biofilm formation and virulence. In this review, we reorganize the information produced in recent years regarding PVDs biosynthesis and pathogenic mechanisms, since PVDs are extremely valuable compounds. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic applications deriving from the PVDs' use and focus on their role as therapeutic target themselves. We assess the current biotechnological applications of different sectors and evaluate the state-of-the-art technology relating to the use of synthetic biology tools for pathway engineering. Finally, we review the most recent methods and techniques capable of identifying such molecules in complex matrices for drug-discovery purposes.
Topics: Iron; Oligopeptides; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Siderophores
PubMed: 36232800
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911507 -
Molecular Microbiology Aug 2019Pseudomonas bacteria are widespread and are found in soil and water, as well as pathogens of both plants and animals. The ability of Pseudomonas to colonize many... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas bacteria are widespread and are found in soil and water, as well as pathogens of both plants and animals. The ability of Pseudomonas to colonize many different environments is facilitated by the multiple signaling systems these bacteria contain that allow Pseudomonas to adapt to changing circumstances by generating specific responses. Among others, signaling through extracytoplasmic function σ (σ ) factors is extensively present in Pseudomonas. σ factors trigger expression of functions required under particular conditions in response to specific signals. This manuscript reviews the phylogeny and biological roles of σ factors in Pseudomonas, and highlights the diversity of σ -signaling pathways of this genus in terms of function and activation. We show that Pseudomonas σ factors belong to 16 different phylogenetic groups. Most of them are included within the iron starvation group and are mainly involved in iron acquisition. The second most abundant group is formed by RpoE-like σ factors, which regulate the responses to cell envelope stress. Other groups controlling solvent tolerance, biofilm formation and the response to oxidative stress, among other functions, are present in lower frequency. The role of σ factors in the virulence of Pseudomonas pathogenic species is described.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Extracellular Space; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Sigma Factor; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31206859
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14331 -
MSphere Jun 2021Laura-Isobel McCall studies the relationship between location and disease pathogenesis, with a focus on infectious diseases and neglected diseases of poverty. In this...
Laura-Isobel McCall studies the relationship between location and disease pathogenesis, with a focus on infectious diseases and neglected diseases of poverty. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how three papers, "Opposing effects of fasting metabolism on tissue tolerance in bacterial and viral inflammation" (A. Wang, S. C. Huen, H. H. Luan, S. Yu, et al., Cell 166:1512-1525.e12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.026), "Three-dimensional microbiome and metabolome cartography of a diseased human lung" (N. Garg, M. Wang, E. Hyde, R. R. da Silva, et al., Cell Host Microbe 22:705-716.e4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.001), and "'It's like a phantom disease': patient perspectives on access to treatment for Chagas disease in the United States" (C. J. Forsyth, S. Hernandez, C. A. Flores, M. F. Roman, et al., Am J Trop Med Hyg 98:735-741, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0691), shaped her spatial approach to infectious disease pathogenesis and helped her broaden her perspective from a pathogen-centric focus to a holistic view that include diseases tolerance mechanisms and barriers to health care access.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Lung; Pseudomonas; Viral Tropism
PubMed: 34160240
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00520-21 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022Each Earth ecosystem has unique microbial communities. Pseudomonas bacteria have evolved to occupy a plethora of different ecological niches, including living hosts,...
Each Earth ecosystem has unique microbial communities. Pseudomonas bacteria have evolved to occupy a plethora of different ecological niches, including living hosts, such as animals and plants. Many genes necessary for the Pseudomonas-niche interaction and their encoded functions remain unknown. Here, we describe a comparative genomic study of 3,274 genomes with 19,056,667 protein-coding sequences from Pseudomonas strains isolated from diverse environments. We detected functional divergence of Pseudomonas that depends on the niche. Each group of strains from a certain environment harbored a distinctive set of metabolic pathways or functions. The horizontal transfer of genes, which mainly proceeded between closely related taxa, was dependent on the isolation source. Finally, we detected thousands of undescribed proteins and functions associated with each Pseudomonas lifestyle. This research represents an effort to reveal the mechanisms underlying the ecology, pathogenicity, and evolution of Pseudomonas, and it will enable clinical, ecological, and biotechnological advances. Microbes play important roles in the health of living beings and in the environment. The knowledge of these functions may be useful for the development of new clinical and biotechnological applications and the restoration and preservation of natural ecosystems. However, most mechanisms implicated in the interaction of microbes with the environment remain poorly understood; thus, this field of research is very important. Here, we try to understand the mechanisms that facilitate the differential adaptation of Pseudomonas-a large and ubiquitous bacterial genus-to the environment. We analyzed more than 3,000 Pseudomonas genomes and searched for genetic patterns that can be related with their coevolution with different hosts (animals, plants, or fungi) and environments. Our results revealed that thousands of genes and genetic features are associated with each niche. Our data may be useful to develop new technical and theoretical advances in the fields of ecology, health, and industry.
Topics: Animals; Ecosystem; Phylogeny; Pseudomonas; Genomics; Adaptation, Physiological
PubMed: 36354324
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02370-22