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European Neuropsychopharmacology : the... Dec 2019Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human... (Review)
Review
Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials should be of high quality, adequately powered and geared towards the advancement of knowledge from population-based observations towards personalized nutrition. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. We conclude that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Nutritional Status; Psychiatry; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31735529
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2020
Topics: Brain; Hallucinogens; Humans; Psychiatry
PubMed: 32816288
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Apr 2020After a legally mandated, decades-long global arrest of research on psychedelic drugs, investigation of psychedelics in the context of psychiatric disorders is yielding...
After a legally mandated, decades-long global arrest of research on psychedelic drugs, investigation of psychedelics in the context of psychiatric disorders is yielding exciting results. Outcomes of neuroscience and clinical research into 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonists, such as psilocybin, show promise for addressing a range of serious disorders, including depression and addiction.
Topics: Hallucinogens; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neuropharmacology; Psilocybin; Psychiatry; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
PubMed: 32243793
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.020 -
Der Nervenarzt Jun 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Neurology; Psychiatry; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34097090
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01130-z -
Academic Psychiatry : the Journal of... Dec 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Education, Distance; Education, Medical, Graduate; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Humans; Occupational Health; Physical Distancing; Psychiatry; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33123877
DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01359-x -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Mar 2023
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Adolescent Psychiatry; Pandemics; Psychiatry; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 36897297
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000925 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Jan 2023
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Adolescent Psychiatry; COVID-19; Mental Health; Minors; Pandemics; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 36606335
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000918 -
Psychological Medicine Apr 2023The practice of formulation has been both championed and severely criticised within clinical psychiatry and interest in formulation within the teaching of clinical... (Review)
Review
The practice of formulation has been both championed and severely criticised within clinical psychiatry and interest in formulation within the teaching of clinical psychiatry is at a low ebb. This article traces the history of the biopsychosocial model, the concept of diagnostic hierarchy and the role of 'verstehen' (or intersubjective meaning grasping) in the clinical assessment. All three of these concepts are considered relevant to the practice of formulation. Responding to challenges aimed at these concepts, it argues that formulation in psychiatry needs resuscitating and rethinking and provides some recommendations for a practice of formulation fit for the 21st century.
Topics: Psychiatry
PubMed: 36878884
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291723000016 -
Biological Psychiatry Apr 2023Computational psychiatry, a relatively new yet prolific field that aims to understand psychiatric disorders with formal theories about the brain, has seen tremendous... (Review)
Review
Computational psychiatry, a relatively new yet prolific field that aims to understand psychiatric disorders with formal theories about the brain, has seen tremendous growth in the past decade. Despite initial excitement, actual progress made by computational psychiatry seems stagnant. Meanwhile, understanding of the human brain has benefited tremendously from recent progress in intracranial neuroscience. Specifically, invasive techniques such as stereotactic electroencephalography, electrocorticography, and deep brain stimulation have provided a unique opportunity to precisely measure and causally modulate neurophysiological activity in the living human brain. In this review, we summarize progress and drawbacks in both computational psychiatry and invasive electrophysiology and propose that their combination presents a highly promising new direction-invasive computational psychiatry. The value of this approach is at least twofold. First, it advances our mechanistic understanding of the neural computations of mental states by providing a spatiotemporally precise depiction of neural activity that is traditionally unattainable using noninvasive techniques with human subjects. Second, it offers a direct and immediate way to modulate brain states through stimulation of algorithmically defined neural regions and circuits (i.e., algorithmic targeting), thus providing both causal and therapeutic insights. We then present depression as a use case where the combination of computational and invasive approaches has already shown initial success. We conclude by outlining future directions as a road map for this exciting new field as well as presenting cautions about issues such as ethical concerns and generalizability of findings.
Topics: Psychiatry; Computer Simulation; Humans; Neurosciences; Skull; Neurophysiology; Depression; Models, Neurological; Electrophysiology; Algorithms
PubMed: 36641365
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.032 -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Feb 2021Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a unique form of non-invasive brain stimulation. Sinusoidal alternating electric currents are delivered to the... (Review)
Review
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a unique form of non-invasive brain stimulation. Sinusoidal alternating electric currents are delivered to the scalp to affect mostly cortical neurons. tACS is supposed to modulate brain function and, in turn, cognitive processes by entraining brain oscillations and inducing long-term synaptic plasticity. Therefore, tACS has been investigated in cognitive neuroscience, but only recently, it has been also introduced in psychiatric clinical trials. This review describes current concepts and first findings of applying tACS as a potential therapeutic tool in the field of psychiatry. The current understanding of its mechanisms of action is explained, bridging cellular neuronal activity and the brain network mechanism. Revisiting the relevance of altered brain oscillations found in six major psychiatric disorders, putative targets for the management of mental disorders using tACS are discussed. A systematic literature search on PubMed was conducted to report findings of the clinical studies applying tACS in patients with psychiatric conditions. In conclusion, the initial results may support the feasibility of tACS in clinical psychiatric populations without serious adverse events. Moreover, these results showed the ability of tACS to reset disturbed brain oscillations, and thus to improve behavioural outcomes. In addition to its potential therapeutic role, the reactivity of the brain circuits to tACS could serve as a possible tool to determine the diagnosis, classification or prognosis of psychiatric disorders. Future double-blind randomised controlled trials are necessary to answer currently unresolved questions. They may aim to detect response predictors and control for various confounding factors.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Psychiatry; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
PubMed: 33211157
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01209-9