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Molecular Psychiatry Jun 2023Computational psychiatry is a field aimed at developing formal models of information processing in the human brain, and how alterations in this processing can lead to... (Review)
Review
Computational psychiatry is a field aimed at developing formal models of information processing in the human brain, and how alterations in this processing can lead to clinical phenomena. There has been significant progress in the development of tasks and how to model them, presenting an opportunity to incorporate computational psychiatry methodologies into large- scale research projects or into clinical practice. In this viewpoint, we explore some of the barriers to incorporation of computational psychiatry tasks and models into wider mainstream research directions. These barriers include the time required for participants to complete tasks, test-retest reliability, limited ecological validity, as well as practical concerns, such as lack of computational expertise and the expense and large sample sizes traditionally required to validate tasks and models. We then discuss solutions, such as the redesigning of tasks with a view toward feasibility, and the integration of tasks into more ecologically valid and standardized game platforms that can be more easily disseminated. Finally, we provide an example of how one task, the conditioned hallucinations task, might be translated into such a game. It is our hope that interest in the creation of more accessible and feasible computational tasks will help computational methods make more positive impacts on research as well as, eventually, clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Brain; Cognition; Psychiatry; Hallucinations
PubMed: 37280282
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02114-y -
NeuroImage Aug 2022The field of neuroimaging has embraced methods from machine learning in a variety of ways. Although an increasing number of initiatives have published open-access...
The field of neuroimaging has embraced methods from machine learning in a variety of ways. Although an increasing number of initiatives have published open-access neuroimaging datasets, specifically designed benchmarks are rare in the field. In this article, we first describe how benchmarks in computer science and biomedical imaging have fostered methodological progress in machine learning. Second, we identify the special characteristics of neuroimaging data and outline what researchers have to ensure when establishing a neuroimaging benchmark, how datasets should be composed and how adequate evaluation criteria can be chosen. Based on lessons learned from machine learning benchmarks, we argue for an extended evaluation procedure that, next to applying suitable performance metrics, focuses on scientifically relevant aspects such as explainability, robustness, uncertainty, computational efficiency and code quality. Lastly, we envision a collaborative neuroimaging benchmarking platform that combines the discussed aspects in a collaborative and agile framework, allowing researchers across disciplines to work together on the key predictive problems of the field of neuroimaging and psychiatry.
Topics: Benchmarking; Humans; Machine Learning; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry
PubMed: 35561945
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119298 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2023
Professor Ellis Alindo D'Arrigo Busnello: a humanist and a scientist with a passion for psychiatry and psychopathology. A great mentor of Brazilian scientific postgraduate programs in psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Mentors; Psychiatry; Psychopathology; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37718466
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3332 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Jun 2021Psychosomatic medicine explores the psychological, behavioral, and social elements that influence people's health and quality of life. This discipline develops skills...
Psychosomatic medicine explores the psychological, behavioral, and social elements that influence people's health and quality of life. This discipline develops skills and knowledge used in the evalua tion and management of psychosocial elements interfering in the process of illness and healing. The Child and Adolescent Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CACLP) is a discipline that has been empi rically installed in order to favor adherence to treatments and recovery of children and teenagers du ring the process of illness. There is a need for developing this discipline in Chile, but so far there are limited national and international records and literature dedicated to it. The objective of this article is to update the concepts of structure and describe how a CACLP unit in a high complexity teaching hospital works in general, discussing the clinical challenges involved in these issues.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Psychiatry; Child; Child Psychiatry; Child, Preschool; Chile; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mental Disorders; Psychosomatic Medicine; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 34479239
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v92i3.2545 -
Der Nervenarzt May 2021Just as the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and other national psychiatric societies, the German Association for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (DGPPN)...
BACKGROUND
Just as the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and other national psychiatric societies, the German Association for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (DGPPN) has published a position statement about religiosity and spirituality in psychiatry and psychotherapy, in which it demands patient orientation and spiritual competency in psychiatric professions. Previous research has shown that lack of competency is the major barrier against implementing spiritual care into clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine spiritual care in psychiatry and psychotherapy. An evaluation of how health professionals in psychiatry gauge the spiritual care competency of their professional group and which variables influence this judgement.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 391 psychiatric nursing personnel, 75 psychiatrists, 119 therapists from diverse professions and 62 others, i.e. 647 working in German and Austrian hospitals completed the German version of the spiritual care competency questionnaire (SCCQ).
RESULTS
Nursing personnel, older and spiritually more experienced persons gauged the spiritual competency of their own professional group comparatively higher and judged less frequently that they have no responsibility in this field. Nursing personnel reported the lack of suitable rooms as a barrier against implementation of spiritual care more often than other professional groups. Judging the spiritual competency of one's own professional group higher is associated with higher values in the SCCQ factors self-experience and proactive opening up, team spirit, perception and documentation competency.
CONCLUSION
The responsibility of healthcare professions for spiritual care in psychiatry and psychotherapy is still a controversial issue among German-speaking psychiatric professional groups. This is partially due to a lack of competency in this domain.
Topics: Austria; Humans; Psychiatry; Psychotherapy; Spiritual Therapies; Spirituality
PubMed: 32776233
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00975-0 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Apr 2023The Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) is an evidence-based methodology meant to improve access to mental health care, especially in primary care settings. While evidence... (Review)
Review
The Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) is an evidence-based methodology meant to improve access to mental health care, especially in primary care settings. While evidence about the efficacy of CoCM is abundant, literature regarding how CoCM is taught to psychiatry trainees appears to be more limited. As psychiatrists play a key role within the CoCM framework, psychiatry trainee exposure to CoCM skills and concepts is imperative for growth of these services. As psychiatry trainees may one day practice CoCM, we aimed to examine available literature about educational opportunities in CoCM for psychiatry trainees. While literature was indeed sparse, we identified that CoCM is taught to psychiatry trainees in the form of clinical rotations, didactics, and leadership experiences. Future opportunities are abundant to increase educational opportunities in CoCM for psychiatry trainees. Potential future studies should make use of innovative technologies (such as telehealth), should be process-oriented, and should focus more on team dynamics and opportunities for further collaboration with primary care practices within the CoCM framework.
Topics: Humans; Psychiatry; Telemedicine
PubMed: 37115146
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.22nr03421 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Jan 2021
Topics: Biomedical Research; COVID-19; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Psychiatry
PubMed: 33471449
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.20ed13856 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2020
Topics: Humans; Neurology; Psychiatry
PubMed: 32700297
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Medicine Jun 2022In 2013, a few years after the launch of the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, Cuthbert and Insel published a paper...
BACKGROUND
In 2013, a few years after the launch of the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, Cuthbert and Insel published a paper titled "Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC." The RDoC project is a translational research effort to encourage new ways of studying psychopathology through a focus on disruptions in normal functions (such as reward learning or attention) that are defined jointly by observable behavior and neurobiological measures. The paper outlined the principles of the RDoC research framework, including emphases on research that acquires data from multiple measurement classes to foster integrative analyses, adopts dimensional approaches, and employs novel methods for ascertaining participants and identifying valid subgroups.
DISCUSSION
To mark the first decade of the RDoC initiative, we revisit the seven pillars and highlight new research findings and updates to the framework that are related to each. This reappraisal emphasizes the flexible nature of the RDoC framework and its application in diverse areas of research, new findings related to the importance of developmental trajectories within and across neurobehavioral domains, and the value of computational approaches for clarifying complex multivariate relations among behavioral and neurobiological systems.
CONCLUSION
The seven pillars of RDoC have provided a foundation that has helped to guide a surge of new studies that have examined neurobehavioral domains related to mental disorders, in the service of informing future psychiatric nosology. Building on this footing, future areas of emphasis for the RDoC project will include studying central-peripheral interactions, developing novel approaches to phenotyping for genomic studies, and identifying new targets for clinical trial research to facilitate progress in precision psychiatry.
Topics: Genomics; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Psychopathology; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 35768815
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02414-0 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2023Considering an evolutionary perspective, psychiatric conditions present us with a paradox. How can the high prevalence of those conditions be explained, given the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Considering an evolutionary perspective, psychiatric conditions present us with a paradox. How can the high prevalence of those conditions be explained, given the importance of genetic factors in many of them? Evolutionary principles predict that traits with an adverse effect on reproduction undergo negative selection.
AIM
To try to formulate an answer to this paradox from the perspective of evolutionary psychiatry by integrating different disciplines.
METHOD
We describe some important evolutionary models: the adaptive and maladaptive model, the mismatch model, the trade-off model and the balance model. By way of illustration, we have searched the literature for evolutionary perspectives on autism spectrum disorder.
RESULTS
In this narrative review we describe several evolutionary hypotheses about autism spectrum disorder with a framing within the different evolutionary models. We discuss, among others, evolutionary hypotheses regarding gender differences in social skills, the link with more recent evolutionary cognitive development, and autism spectrum disorder as an extreme cognitive outlier.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that evolutionary psychiatry offers a complementary point of view on psychiatric conditions and specifically on autism spectrum disorder. A link to neurodiversity and an impetus to clinical translation is made.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Psychiatry; Prevalence; Social Skills; Sex Factors
PubMed: 37323047
DOI: No ID Found