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The Western Journal of Emergency... Oct 2019Breaking bad news (BBN) in the emergency department (ED) represents a challenging and stressful situation for physicians. Many medical students and residents feel... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Breaking bad news (BBN) in the emergency department (ED) represents a challenging and stressful situation for physicians. Many medical students and residents feel stressed and uncomfortable with such situations because of insufficient training. Our randomized controlled study aimed to assess the efficacy of a four-hour BBN simulation-based training on perceived self-efficacy, the BBN process, and communication skills.
METHODS
Medical students and residents were randomized into a 160-hour ED clinical rotation without a formal BBN curriculum (control group [CG], n = 31) or a 156-hour ED clinical rotation and a four-hour BBN simulation-based training (training group [TG], n = 37). Both groups were assessed twice: once at the beginning of the rotation (pre-test) and again four weeks later. Assessments included a BBN evaluation via a simulation with two actors playing family members and the completion of a questionnaire on self-efficacy. Two blinded raters assessed the BBN process with the SPIKES (a delivery protocol for delivering bad news) competence form and communication skills with the modified BBN Assessment Schedule.
RESULTS
Group-by-time effects adjusted by study year revealed a significant improvement in TG as compared with CG on self-efficacy (P < 0.001), the BBN process (P < 0.001), and communication skills (P < 0.001). TG showed a significant gain regarding the BBN process (+33.3%, P < 0.001). After the training, students with limited clinical experience prior to the rotation showed BBN performance skills equal to that of students in the CG who had greater clinical experience.
CONCLUSION
A short BBN simulation-based training can be added to standard clinical rotations. It has the potential to significantly improve self-efficacy, the BBN process, and communication skills.
Topics: Adult; Communication; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Emergency Medicine; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Internship and Residency; Male; Professional-Family Relations; Role Playing; Self Efficacy; Simulation Training; Single-Blind Method; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 31738716
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.8.43441 -
Developmental Neuropsychology Oct 2019This randomized clinical trial ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT02276534) examined the impact of a peer-mediated, theater-based social skills intervention, SENSE... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized clinical trial ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT02276534) examined the impact of a peer-mediated, theater-based social skills intervention, SENSE Theater®, on social cognition and behavior in 77 youth (ages 8-16) with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Analysis of Covariance models revealed that post-treatment, the experimental group (n = 44) performed significantly better than the controls (n = 33) on NEPSY theory of mind (verbal) subtest, demonstrated increased neural evidence of memory for faces, and engaged in more cooperative play and verbal interaction with novel peers. The study extends previous findings showing that SENSE Theater® contributes to improvement in social cognition and behavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Peer Group; Psychodrama; Social Behavior; Social Skills; Theory of Mind
PubMed: 31589087
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2019.1676244 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2019(1) Background: This study aims to apply drama therapy to a counseling group to address the mental health problems of college students in Taiwan due to the increasingly...
(1) Background: This study aims to apply drama therapy to a counseling group to address the mental health problems of college students in Taiwan due to the increasingly serious psychological problems that have happened in recent times. Based on the healing factors in drama therapy, we applied such therapy activities to four counseling groups composed of 12 high-risk students from Taiwan. (2) Methods: "Questionnaire-based assessment, participant self-assessment and participant attitude assessment" methods were used to evaluate the six mental health indicators of the participants in the evaluation of drama therapy's effect and the groups' pre-test and post-test (the first group and the last group). The six indicators were self-awareness, self-expression, interpersonal and communication skills, self-cognitive reconstruction ability, social role ability, and decision-making ability. Data were collected and assessed for the frequencies and percentages of each indicator item. Sets of paired-samples t-tests, independent t-tests, and two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were employed to evaluate the different designs. (3) Results: The results revealed that drama therapy could deliver significantly positive effects for and improve the six mental health indicators of the participants. Males' self-awareness and decision-making actions were more positively affected than females. (4) Conclusions: The study helps to provide a path of establishing the mental health module of drama therapy in the education sector in Taiwan.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Communication; Counseling; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Psychodrama; Social Skills; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taiwan; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 31547613
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193560 -
Community Mental Health Journal Nov 2022The impact of drama therapy on mental health recovery remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of a pilot remote drama therapy program for community members...
The impact of drama therapy on mental health recovery remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of a pilot remote drama therapy program for community members living with serious mental illness. The entire intervention was delivered remotely. Participants with serious mental illness completed a 12-week drama therapy program which included an online performance open to the public. Four quantitative scales were administered pre- and post-program. A focus group was conducted 1 week after the performance. Six participants completed the program and crafted a public performance themed around hope. No significant differences were identified in the quantitative measures. Five themes were identified in the post-performance focus group. Drama therapy presents an opportunity for individuals with serious mental illness to process and share their journeys with their diagnoses and re-create a healthy sense of self with increased community awareness.
Topics: Humans; Psychodrama; Drama; Mental Health Recovery; Focus Groups; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 35583837
DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-00977-z -
Nursing Open Sep 2020Due to a lack of standardized guidelines, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of educational programmes for nursing students' systematic handover training.
BACKGROUND
Due to a lack of standardized guidelines, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of educational programmes for nursing students' systematic handover training.
AIMS
This study aimed to develop a stepwise nursing handover programme and to examine its effects on awareness of handover Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, communication self-efficacy and satisfaction with handover education.
DESIGN
This was a single-group repeated measures ANOVA study.
METHODS
This study was conducted in a nursing department, using a convenience sample of 25 senior nursing students from April 2 to June 22, 2018. The programme was divided into lectures, scenario role-playing and nursing case role-playing. The research questions were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
Awareness of handover Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, communication self-efficacy and satisfaction with handover education gradually increased after each step of the programme. The stepwise nursing handover programme, progressing from low to high levels of learning, can be used to improve the nursing handover system and handover communication ability.
Topics: Communication; Humans; Learning; Patient Handoff; Role Playing; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 32802376
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.537 -
Cureus Nov 2021Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists following tissue injury or disease processes and is believed to have taken place after healing. It is a functional...
Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists following tissue injury or disease processes and is believed to have taken place after healing. It is a functional impairment that causes discomfort and leads to the inability to perform various essential daily activities. Chronic pain in pediatrics can be of various types, the most commonly prevalent types being headaches, abdominal pain, and limb pain. Adolescents with chronic pain have been found to have generalized anxiety scores twice that of the average population, along with significant impairment of family dynamics. Some forms of chronic pain respond effectively to medication and psychotherapy, and recurrence is common when stress is triggered by external or environmental factors, most recently in the form of COVID-19. In this case series, we discuss three cases of worsening mental health presentations and chronic pain exacerbation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We talk about the unique perspective of chronic pain in the pediatric population and comorbid mental illnesses and their management from a psychiatric standpoint.
PubMed: 34987917
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20032 -
Advances in Physiology Education Sep 2024Embedding clinically relevant learning experience in basic science subjects is desired for the preclinical phase of undergraduate medical education. The present study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Embedding clinically relevant learning experience in basic science subjects is desired for the preclinical phase of undergraduate medical education. The present study aimed to modify case-based learning (CBL) with a role-playing situational teaching method and assess the student feedback and learning effect. One hundred seventy-six sophomore students majoring in clinical medicine from Harbin Medical University were randomly divided into two groups: the control group ( = 90), who received traditional hybrid teaching, and the experimental group ( = 86), who received the role-playing situational teaching. Students in the experimental group were given a 1-wk preclass preparation to dramatize a hyperthyroidism scenario through online autonomous learning of thyroid physiology and performed the patient's consultation process in class, followed by a student presentation about key points of lecture content and a question-driven discussion. A posttest and questionnaire survey were conducted after class. The test scores of the two groups had no statistical differences, whereas the rate of excellence (high scores) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, the record of online self-directed learning engagements was significantly improved in the experimental group. In the questionnaire, >70% of the students showed positive attitudes toward the role-playing situational teaching method and were willing to participate in other chapters of the physiology course. Such results show that CBL supported by a role-playing situational teaching method encourages active learning and improves the application of basic knowledge of physiology, which can be incorporated in the preclinical curricula to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Formal application through structured role-play is often overlooked in physiology education. In traditional case-based learning (CBL), clinical cases are the subject and unfocused discussion often occurs. The present study aimed to modify CBL with a role-playing situational teaching method and assess the student feedback and learning effect. The results show that the new teaching model encourages active learning and improves the application of basic knowledge of physiology.
Topics: Humans; Physiology; Problem-Based Learning; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Students, Medical; Female; Endocrinology; Male; Role Playing; Teaching; Educational Measurement; Young Adult
PubMed: 38695082
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00232.2023 -
Eye (London, England) Oct 2019To survey the members of the American Glaucoma Society (AGS) to determine which glaucoma procedures they would prefer to have performed on themselves.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
To survey the members of the American Glaucoma Society (AGS) to determine which glaucoma procedures they would prefer to have performed on themselves.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
We distributed an anonymous, electronic survey via the AGS listserv. The participants were asked to adopt the role of a patient with primary open angle glaucoma with progressive visual field loss in need of glaucoma surgery. Three preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) levels were provided (>26 mmHg, 21-26 mmHg, and <21 mmHg), and the participants were asked to choose a glaucoma procedure they would prefer performed on themselves under each preoperative IOP levels from a list of fifteen procedures.
RESULTS
Out of 289 responses (representing 27.4% of active and provisional AGS members), the most preferred procedures were ab interno trabeculotomy (20.3%), Xen gel stent (18.6%), iStent with two devices (14.3%) and traditional trabeculectomy augmented with mitomycin C (14.1%). 17.6% and 6.9% of participants preferred a trabeculectomy performed or a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implanted on themselves, which is a lower than what would be offered to a hypothetical patient. Significant proportions of participants prefer non-bleb forming or conjunctiva-sparing procedures, even with low preoperative IOP levels. Older participants were more likely to prefer traditional trabeculectomy and having a single procedure across all levels of preoperative IOP.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of AGS participants in the survey would prefer micro-invasive glaucoma surgery over traditional trabeculectomy or a GDD performed on themselves as a primary glaucoma procedure, and most would prefer non-bleb forming and conjunctiva-sparing procedures.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Glaucoma Drainage Implants; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmologists; Ophthalmology; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Role Playing; Societies, Medical; Trabeculectomy
PubMed: 31043689
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0452-9 -
Addictive Behaviors Dec 2021Esports has become one of the major online entertainment activities around the globe. Different from the previously dominant massively multiplayer online role-playing...
Esports has become one of the major online entertainment activities around the globe. Different from the previously dominant massively multiplayer online role-playing games, esports gaming has its unique structural characteristics, which substantially reshape the motivations, experiences, and behaviors of game users while raising new questions for research on Internet gaming disorder. In addition to identifying four structural characteristics of esports, the present study analyzed their implications from both theoretical and practical perspectives and conducted a cross-cultural examination by utilizing accurate and objective match history data of esports gamers in five different geographic regions (countries). Several findings of interest were obtained in this study. First, having in-game friend(s) in a premade team significantly increased gamers' propensity to play consecutive matches. Second, whereas Nordic and Eastern European gamers tended to play additional matches following wins, Japanese gamers were inclined to do so after experiencing losses. Third, low and high-skilled gamers were more likely to engage in consecutive play than their middle-skilled counterparts. With a focus on the competitive nature of esports, this study demonstrated that the presence of friend(s), the outcome of the previous match, and the level of gaming skill can significantly influence esports gamers' involvement.
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Humans; Internet; Motivation; Role Playing; Video Games
PubMed: 34332273
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107056 -
The EPMA Journal Jun 2020Currently considered an occupational disease, the burnout syndrome affects 13-27% of the active population in multiple occupational sectors of the modern world.
Original targeted therapy for the management of the burnout syndrome in nurses: an innovative approach and a new opportunity in the context of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine.
BACKGROUND
Currently considered an occupational disease, the burnout syndrome affects 13-27% of the active population in multiple occupational sectors of the modern world.
OBJECTIVES
Considering the burnout syndrome from the new perspective of the predictive, preventive, personalized medicine concept as a pathological entity with a predictable appearance and evolution which allows a preventive approach and a personalized therapy, the main objective of the study is to highlight the possibility of psychotherapeutic interventions for producing measurable psychological changes in order to decrease the burnout level of hospital nurses.
METHOD
The research design is experimental, the independent variable being the participation or non-participation of nurses in psychotherapeutic sessions where specific classical psychodrama techniques are originally used. Nurses previously identified with medium or high levels of burnout participated in the clinical study, split into two groups: the experimental one, with 150-min weekly sessions, and the control one, without any intervention. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to the members of both groups.
RESULTS
The statistical analysis of the differences between pre- and post-intervention revealed (a) the decrease of the levels of personal burnout and of burnout generated by the working conditions and (b) the decrease of the depression and of anxiety on four dimensions (self-awareness, ergic tension, veiled and general anxiety).
CONCLUSIONS
The classical psychodrama method can be an effective solution in the prophylaxis and treatment of the burnout syndrome. The multidisciplinary approach according to the PPPM concept including changes of the environmental factors within the professional framework associated with stress control programmes can be promising solutions for the management of this syndrome.
PubMed: 32549915
DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00201-6