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Clinical Psychology Review Nov 2020Historically there has been only a limited relationship between clinical psychology and evolutionary science. This article considers the status of that relationship in... (Review)
Review
Historically there has been only a limited relationship between clinical psychology and evolutionary science. This article considers the status of that relationship in light of a modern multi-dimensional and multi-level extended evolutionary approach. Evolution can be purposive and even conscious, and evolutionary principles can give guidance and provide consilience to clinical psychology, especially as it focuses more on processes of change. The time seems ripe to view clinical psychology as an applied evolutionary science.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Humans; Psychology, Clinical; Research
PubMed: 32801086
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101892 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Feb 2021
Topics: Cuba; Emigrants and Immigrants; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Psychiatry; Psychology; Research Personnel; United States
PubMed: 33334646
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.12.001 -
Topics in Cognitive Science Oct 2019Núñez and colleagues (2019) question whether cognitive science still exists "as a coherent academic field with a well-defined and cohesive interdisciplinary research...
Núñez and colleagues (2019) question whether cognitive science still exists "as a coherent academic field with a well-defined and cohesive interdisciplinary research program." This worry may be premature on two grounds. First, we are not convinced that the Lakatosian criterion of coalescence around a core framework is the best standard for judging whether a field is well-defined and productive. Second, although we acknowledge that cognitive science is not as visible as we would like, we doubt that this low profile accurately reflects the state of actual research and teaching programs based on the cognitive science approach.
Topics: Cognitive Science
PubMed: 31587499
DOI: 10.1111/tops.12466 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Sep 2023Commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have taken centre stage in the media sphere,...
Commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have taken centre stage in the media sphere, business, public policy, and education. The ramifications for the field of child psychology and psychiatry are being debated and veer between LLMs as potential models for development and applications of generative AI becoming environmental factors for human development. This Editorial briefly discusses developmental research on generative AI and the potential impact of generative AI on the hybrid social world in which young people grow up. We end by considering that the rapid developments justify increasing attention in our field.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Artificial Intelligence; Educational Status; Language; Psychiatry; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 37528517
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13860 -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Apr 2022Cancer is not only a challenge for the patient, but can also be associated with psychosocial distress for relatives, especially partners and minor children. Although... (Review)
Review
Cancer is not only a challenge for the patient, but can also be associated with psychosocial distress for relatives, especially partners and minor children. Although studies on the long-term effects of cancer on partners, the partnership, and child development are still rare, there are indications that the psychological distress on relatives may become chronic, and that parental illness is a risk factor for a child to develop mental disorders. In addition, a deterioration in partnership satisfaction also increases the risk of separation.Psycho-oncology care should therefore not only consider the patient's psychosocial burden but also that of the partner, as well as its effect on the partnership. Appropriate offers, for example to increase partnership and sexual satisfaction, communication, or dyadic coping, should be made. Children should also be treated as relatives in care. Focusing on both the child's distress and on improving the parent-child relationships and parenting behavior can help children to cope with parental illness in the long term. Thus, cancer should be viewed on the individual, dyadic, and family level, and psychosocial care services should be provided at all levels.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Family; Germany; Humans; Neoplasms; Parenting; Psycho-Oncology; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35181794
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03495-1 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Jun 2024Education is a human activity that is continuously developing. This is the core of the Cultural Psychology of Education framework. There are no ready-made, perpetual... (Review)
Review
Education is a human activity that is continuously developing. This is the core of the Cultural Psychology of Education framework. There are no ready-made, perpetual solutions that work everywhere and for every person. Two central themes dominate this chapter: (1) Education is cultural in nature, and (2) Educational Psychology is culturally guided. The Cultural Psychology approach to education reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Educational Psychology and informs its application in a variety of cultural contexts. Cultural Psychology of Education is international and global, promoting cultural sensitivity within the educational environment and the idea that in any society, the application of knowledge in the area of education is locally based. Nevertheless, the field strives to contribute to the discussion about education on a global scale. Cultural Psychology of Education has a necessary moral commitment to the dignity, integrity and diversity of human life. The promotion and protection of the well-being of individuals and diverse human communities is a core aspect inherent in both the theoretical applications and the professional practices.
Topics: Cultural Competency; Education; Psychology, Educational
PubMed: 35737218
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-022-09707-2 -
Topics in Cognitive Science Oct 2019Cognitive science continues to make a compelling case for having a coherent, unique, and fundamental subject of inquiry: What is the nature of minds, where do they come...
Cognitive science continues to make a compelling case for having a coherent, unique, and fundamental subject of inquiry: What is the nature of minds, where do they come from, and how do they work? Central to this inquiry is the notion of agents that have goals, one of which is their own persistence, who use dynamically constructed knowledge to act in the world to achieve those goals. An agentive perspective explains why a special class of systems have a cluster of co-occurring capacities that enable them to exhibit adaptive behavior in a complex environment: perception, attention, memory, representation, planning, and communication. As an intellectual endeavor, cognitive science may not have achieved a hard core of uncontested assumptions that Lakatos (1978) identifies as emblematic of a successful research program, but there are alternative conceptions according to which cognitive science has been successful. First, challenges of the early, core tenet of "Mind as Computation" have helped put cognitive science on a stronger foundation-one that incorporates relations between minds and their environments. Second, even if a full cross-disciplinary theoretic consensus is elusive, cognitive science can inspire distant, deep, and transformative connections between pairs of fields. To be intellectually vital, cognitive science need not resemble a traditional discipline with its associated insularity and unchallenged assumptions. Instead, there is strength and resilience in the diverse perspectives and methods that cognitive science assembles together. This interdisciplinary enterprise is fragile and perhaps inherently unstable, as the looming absorption of cognitive science into psychology shows. Still, for many researchers, the excitement and benefits of triangulating on the nature of minds by integrating diverse cases cannot be secured by a stable discipline with an uncontested core of assumptions.
Topics: Attention; Cognitive Science; Communication; Knowledge
PubMed: 31583827
DOI: 10.1111/tops.12463 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... May 2023Part of the appeal of attachment language is that it feels near to our everyday experience, as terms like 'attachment', 'security' or 'disorganisation' feel readily...
Part of the appeal of attachment language is that it feels near to our everyday experience, as terms like 'attachment', 'security' or 'disorganisation' feel readily recognisable. Yet, not one of these terms is used by academic attachment researchers in line with ordinary language. This has hindered the evidence-based use of attachment in practice, the feedback loop from practice to research and the dialogue between attachment researchers in developmental psychology and in social psychology. This paper pinpoints the difficulties arising from the existence of multiple versions of 'attachment theory' that use exactly the same terms, held by communities that assume that they are referring to the same thing and with little infrastructure to help them discover otherwise. When we talk past one another, the different communities with a stake in knowledge of attachment are obstructed from genuinely learning from one another, drawing on their respective strengths and pursuing collaborations. One factor contributing to this situation has been the use of attachment terminology with technical meanings, but often without setting out clear definitions. We here introduce a guide to attachment terminology used by the academic community, which has recently been published on the website of the Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies. The guide is meant for researchers, clinicians and everyone concerned with attachment to increase understanding of the technical meaning of important terminology used by researchers, and support the quality of discussions between researchers, and between researchers and clinicians and other publics.
Topics: Humans; Terminology as Topic; Object Attachment; Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Behavioral Research
PubMed: 35916428
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13675 -
Journal of Community Psychology Sep 2022This paper explores the personal and professional connections between clinical psychologists in the United Kingdom (UK) and critical/community psychology (CCP)....
This paper explores the personal and professional connections between clinical psychologists in the United Kingdom (UK) and critical/community psychology (CCP). Specifically, it asks how clinical psychologists define the area, how they relate to it and how they apply it in their work. Twenty clinical psychologists responded to an online survey, 12 of whom went on to take part in a follow-up telephone interview. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The results are divided into three sections: i. "describing CCP": social justice and a questioning stance are considered, ii. "relating to CCP": an interplay between lifespan events and personal responses are described and iii. "applying CCP": a dynamic between role-specific applications and reality checks that either enable or constrain is illustrated. Although the continued need for a CCP is described, the results highlight both challenges and tensions of practising CCP within clinical psychology.
Topics: Humans; Psychology, Applied; Psychology, Clinical; Social Justice; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35106772
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22805 -
ELife Oct 2021Within neuroscience, psychology, and neuroimaging, the most frequently used statistical approach is null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) of the population mean....
Within neuroscience, psychology, and neuroimaging, the most frequently used statistical approach is null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) of the population mean. An alternative approach is to perform NHST within individual participants and then infer, from the proportion of participants showing an effect, the prevalence of that effect in the population. We propose a novel Bayesian method to estimate such population prevalence that offers several advantages over population mean NHST. This method provides a population-level inference that is currently missing from study designs with small participant numbers, such as in traditional psychophysics and in precision imaging. Bayesian prevalence delivers a quantitative population estimate with associated uncertainty instead of reducing an experiment to a binary inference. Bayesian prevalence is widely applicable to a broad range of studies in neuroscience, psychology, and neuroimaging. Its emphasis on detecting effects within individual participants can also help address replicability issues in these fields.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Biostatistics; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Neurosciences; Psychology; Research Design
PubMed: 34612811
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.62461