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Communications Biology Sep 2021There has been a fascination for centuries surrounding drivers of human behavior and the relationship between the ‘mind’ and the brain. However, there is an ongoing...
There has been a fascination for centuries surrounding drivers of human behavior and the relationship between the ‘mind’ and the brain. However, there is an ongoing disconnection between different research communities aiming to provide a mechanistic understanding about what underlies behavior, psychology and neuroscience. This comment outlines why this is a problem for scientific progress and replicability in brain sciences and considers how publishers can play a central role to help overcome the disconnect between, what should be, joint scientific communities.
Topics: Neurosciences; Psychology; Publishing
PubMed: 34535753
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02634-9 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... Sep 2019The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity in the United States and the rest of the world poses problems for patients and for health care providers, care systems, and...
The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity in the United States and the rest of the world poses problems for patients and for health care providers, care systems, and policy. After clarifying the difference between comorbidity and multimorbidity, this article describes the challenges that the prevalence of multimorbidity presents for well-being, prevention, and medical treatment. We submit that health psychology and behavioral medicine have an important role to play in meeting these challenges because of the holistic vision of health afforded by the foundational biopsychosocial model. Furthermore, opportunities abound for health psychology/behavioral medicine to study how biological, social and psychological factors influence multimorbidity. This article describes three major areas in which health psychologists can contribute to understanding and treatment of multimorbidity: (a) etiology; (b) prevention and self-management; and (c) clinical care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Behavioral Medicine; Chronic Disease; Humans; Multimorbidity; Psychology
PubMed: 31436463
DOI: 10.1037/hea0000762 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2022
Topics: Education, Medical; Humans; Psychology, Medical
PubMed: 34730719
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2155 -
Cognition Aug 2022Mathematical proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly-justified arguments that we have in the cultural record. Their very explicitness,...
Mathematical proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly-justified arguments that we have in the cultural record. Their very explicitness, however, leads to a paradox, because the probability of error grows exponentially as the argument expands. When a mathematician encounters a proof, how does she come to believe it? Here we show that, under a cognitively-plausible belief formation mechanism combining deductive and abductive reasoning, belief in mathematical arguments can undergo what we call an epistemic phase transition: a dramatic and rapidly-propagating jump from uncertainty to near-complete confidence at reasonable levels of claim-to-claim error rates. To show this, we analyze an unusual dataset of forty-eight machine-aided proofs from the formalized reasoning system Coq, including major theorems ranging from ancient to 21st Century mathematics, along with five hand-constructed cases including Euclid, Apollonius, Hernstein's Topics in Algebra, and Andrew Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Our results bear both on recent work in the history and philosophy of mathematics on how we understand proofs, and on a question, basic to cognitive science, of how we justify complex beliefs.
Topics: Cognitive Science; Female; Humans; Mathematics; Philosophy; Problem Solving
PubMed: 35405458
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105120 -
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Feb 2021Many workflows and tools that aim to increase the reproducibility and replicability of research findings have been suggested. In this review, we discuss the... (Review)
Review
Many workflows and tools that aim to increase the reproducibility and replicability of research findings have been suggested. In this review, we discuss the opportunities that these efforts offer for the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, in particular developmental neuroimaging. We focus on issues broadly related to statistical power and to flexibility and transparency in data analyses. Critical considerations relating to statistical power include challenges in recruitment and testing of young populations, how to increase the value of studies with small samples, and the opportunities and challenges related to working with large-scale datasets. Developmental studies involve challenges such as choices about age groupings, lifespan modelling, analyses of longitudinal changes, and data that can be processed and analyzed in a multitude of ways. Flexibility in data acquisition, analyses and description may thereby greatly impact results. We discuss methods for improving transparency in developmental neuroimaging, and how preregistration can improve methodological rigor. While outlining challenges and issues that may arise before, during, and after data collection, solutions and resources are highlighted aiding to overcome some of these. Since the number of useful tools and techniques is ever-growing, we highlight the fact that many practices can be implemented stepwise.
Topics: Cognitive Neuroscience; Humans; Neuroimaging; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33383554
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100902 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Oct 2022
Topics: Child; Humans; Psychology, Child; Specialization
PubMed: 36207109
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.08.005 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022The strength of social relations has been shown to affect an individual's access to opportunities. To date, however, the correspondence between tie strength and...
The strength of social relations has been shown to affect an individual's access to opportunities. To date, however, the correspondence between tie strength and population's economic prospects has not been quantified, largely because of the inability to operationalise strength based on Granovetter's classic theory. Our work departed from the premise that tie strength is a unidimensional construct (typically operationalized with frequency or volume of contact), and used instead a validated model of ten fundamental dimensions of social relationships grounded in the literature of social psychology. We built state-of-the-art NLP tools to infer the presence of these dimensions from textual communication, and analyzed a large conversation network of 630K geo-referenced Reddit users across the entire US connected by 12.8M social ties created over the span of 7 years. We found that unidimensional tie strength is only weakly correlated with economic opportunities ([Formula: see text]), while multidimensional constructs are highly correlated ([Formula: see text]). In particular, economic opportunities are associated to the combination of: (i) knowledge ties, which bridge geographically distant groups, facilitating the knowledge dissemination across communities; and (ii) social support ties, which knit geographically close communities together, and represent dependable sources of social and emotional support. These results point to the importance of developing high-quality measures of tie strength in network theory.
Topics: Economic Development; Interpersonal Relations; Social Support; Psychology, Social; Social Networking
PubMed: 36543831
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26245-4 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Dec 2021This article asks what kind of science psychology should be and what new readings of Vygotsky can contribute to answering this question. Methodology and method are key...
This article asks what kind of science psychology should be and what new readings of Vygotsky can contribute to answering this question. Methodology and method are key to constituting psychology as a science. Hence, the focus is on three major methodologic-methodic approaches to what Vygotsky referred to in his Notebooks towards the end of his life as his and his colleagues' "acmeist psychology" - the objective-analytical, the method of double stimulation and the semic method. Each will be discussed in its own right, followed by a discussion of the interrelatedness of the three in order to provide stimulation for future possibilities. These possibilities - it will be argued - lie in decisively re-orienting psychology as a science that brings single cases and complex semiotic analyses to the fore and thereby also rethinks psychology's relation towards the arts, especially literature.
Topics: Humans; Psychology; Research Design
PubMed: 34515941
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-021-09634-8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021This article reviews the historical usage of the concept of 'conflict' in psychology and delineates the design and development of three basic conflict tasks (Stroop,... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the historical usage of the concept of 'conflict' in psychology and delineates the design and development of three basic conflict tasks (Stroop, Flanker, Stop Signal). Afterwards, important theoretical concepts to account for conflict processing are introduced. In the second part, the usage of these tasks in clinical psychology is considered. The article closes with some reflections regarding factors that may have been hitherto largely neglected in this respect.
Topics: Conflict, Psychological; Psychology, Clinical; Reaction Time
PubMed: 34682402
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010657 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023
Topics: Behavioral Medicine; Economics, Behavioral; Decision Making
PubMed: 37124804
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1175519