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AMA Journal of Ethics Nov 2023This essay connects loneliness with health problems and argues that both are comorbid with authoritarian politics. Although an old idea from Plato and Aristotle, this...
This essay connects loneliness with health problems and argues that both are comorbid with authoritarian politics. Although an old idea from Plato and Aristotle, this problem takes an acute shape in the contemporary world, as argued by Hegel, Hannah Arendt, and Kate Manne, and has a gendered dimension, as men are lonelier than women. This article also attends, briefly, to empirical material about loneliness in the contemporary world.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Loneliness; Gender Identity; Politics
PubMed: 38085591
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2023.850 -
The Lancet. Public Health Apr 2020
Topics: Gender Identity; Government; Humans; Respect; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 32243848
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30059-1 -
Annual Review of Public Health Apr 2022Gender is an important determinant of health, but explicit attention to gender is often missing in health promotion. We build on Pederson and colleagues'... (Review)
Review
Gender is an important determinant of health, but explicit attention to gender is often missing in health promotion. We build on Pederson and colleagues' gender-transformative framework for health promotion to propose four guiding principles for gender-transformative health promotion. First, health promotion must address gender norms directly if it is to improve health outcomes. Second, it should move beyond individual change to engage explicitly with structural and social determinants of health. Third, it should address underlying gender-related determinants in order to influence health outcomes. And fourth, it requires complexity-informed design, implementation, and evaluation. We provide background on key concepts that are essential for designing, implementing, and evaluating gender-transformative health promotion: gender norms, socioecological approaches, and the gender system. We give examples of the four principles in practice, using the case of postnatal mental health promotion in Australia and sexuality education in Mexico. These four principles can be applied to health promotion efforts across contexts and outcomes to address the harmful gender norms that contribute to poor health as a part of broader efforts to improve health and well-being.
Topics: Australia; Gender Identity; Health Promotion; Humans
PubMed: 35380067
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-121019-053834 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Jan 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Gender Equity; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Puberty
PubMed: 31866032
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.012 -
AMA Journal of Ethics Jan 2021Critical lessons can be gleaned by examining 2 of the most salient relationships between racism and medicine during the Holocaust: (1) connections between racism and...
Critical lessons can be gleaned by examining 2 of the most salient relationships between racism and medicine during the Holocaust: (1) connections between racism and dehumanization that have immediate, lethal, deleterious, longer-term consequences and (2) intersections of racism and other forms of hatred and bigotry, including discrimination against people with disabilities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people; and social and religious minorities. When considered in the US context, these lessons amplify need for reflection about the history of eugenics and human experimentation and about the persistence of racism and ableism in health care.
Topics: Dehumanization; Female; Gender Identity; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Sexual Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 33554851
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2021.64 -
JAMA Network Open Aug 2023While changes in federal and state laws mandating coverage of gender-affirming surgery (GAS) may have led to an increase in the number of annual cases, comprehensive...
IMPORTANCE
While changes in federal and state laws mandating coverage of gender-affirming surgery (GAS) may have led to an increase in the number of annual cases, comprehensive data describing trends in both inpatient and outpatient procedures are limited.
OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in inpatient and outpatient GAS procedures in the US and to explore the temporal trends in the types of GAS performed across age groups.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study includes data from 2016 to 2020 in the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample and the National Inpatient Sample. Patients with diagnosis codes for gender identity disorder, transsexualism, or a personal history of sex reassignment were identified, and the performance of GAS, including breast and chest procedures, genital reconstructive procedures, and other facial and cosmetic surgical procedures, were identified.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Weighted estimates of the annual number of inpatient and outpatient procedures performed and the distribution of each class of procedure overall and by age were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 48 019 patients who underwent GAS were identified, including 25 099 (52.3%) who were aged 19 to 30 years. The most common procedures were breast and chest procedures, which occurred in 27 187 patients (56.6%), followed by genital reconstruction (16 872 [35.1%]) and other facial and cosmetic procedures (6669 [13.9%]). The absolute number of GAS procedures rose from 4552 in 2016 to a peak of 13 011 in 2019 and then declined slightly to 12 818 in 2020. Overall, 25 099 patients (52.3%) were aged 19 to 30 years, 10 476 (21.8%) were aged 31 to 40, and 3678 (7.7%) were aged12 to 18 years. When stratified by the type of procedure performed, breast and chest procedures made up a greater percentage of the surgical interventions in younger patients, while genital surgical procedures were greater in older patients.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Performance of GAS has increased substantially in the US. Breast and chest surgery was the most common group of procedures performed. The number of genital surgical procedures performed increased with increasing age.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Cohort Studies; Gender Dysphoria; Inpatients; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37610753
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30348 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior May 2022People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific...
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study's purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially challenging for non-binary individuals because it has many gender markers. To avoid using gendered forms, they often use a specific form of passive voice. In an experiment, participants (N = 130, 102 women, 28 men) read a gendered (feminine or masculine) text and a gender-neutral text with passive voice. Most gave a masculine name to the person in the neutral text, but addressed them in a gender-neutral way when asked to react to them in presented scenarios. The gender-neutral text was evaluated as being less comprehensible than the gendered texts, and the non-binary person was rated less competent and colder than a man or a woman and was less socially accepted. Furthermore, the negative evaluation of non-binary people seemed to be attributable to unfamiliarity with gender-neutral language and its lower comprehensibility. More research is needed to understand these perceptions better and to be able to prevent their potential negative consequences.
Topics: Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Language; Male; Social Perception; Voice
PubMed: 35467171
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02234-y -
Bulletin of the World Health... Apr 2021Transforming our world the 2030 agenda for sustainable development is working towards a world that reflects equity, with universal respect for human dignity, pledging to...
Transforming our world the 2030 agenda for sustainable development is working towards a world that reflects equity, with universal respect for human dignity, pledging to leave no one behind. However, transgender and gender-diverse individuals experience significant health inequities, including negative health outcomes and multiple barriers to accessing care. In this article, we first highlight the health inequities that transgender and gender-diverse people face globally. We describe important aspects of transgender and gender-diverse health care, including the design and provision of health services, epidemiological considerations, transition-related care, changes in transition-related goals, cultural considerations, and political and legal issues. We then review the existing global literature on incorporating transgender health into medical curricula. We make a case for prioritizing improved education in medical schools on the specific health needs of transgender and gender-diverse people as part of addressing global health inequities in care. Our recommendations for comprehensive education on transgender health include cultural humility and anti-oppression training; involvement of transgender and gender-diverse community members; integration of transgender and gender-diverse health into curricula; practice-focused and in situ training; staff development in medical schools; and improving access to careers in medicine for transgender and gender-diverse people.
Topics: Curriculum; Education, Medical; Gender Identity; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 33953447
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.19.249086 -
Fertility and Sterility Oct 2021The medical profession is deeply involved in designating and amending the sex designations on legal records that themselves are not used clinically. The assumptions... (Review)
Review
The medical profession is deeply involved in designating and amending the sex designations on legal records that themselves are not used clinically. The assumptions inherent in the current legal sex designation system and the criteria for amending such are being reexamined. The harms of the current legal sex designation system, especially for transgender people, have become increasingly recognized. Consequently, the appropriateness of the health care professional's participation in recording legal sex designations has been called into question. Herein, we describe the medicolegal challenges surrounding legal sex designations and their potential solutions.
Topics: Female; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Health Services for Transgender Persons; Human Rights; Humans; Male; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 34579827
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.020 -
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology May 2022Defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical, differences or disorders of sex development (DSDs) comprise... (Review)
Review
Defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical, differences or disorders of sex development (DSDs) comprise many discrete diagnoses ranging from those associated with few phenotypic differences between affected and unaffected individuals to those where questions arise regarding gender of rearing, gonadal tumor risk, genital surgery, and fertility. Controversies exist in numerous areas including how DSDs are conceptualized, how to refer to the set of conditions and those affected by them, and aspects of clinical management that extend from social media to legislative bodies, courts of law, medicine, clinical practice, and scholarly research in psychology and sociology. In addition to these aspects, this review covers biological and social influences on psychosocial development and adjustment, the psychosocial and psychosexual adaptation of people born with DSDs, and roles for clinical psychologists in the clinical management of DSDs.
Topics: Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Sexual Development
PubMed: 35216524
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-101412