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Nature Aging May 2023Studies have identified sex and/or gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease, but few have examined other dementias. We highlight sex and gender differences in other...
Studies have identified sex and/or gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease, but few have examined other dementias. We highlight sex and gender differences in other dementias, discuss sociocultural factors and provide a framework for future global studies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Gender Identity
PubMed: 37202511
DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00374-5 -
AMA Journal of Ethics Jul 2021Tension between naming to render an important kind of suffering among transgender people more visible and avoiding pathologizing experiences of transgender people in a...
Tension between naming to render an important kind of suffering among transgender people more visible and avoiding pathologizing experiences of transgender people in a gender-binary world can be keenly felt among patients seeking gender-affirming services. This article suggests why clinical "verification" of a patient's need for gender-affirming care is likely less important than clinicians' expressions of empathy and respect for patients' autonomy. This article also suggests that fostering transgender patients' sense of agency should be prioritized.
Topics: Emotions; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Humans; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 34351266
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2021.557 -
JAMA Pediatrics Jul 2021Gender identity is a person’s internal sense of being a boy, a girl, some of both, or neither and typically develops early in childhood.
Gender identity is a person’s internal sense of being a boy, a girl, some of both, or neither and typically develops early in childhood.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 34047753
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1014 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Jul 2022The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on completing a thorough, competent, and culturally appropriate health history with details specific to the care of... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on completing a thorough, competent, and culturally appropriate health history with details specific to the care of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) persons and communities.
Topics: Culturally Competent Care; Female; Gender Identity; Health Communication; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 35725226
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.12.005 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2021This article is a historical review of the medical and psychiatric diagnoses associated with transgender people across epochs. Ancient Greek and Roman writings already... (Review)
Review
This article is a historical review of the medical and psychiatric diagnoses associated with transgender people across epochs. Ancient Greek and Roman writings already mention gender change. Before a diagnosis even existed, historical documents described the lives of numerous people whom we would consider transgender today. The development of medical classifications took off in the nineteenth century, driven by the blooming of natural sciences. In the nineteenth century, most authors conflated questions of sexual orientation and gender. For example, the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing reported cases of transgender people but understood them as paranoia, or as the extreme degree of severity in a dimension of sexual inversion. In the early 1900s, doctors such as Magnus Hirschfeld first distinguished homosexual and transgender behaviour. The usual term for transgender people was transvestite, before Harry Benjamin generalised the term transsexual in the mid-20th century. The term transgender became common in the 1970s. This article details the evolution of diagnoses for transgender people from DSM-III and ICD-10 to DSM-5 and ICD-11.
Topics: Female; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 35860172
DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2042166 -
American Journal of Public Health Mar 2022
Topics: Adolescent; Gender Identity; Humans; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 35196055
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306690 -
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews 2023This narrative review of research conducted during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic examines whether alcohol use among cisgender women and transgender and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This narrative review of research conducted during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic examines whether alcohol use among cisgender women and transgender and nonbinary people increased during the pandemic. The overarching goal of the review is to inform intervention and prevention efforts to halt the narrowing of gender-related differences in alcohol use.
SEARCH METHODS
Eight databases (PubMed, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Gender Studies Database, GenderWatch, and Web of Science) were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between March 2020 and July 2022, that reported gender differences or findings specific to women, transgender or nonbinary people, and alcohol use during the pandemic. The search focused on studies conducted in the United States and excluded qualitative research.
SEARCH RESULTS
A total 4,132 records were identified, including 400 duplicates. Of the remaining 3,732 unique records for consideration in the review, 51 were ultimately included. Overall, most studies found increases in alcohol use as well as gender differences in alcohol use, with cisgender women experiencing the most serious consequences. The findings for transgender and nonbinary people were equivocal due to the dearth of research and because many studies aggregated across gender.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol use by cisgender women seems to have increased during the pandemic; however, sizable limitations need to be considered, particularly the low number of studies on alcohol use during the pandemic that analyzed gender differences. This is of concern as gender differences in alcohol use had been narrowing before the pandemic; and this review suggests the gap has narrowed even further. Cisgender women and transgender and nonbinary people have experienced sizable stressors during the pandemic; thus, understanding the health and health behavior impacts of these stressors is critical to preventing the worsening of problematic alcohol use.
Topics: Humans; Female; United States; Transgender Persons; Pandemics; COVID-19; Gender Identity; Transsexualism
PubMed: 38170029
DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v43.1.05 -
MSystems Oct 2023Microbiology conferences can be powerful places to build collaborations and exchange ideas, but for queer and transgender (trans) scientists, they can also become...
Microbiology conferences can be powerful places to build collaborations and exchange ideas, but for queer and transgender (trans) scientists, they can also become sources of alienation and isolation. Many conference organizers would like to create welcoming and inclusive events but feel ill-equipped to make this vision a reality, and a historical lack of representation of queer and trans folks in microbiology means we rarely occupy these key leadership roles ourselves. Looking more broadly, queer and trans scientists are systematically marginalized across scientific fields, leading to disparities in career outcomes, professional networks, and opportunities, as well as the loss of unique scientific perspectives at all levels. For queer and trans folks with multiple, intersecting, marginalized identities, these barriers often become even more severe. Here, we draw from our experiences as early-career microbiologists to provide concrete, practical advice to help conference organizers across research communities design inclusive, safe, and welcoming conferences, where queer and trans scientists can flourish.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Gender Identity; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37800938
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00433-23 -
Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2022While individuals have demonstrated gender diversity throughout history, the use of medication and/or surgery to bring a person's physical sex characteristics into... (Review)
Review
While individuals have demonstrated gender diversity throughout history, the use of medication and/or surgery to bring a person's physical sex characteristics into alignment with their gender identity is relatively recent, with origins in the first half of the 20th century. Adolescent gender-affirming care, however, did not emerge until the late 20th century and has been built upon pioneering work from the Netherlands, first published in 1998. Since that time, evolving protocols for gender-diverse adolescents have been incorporated into clinical practice guidelines and standards of care published by the Endocrine Society and World Professional Association for Transgender Health, respectively, and have been endorsed by major medical and mental health professional societies around the world. In addition, in recent decades, evidence has continued to emerge supporting the concept that gender identity is not simply a psychosocial construct but likely reflects a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and cultural factors. Notably, however, while there has been increased acceptance of gender diversity in some parts of the world, transgender adolescents and those who provide them with gender-affirming medical care, particularly in the USA, have been caught in the crosshairs of a culture war, with the risk of preventing access to care that published studies have indicated may be lifesaving. Despite such challenges and barriers to care, currently available evidence supports the benefits of an interdisciplinary model of gender-affirming medical care for transgender/gender-diverse adolescents. Further long-term safety and efficacy studies are needed to optimize such care.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Sex Characteristics; Netherlands
PubMed: 36446328
DOI: 10.1159/000526721 -
Journal of Endocrinological... Sep 2023Many issues still remain unresolved in the management of pubertal patients with gender incongruence (GI). The aim of this review is to discuss the main aspects of the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Many issues still remain unresolved in the management of pubertal patients with gender incongruence (GI). The aim of this review is to discuss the main aspects of the treatment of these patients to provide a practical approach for clinicians.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search within PubMed was performed to provide updates of available evidence regarding the impact on bioethical, medical and fertility issues in gender incongruence during transition age.
RESULTS
Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment (GAHT) and Gender Affirming Surgery (GAS) can induce unsatisfaction with change, future regrets, and the risk of infertility. This raises ethical issues especially in the management of pubertal patients that remain unresolved. Therapy with GnRH analogues (GnRHa) is intended to delay puberty, so as to give the adolescent a longer period of time to decide whether to continue with the treatments. At the level of physical changes, this therapy may have an effect on bone mineralization and body composition; however, long-term longitudinal data are not yet available. An important feature related to the use of GnRHa is the risk of fertility. Gamete cryopreservation is the most established method of fertility preservation (FP) and should be counselled to transgender adolescents. However, these patients are not always interested in having biological children.
CONCLUSION
Based on the current evidence, there is a need to conduct further research to clarify certain issues and to standardize clinical practice and improve counselling in transgender adolescent decision making and avoid regrets in the future.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Fertility Preservation; Counseling; Infertility; Cryopreservation; Transsexualism; Transgender Persons; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity
PubMed: 37071372
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02077-5