-
Medicine Feb 2023To evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block on perioperative pain and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block on perioperative pain and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobotomy.
METHODS
Patients aged 60 to 80 years who underwent the surgery of thoracoscopic lobectomy were selected; ASA grades I to III and New York Heart Association (NYHA) grades I to II. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group C (group Compaired) and group T (group Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block TPVB). Patients in group T received ultrason-guided TPVB while those in group C didn't received TPVB. Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was administered to all the patients. The consumption of intraoperative opioids, cases of hipoxemia, operative time, and extubation time was also recorded. Pain scores (static and dynamic) were assessed at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours point after the operation. Pain scores, occurrence of postoperative delirium occurrence, postoperative complications, total amount of analgesic drugs, length of hospital stay, rescue analgesic requirement, and side effects were recorded within 5 days.
RESULTS
Intraoperative dosages of sufentanil and remifentanil were significantly lower in group T (Table 1). The postoperative recovery time in group T was significantly shortened (Table 1). The VAS pain scores of group T at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after surgery were much lower. The consumption of intraoperative opioids, number of rescue analgesic requirements, and the occurrence of postoperative delirium incidence in group T was significantly reduced (Table 2). There were no differences in hipoxemia events, postoperative nausea, vomiting and pulmonary complications between the two groups (Table 2).
CONCLUSION
Preoperative ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) can obviously decrease the intraoperative and postoperative opioids consumption, shorten the recovery time, reduce the number of rescue analgesia and the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobotomy.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Nerve Block; Emergence Delirium; Psychosurgery; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Pain, Postoperative; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
PubMed: 36827015
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032907 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Dec 2023The anniversary of the publication of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest' by Ken Kesey offers an opportunity for reflection on the use of neurosurgery in psychiatry. We...
The anniversary of the publication of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest' by Ken Kesey offers an opportunity for reflection on the use of neurosurgery in psychiatry. We used a narrative, historical and dialectical method to deliver an account of the controversial subject. A balanced representation of the negative and positive aspects, acknowledging some of the questionable ethical practices while describing well-reasoned applications is provided. It includes neurosurgeons, psychiatrists who have embraced these procedures with unwarranted enthusiasm and those who have opposed. Neurosurgical techniques for the treatment of severe mental disorders have evolved from rudimentary procedures which were used to 'correct' unwanted behaviours associated with a wide range of severe mental disorders to more refined and selective approaches used as a last resort to treat specific mental health conditions. In the absence of specific aetiological models to guide ablative surgical targets, non-ablative, stimulatory techniques have more recently been developed to allow reversibility when surgical treatment fails to obtain a sizeable improvement in quality of life. The subject is concretely illustrated by two eloquent clinical images: one on a series of brain computed tomography scans carried out on a Canadian population of subjects, who underwent leukotomy decades ago, and the other more contemporary on an implantation surgery to epidural stimulation. Alongside technical advances in psychosurgery, a regulatory framework has gradually developed to ensure vigilance in the appropriateness of patients' selection. Nevertheless, harmonisation of protocols around the world is necessary to ensure consistency in obtaining and maintaining the highest possible ethical standards for the benefit of patients. If the neurosciences promise today, in their new, better framed, and reversible applications, to provide answers to unmet therapeutic needs, we still must remain attentive to drifts linked the introduction of intrusive technologies for purposes of domination or behaviour modification that would impede our individual freedom.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Psychosurgery; Diptera; Quality of Life; Canada; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37424267
DOI: 10.1177/07067437231182658 -
Epilepsy Research Aug 2019RCTs are the gold standard in determining intervention efficacy with journal impact factor assumed to index research quality. Flint et al's (2017) systematic review...
PURPOSE
RCTs are the gold standard in determining intervention efficacy with journal impact factor assumed to index research quality. Flint et al's (2017) systematic review examined neurocognitive outcomes following paediatric temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Retrieved evidence was restricted to non-RCTs, which pose greater risk of bias and thus diminish research quality. The current study evaluated risk of bias in sources retrieved by Flint et al. and explored whether impact factor related to research quality within this selected field.
METHODS
Methodological and reporting bias was evaluated using categories of bias specified by Cochrane. The relationship between the identified number of biases and journal impact factors of retrieved sources was examined.
RESULTS
All studies carried substantial risk for bias. Methodology bias included low sample size (76.71%; 56/73), risk of confounding cognitive outcomes due to failure to report pre-surgery neurocognitive data (21.92%; 16/73) and to determine whether patients were prescribed antiepileptic drugs at follow-up (53.42%; 39/73). Reporting bias included overstating claims based on findings (53.42%; 39/73), failure to report individual patient characteristics (66%; 33/50) and omitting the nature of surgical interventions (15.07%; 11/73). The number of sources of common bias within studies was not associated significantly with journal impact factor (p = .878).
CONCLUSION
This evaluation highlights risk of bias when sources are predominantly uncontrolled non-RCTs and provides evidence that journal impact factor is not a reliable indicator of quality within this field. Authors should limit bias in their methods and reporting of results, to ensure the highest quality evidence possible is used to inform treatment decisions and prognosis.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Neurocognitive Disorders; Psychosurgery; Qualitative Research; Retrospective Studies; Temporal Lobe; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31125839
DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.03.013 -
Case Reports in Neurology 2024The use of surgery for treatment of psychiatric conditions is a well-established strategy, especially in severe and resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Attractive...
INTRODUCTION
The use of surgery for treatment of psychiatric conditions is a well-established strategy, especially in severe and resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Attractive anatomical and functional targets for stereotactic surgery are reported in some studies. Surgery for treatment of psychiatric conditions in our nation and Arab world is obscured and hidden because of several social and cultural limitations, which should be overcome. We report here the first psychiatric neurosurgery in our nation and how we overcome such community limitation. This the first report of postoperative tremor.
CASE PRESENTATION
Young patient presented with severe and persistent obsessive-compulsive disorder resistant to all non-surgical modalities for several years. Stereotactic ablation surgery was done under local anaesthesia. Marked improvement in our obsessive-compulsive disorder patient after psychiatric neurosurgery with self-limited tremor was not reported before in the literature. The medications were the same before and immediate after surgery and this is not a drug-induced tremor. Postoperative YBOCS showed 90% of improvement.
CONCLUSION
Surgery-induced tremor could be a self-limited side effect after surgery in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Safety and efficacy should be promoted in our nation and Arab world. Society and cultural limitations should be overcome by further research studies, intervention, and activism in the field of mental health systems in our nation and Arab countries to improve awareness.
PubMed: 38751650
DOI: 10.1159/000538331 -
Pediatric Neurosurgery 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Psychosurgery; Epilepsy
PubMed: 37393898
DOI: 10.1159/000531755 -
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 2020During the 20th century, only two persons have been awarded the Nobel Prize for psychiatric discoveries, Julius Wagner-Jauregg in 1927 for the introduction of malaria...
During the 20th century, only two persons have been awarded the Nobel Prize for psychiatric discoveries, Julius Wagner-Jauregg in 1927 for the introduction of malaria inoculation in dementia paralytica and Egas Moniz in 1949 for prefrontal leucotomy. According to traditional narrative, Moniz was inspired by a presentation by Carlyle Jacobsen on prefrontal lesions in chimpanzees at a congress in London in 1935. A few months later, he performed the first operations with the help of a young neurosurgeon. These leucotomies were done using injections of a small amount of alcohol into each frontal lobe through a single burr hole on each side of the skull, and the findings from the first 20 patients were published soon after that in 1936. It has, however, been difficult to reconstruct the path leading Moniz to frontal leucotomy, due to his unwillingness to acknowledge contributions from others. Maurice Ducosté, psychiatrist at Villejuif in Paris, France, started his work with psychiatric patients in the early 1920s with mechanical lesions in schizophrenia and continued with injections into the frontal lobes. Later, he focused on general paresis of the insane in neurosyphilis. Here, he introduced injections of malaria-infested blood into the frontal lobes - cerebral impaludation. Injections were used also in schizophrenia, mania, melancholia, and other psychiatric conditions. These injections were up to 5 mL in volume and could be repeated up to 12 times in an individual patient, which must have created significant lesions. Ducosté performed his procedure in hundreds of psychiatric patients before Moniz attempted leucotomy, and his work was presented in several publications before that by Moniz. Moniz basically used the same entry point, target depth, and technique in his first leucotomies. The major difference was that Moniz used alcohol with the clear intent of producing a lesion. Further, Moniz must have been aware of the work of Ducosté, since they presented papers, one after the other, at a meeting of the French Academy of Medicine in 1932. Even so, Moniz never acknowledged any contribution by Ducosté. In my opinion, it would be appropriate to acknowledge the contribution of Maurice Ducosté to the introduction of lobotomy.
Topics: Frontal Lobe; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Neurosurgeons; Nobel Prize; Psychosurgery
PubMed: 32320974
DOI: 10.1159/000507033 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Psychosurgery; Surgical Flaps; Angiography; Ultrasonography, Doppler
PubMed: 38557092
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0388 -
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Thalamus; Essential Tremor; Psychosurgery
PubMed: 38284308
DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13989 -
Neurology India 2019Radiation-induced brain edema (RIBE) is a serious complication of radiation therapy. It may result in dramatic clinico-radiological deterioration. At present, there are...
BACKGROUND
Radiation-induced brain edema (RIBE) is a serious complication of radiation therapy. It may result in dramatic clinico-radiological deterioration. At present, there are no definite guidelines for management of the complication. Corticosteroids are the usual first line of treatment, which frequently fails to provide long-term efficacy in view of its adverse complication profile. Bevacizumab has been reported to show improvement in cases of steroid-resistant radiation injury. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of Bevacizumab in post-radiosurgery RIBE.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Since 2012, 189 out of 1241 patients who underwent radiosurgery at our institution developed post-radiosurgery RIBE, 17 of which did not respond to high-dose corticosteroids. We systematically reviewed these 17 patients of various intracranial pathologies with clinic-radiological evidence of RIBE following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). All patients received protocol-based Bevacizumab therapy. The peer-reviewed literature was evaluated.
RESULTS
82 percent of the patients showed improvement after starting Bevacizumab. The majority began to improve after the third cycle started improvement after the third cycle of Bevacizumab. Clinical improvement preceded radiological improvement by an average of eight weeks. The first dose was 5 mg/kg followed by 7.5-10 mg/kg at with two-week intervals. Bevacizumab needs to be administered for an average of seven cycles (range 5-27, median 7) for best response. Steroid therapy could be tapered in most patients by the first follow-up. One patient did not respond to Bevacizumab and needed surgical decompression for palliative care. One noncompliant patient died due to radiation injury.
CONCLUSION
Bevacizumab is a effective and safe for treatment of RIBE after GKRS. A protocol-based dose schedule in addition to frequent clinical and radiological evaluations are required. Bevacizumab should be considered as an early treatment option for RIBE.
Topics: Adult; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Brain Edema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiation Injuries; Radiosurgery; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 31744962
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.271242 -
International Journal of Law and... 2020Many countries have enacted, or are in the process of enacting, emergency mental health legislation in response to the global pandemic of Covid-19 (coronavirus). In...
Many countries have enacted, or are in the process of enacting, emergency mental health legislation in response to the global pandemic of Covid-19 (coronavirus). In Ireland, the Emergency Measures in the Public Interest (Covid-19) Act, 2020 amends the Mental Health Act 2001 to permit the Mental Health Commission to request an independent psychiatric report about an involuntary patient from any consultant psychiatrist who is not treating the patient (and not just those on its designated panel). This independent examination may occur 'in person', 'by other appropriate means', or even, 'due to the exigencies of the public health emergency', not occur at all, once this is explained in the resultant report. The 2020 Act acknowledges that 'the exigencies of the public health emergency' might hamper the independent psychiatrist's work and requires a written report from the patient's treating psychiatrist 'no earlier than the day before' the tribunal, in lieu of the psychiatrist physically attending a tribunal hearing, although, if possible, they will attend (i.e. phone in to) a tribunal held by conference call. The 2020 Act permits the Mental Health Commission to, if necessary, appoint tribunals 'consisting of one member who shall be a practising barrister or solicitor'. Such a tribunal shall, if possible, consult with a consultant psychiatrist if the reports from the independent psychiatrist and treating psychiatrist conflict or if it is otherwise 'necessary in the interest of the patient'. A tribunal can extend an involuntary order by a second period of 14 days 'of its own motion if the tribunal, having due regard to the interest of the patient, is satisfied that it is necessary'. Tribunals for current involuntary patients will be prioritised over retrospective tribunals for discharged patients; a tribunal can direct a witness to provide 'a written statement' rather than attending; and the patient can make written representation to the tribunal instead of physically attending a tribunal hearing, although they may attend (i.e. phone in to) a tribunal held by conference call. Psycho-surgery for involuntary patients is banned. While it is clear that revisions are urgent and necessary in light of Covid-19, the proportionality of these changes will depend on how, and the extent to which, they are used in practice. With good communication, efficient team-working and close adherence to professional codes of practice and ethics, it is hoped that these amendments will result in a review system that is as reasonable, robust and reassuring as the current, highly unusual circumstances permit.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Commitment of Mentally Ill; Coronavirus Infections; Decision Making; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Ireland; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Psychiatry; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32482306
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101564