Did you mean: peniciec acid
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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). NDs are characterized by progressive damage and death of nerve cells accompanied by high... (Review)
Review
Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). NDs are characterized by progressive damage and death of nerve cells accompanied by high levels of inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress conditions. Punicic acid, the main bioactive component of pomegranate () seed oil, is an omega-5 isomer of conjugated α-linoleic acid that has shown strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that contributes towards its positive effect against a wide arrange of diseases. Punicic acid decreases oxidative damage and inflammation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In addition, it can reduce beta-amyloid deposits formation and tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and the inhibition of calpain hyperactivation. Microencapsulated pomegranate, with high levels of punicic acid, increases antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Likewise, encapsulated pomegranate formulations with high levels of punicic acid have shown an increase in the antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Because of the limited brain permeability of punicic acid, diverse delivery formulations have been developed to enhance the biological activity of punicic acid in the brain, diminishing neurological disorders symptoms. Punicic acid is an important nutraceutical compound in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
PubMed: 35159404
DOI: 10.3390/foods11030252 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2023Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and an increased production of fibrillar collagen in...
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and an increased production of fibrillar collagen in the cardiac interstitium, mainly caused by the activation of cardiac fibroblasts and their transition into myofibroblasts. Oxidative stress is deeply implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis both directly and via its involvement in the tumor growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Ellagic acid (EA) and punicic acid (PA) are the main components of the Punica granatum L (pomegranate) fruit and seed oil respectively, whose antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects have been previously described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EA or PA or EA+PA in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Immortalized Human Cardiac Fibroblasts (IM-HCF) were stimulated with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 24 h to induce a fibrotic damage. Cells were then treated with EA (1 µM), PA (1 µM) or EA+PA for additional 24 h. Both EA and PA reduced the pro-fibrotic proteins expressions and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The anti-oxidant activity was also observed by Nrf2 activation with the consequent TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition, thus reducing collagen production. EA and PA significantly inhibit NF-κB pathway and, consequently, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels: the greater effect was observed when EA and PA were used in combination. These results suggest that EA, PA and in particular EA+PA might be effective in reducing fibrosis through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by the modulation of different molecular pathways.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Fibrosis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ellagic Acid
PubMed: 37030134
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114666 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Jan 2020Punicic acid (PA), a predominant fatty acid (85%) in pomegranate seeds, also called as an ω-5 fatty acid, is known to render various health beneficial effects to...
Punicic acid (PA), a predominant fatty acid (85%) in pomegranate seeds, also called as an ω-5 fatty acid, is known to render various health beneficial effects to humans. The objective of this study was to prepare and observe the effect of replacement of wheat flour with 5-12.5% punicic acid rich pomegranate seed powder (PSP, 9XXX fraction) on rheological, physico-sensory and antioxidant properties of bread. The increasing amount of PSP caused decrease in farinograph water absorption capacity, dough stability; amylograph peak viscosity; bread volume and overall quality score, whereas crumb hardness was increased. The combination of additives (CA) showed significant improvement in dough strength, texture and quality of bread with 10% PSP. The total polyphenol content (TPP) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) increased by 10- to 30-fold while PA was increased to 60-fold when compared to control. The recovery of PA from bread samples was in range of 45-60% and further increased by the addition of CA (65%). Hence, 10% PSP bread having 60% recovery of PA can be successfully considered for formulations without altering the rheological and sensory quality of bread. These results reveal that PA rich PSP prepared from a fruit industry by-product can be utilized for preparing antioxidant rich functional bread which also helps in overall improvement of bone health.
PubMed: 31975728
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04055-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Punicic acid (PuA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with significant medical, biological, and nutraceutical properties. The primary source of punicic acid is the...
Punicic acid (PuA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with significant medical, biological, and nutraceutical properties. The primary source of punicic acid is the pomegranate seed oil obtained from fruits of trees that are mainly cultivated in subtropical and tropical climates. To establish sustainable production of PuA, various recombinant microorganisms and plants have been explored as platforms with limited efficiencies. In this study, the oleaginous yeast was employed as a host for PuA production. First, growth and lipid accumulation of were evaluated in medium supplemented with pomegranate seed oil, resulting in the accumulation of lipids up to 31.2%, consisting of 22% PuA esterified in the fraction of glycerolipids. In addition, lipid-engineered strains, transformed with the bifunctional fatty acid conjugase/desaturase from (PgFADX), showed the ability to accumulate PuA de novo. PuA was detected in both polar and neutral lipid fractions, especially in phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerols. Promoter optimization for PgFADX expression resulted in improved accumulation of PuA from 0.9 to 1.8 mg/g of dry cell weight. The best-producing strain expressing PgFADX under the control of a strong erythritol-inducible promoter produced 36.6 mg/L PuA. These results demonstrate that the yeast is a promising host for PuA production.
Topics: Yarrowia; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Linolenic Acids; Plant Oils; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 37240172
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108823 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Over the last decades, we have witnessed an increasing interest in food-related products containing vegetable oils. These oils can be obtained either by extraction or by...
Over the last decades, we have witnessed an increasing interest in food-related products containing vegetable oils. These oils can be obtained either by extraction or by mechanical pressing of different parts of plants (e.g., seeds, fruit, and drupels). Producers of nutraceuticals have ceaselessly searched for unique and effective natural ingredients. The enormous success of argan oil has been followed by discoveries of other interesting vegetable oils (e.g., pomegranate oil) containing several bioactives. This work describes the pomegranate fruit extract and seed oil as a rich source of conjugated linolenic acid as a metabolite of punicic acid (PA), deriving from the omega-5 family (ω-5). Through the chemical characterization of PA, its nutritional and therapeutic properties are highlighted together with the physiological properties that encourage its use in human nutrition. We analyzed the composition of all fatty acids with beneficial properties occurring in pomegranate seed oil using gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detection (FID) analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pomegranate seed oil mainly consists of 9,11,13-octadic-trienoic acid (18:3), corresponding to 73 wt % of the total fatty acids. Nine components were identified by GC in PSO, varying between 0.58 and 73.19 wt %. Using midinfrared (MIR) spectroscopy, we compared the composition of pomegranate seed oil with that of meadowfoam seed oil (MSO), which is also becoming increasingly popular in the food industry due to its high content of long chain fatty acids (C20-22), providing increased oil stability. From the results of FTIR and MIR spectroscopy, we found that punicic acid is unique in PSO (73.19 wt %) but not in MSO.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Fatty Acids; Humans; Linolenic Acids; Lythraceae; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Pomegranate; Seeds; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 36144599
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185863 -
Nutrients Aug 2021Plant-derived conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic properties against diverse diseases such as cancer. In...
Plant-derived conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic properties against diverse diseases such as cancer. In particular, punicic acid (PunA), a conjugated linolenic acid isomer (C18:3 c9t11c13) present at up to 83% in pomegranate seed oil, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects, although the mechanism behind its cytotoxicity remains unclear. Ferroptosis, a cell death triggered by an overwhelming accumulation of lipid peroxides, has recently arisen as a potential mechanism underlying CLnA cytotoxicity. In the present study, we show that PunA is highly cytotoxic to HCT-116 colorectal and FaDu hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells grown either in monolayers or as three-dimensional spheroids. Moreover, our data indicate that PunA triggers ferroptosis in carcinoma cells. It induces significant lipid peroxidation and its effects are prevented by the addition of ferroptosis inhibitors. A combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a known polyunsaturated fatty acid with anticancer properties, synergistically increases PunA cytotoxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of using PunA as a ferroptosis-sensitizing phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Ferroptosis; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Linolenic Acids; Lipid Peroxidation
PubMed: 34444911
DOI: 10.3390/nu13082751 -
Vaccines Aug 2020Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or... (Review)
Review
Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.
PubMed: 32842641
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030468 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022In recent years, pomegranate oil has obtained more attention due to its content of conjugated linolenic acids and possible application in the prevention of many...
In recent years, pomegranate oil has obtained more attention due to its content of conjugated linolenic acids and possible application in the prevention of many diseases. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential ability of pomegranate oil to modulate obesity-related metabolism and immune response using in vitro models. In this regard, pomegranate oil was characterized in terms of fatty acids profile, tocopherols and phytosterols, and antioxidant capacity. After evaluation of the safety profile, pomegranate oil's capacity to modulate obesity-related metabolism was evaluated through adipolysis and adipokines secretion quantification in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes and hepatic lipid accumulation assay in Hep G2 hepatocytes. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in Caco-2 cells by quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. This oil showed high antioxidant capacity and was mainly composed of conjugated fatty acid, namely punicic acid. Its chemical composition was responsible for its capacity to reduce the lipid accumulation in Hep G2 cells and 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. In short, pomegranate oil shows great potential for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals targeting obesity.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Animals; Antioxidants; Caco-2 Cells; Fruit; Humans; Mice; Plant Oils; Pomegranate
PubMed: 35956908
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154958 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022is a fruit-bearing tree from the Punicaceae family, indigenous to Iran. This plant has healing qualities that have drawn the interest of the medical community as an... (Review)
Review
is a fruit-bearing tree from the Punicaceae family, indigenous to Iran. This plant has healing qualities that have drawn the interest of the medical community as an alternative treatment for malignancies and non-malignancies. Its healing quality is due to the phytochemicals present in the plant. These include ellagic acid, punicic acid, phenols, and flavonoids. In traditional medicine, has been used in treating diseases such as dysentery, bleeding disorders, leprosy, and burns. This review explores the effects of the phytochemical constituents of on photodynamic therapy for cancer, chronic inflammation, osteoarthritis, and viral infections. Its antioxidant and antitumor effects play a role in reduced free radical damage and cancer cell proliferation. It was concluded that has been used for many disease conditions for a better therapeutic outcome. This paper will give visibility to more studies and expand the knowledge on the potential use of in photodynamic cancer treatment.
PubMed: 36365273
DOI: 10.3390/plants11212820 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2024Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal tumors, displaying striking cellular heterogeneity and drug resistance. The prognosis of patients suffering from glioblastoma...
Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal tumors, displaying striking cellular heterogeneity and drug resistance. The prognosis of patients suffering from glioblastoma after 5 years is only 5%. In the present work, capsaicin analogues bearing modifications on the acyl chain with long-chain fatty acids showed promising anti-tumoral activity by its cytotoxicity on U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma multiforme cells. The capsaicin analogues were enzymatically synthetized with cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The catalytic performance of recombinant CALB-CLEAs was compared to their immobilized form on a hydrophobic support. After 72 h of reaction, the synthesis of capsaicin analogues from linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and punicic acid achieved a maximum conversion of 69.7, 8.3 and 30.3% with CALB-CLEAs, respectively. Similar values were obtained with commercial CALB, with conversion yields of 58.3, 24.2 and 22% for capsaicin analogues from linoleic acid, DHA and punicic acid, respectively. Olvanil and dohevanil had a significant cytotoxic effect on both U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma cells. Irrespective of the immobilization form, CALB is an efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of anti-tumoral capsaicin derivatives. KEY POINTS: • This is the first report concerning the enzymatic synthesis of capsaicin analogues from docosahexaenoic acid and punicic acid with CALB-CLEAs. • The viability U-87 and U-138 glioblastoma cells was significantly affected after incubation with olvanil and dohevanil. • Capsaicin analogues from fatty acids obtained by CALB-CLEAs are promising candidates for therapeutic use as cytotoxic agents in glioblastoma cancer cells.
Topics: Humans; Capsaicin; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glioblastoma; Fungal Proteins
PubMed: 38217255
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12856-y