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Annals of the American Thoracic Society Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Kartagener Syndrome; Ciliary Motility Disorders; Respiration Disorders; Genotype; Mucus
PubMed: 37000147
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202301-021ED -
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology Oct 2019The newborn infant's respiratory system must rapidly adapt to extra-uterine life. Neonatal rat and mouse models have been used to investigate early development of... (Review)
Review
The newborn infant's respiratory system must rapidly adapt to extra-uterine life. Neonatal rat and mouse models have been used to investigate early development of respiratory control and reactivity in both health and disease. This review highlights several rodent models of control of breathing and respiratory system development (including pulmonary function), discusses their translational strengths and limitations, and underscores the importance of creating clinically relevant models applicable to the human infant.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Lung Diseases; Mice; Models, Animal; Rats; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 31315068
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.06.006 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Smoking; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 36812216
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad029 -
Archivos de Bronconeumologia Jun 2022
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Inflammation; Neutrophils; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 34866748
DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.11.003 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Jun 2022Healthy trained athletes generally have an "overbuilt" respiratory system in order to face the huge ventilation and gas-exchange demand imposed by strenuous exercise.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Healthy trained athletes generally have an "overbuilt" respiratory system in order to face the huge ventilation and gas-exchange demand imposed by strenuous exercise. Athletes frequently complain of respiratory symptoms regardless of whether they have a diagnosed respiratory disease, therefore evoking a kind of respiratory limitation during exercise. Some respiratory pathologies athletes present are closely linked to exercise and include asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) or exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction. Management of asthma and EIB are mainly based on pharmacological treatments. However, many athletes still complain of respiratory symptoms despite optimal pharmacological treatments, which highlights the need for non-pharmacological approaches including breathing retraining, inspiratory muscle training and/or laryngeal exercise performed under the guidance of a physiotherapist in this specific population.
OBJECTIVES
With this literature overview, we aimed to report evidence supporting the interest of rehabilitation for athletes with respiratory disorders and discuss whether inspiratory muscle training programs can improve performance in healthy athletes.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for trials, reviews and meta-analyses assessing respiratory rehabilitation and muscle training programs in athletes by using the MesH terms "athletes", "asthma", "dyspnea", "rehabilitation" and "education" published from January 2010 to March 2020. The selection of articles was based on the author's expertise to elaborate this review of the literature.
RESULTS
Major findings suggest that breathing retraining may help asthmatic athletes better control their respiratory symptoms and that inspiratory muscle training may improve respiratory symptoms of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in athletes. Improvement of performance by respiratory muscle training still remains controversial.
CONCLUSIONS
Respiratory rehabilitation could be of interest in the specific population of athletes but should be further evaluated to improve the level of evidence of such strategies.
Topics: Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Athletes; Bronchoconstriction; Dyspnea; Humans; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 33271343
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.101461 -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Jun 2022The nervous system and the immune system are relatively independent but interactional, and neuro-immune regulation is very important for the respiratory system to resist...
The nervous system and the immune system are relatively independent but interactional, and neuro-immune regulation is very important for the respiratory system to resist external harmful stimuli and to maintain homeostasis. Neuro-immune interaction is involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases, and is essential for monitoring and modulating inflammation and tissue repair. This article summaries the neuro-immune regulation of respiratory system and discusses its role in respiratory diseases, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems, to explore the underlying mechanism in respiratory diseases, and to provide new thoughts for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases.
Topics: Homeostasis; Humans; Immune System; Inflammation; Nervous System; Neuroimmunomodulation; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 35770641
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Respiratory mycosis is a major health concern, due to the expanding population of immunosuppressed and immunocompromised patients and the increasing resistance to... (Review)
Review
Respiratory mycosis is a major health concern, due to the expanding population of immunosuppressed and immunocompromised patients and the increasing resistance to conventional antifungals and their undesired side-effects, thus justifying the development of new therapeutic strategies. Plant metabolites, namely essential oils, represent promising preventive/therapeutic strategies due to their widely reported antifungal potential. However, regarding fungal infections of the respiratory tract, information is disperse and no updated compilation on current knowledge is available. Therefore, the present review aims to gather and systematize relevant information on the antifungal effects of several essential oils and volatile compounds against the main type of respiratory mycosis that impact health care systems. Particular attention is paid to , the main pathogen involved in aspergillosis, , currently emerging as a major pathogen in certain parts of the world, and , one of the main pathogens involved in pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, the main mechanisms of action underlying essential oils' antifungal effects and current limitations in clinical translation are presented. Overall, essential oils rich in phenolic compounds seem to be very effective but clinical translation requires more comprehensive in vivo studies and human trials to assess the efficacy and tolerability of these compounds in respiratory mycosis.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Humans; Mycoses; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 35807386
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134140 -
Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica Jul 2022Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder characterized by partial obstruction of upper respiratory tract and repetitive cessation of breathing... (Review)
Review
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder characterized by partial obstruction of upper respiratory tract and repetitive cessation of breathing during sleep. The etiology behind OSA is associated with the occurrence of intermittent hypoxemia, recurrent arousals and intrathoracic pressure swings. These contributing factors may turn on various signaling mechanisms including elevated sympathetic tone, oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular variability, abnormal coagulation and metabolic defect ( ., insulin resistance, leptin resistance and altered hepatic metabolism). Given its close tie with major cardiovascular risk factors, OSA is commonly linked to the pathogenesis of a wide array of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, stroke, cerebrovascular disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The current standard treatment for OSA using adequate nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) confers a significant reduction in cardiovascular morbidity. Nonetheless, despite the availability of effective therapy, patients with CVDs are still deemed highly vulnerable to OSA and related adverse clinical outcomes. A better understanding of the etiology of OSA along with early diagnosis should be essential for this undertreated disorder in the clinical setting.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Leptin; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Risk Factors; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 35838200
DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022084 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing pauses during sleep. The apnea-hypopnea index is a measure used to assess the... (Review)
Review
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing pauses during sleep. The apnea-hypopnea index is a measure used to assess the severity of sleep apnea and the hourly rate of respiratory events. Despite numerous commercial devices available for apnea diagnosis and early detection, accessibility remains challenging for the general population, leading to lengthy wait times in sleep clinics. Consequently, research on monitoring and predicting OSA has surged. This comprehensive paper reviews devices, emphasizing distinctions among representative apnea devices and technologies for home detection of OSA. The collected articles are analyzed to present a clear discussion. Each article is evaluated according to diagnostic elements, the implemented automation level, and the derived level of evidence and quality rating. The findings indicate that the critical variables for monitoring sleep behavior include oxygen saturation (oximetry), body position, respiratory effort, and respiratory flow. Also, the prevalent trend is the development of level IV devices, measuring one or two signals and supported by prediction software. Noteworthy methods showcasing optimal results involve neural networks, deep learning, and regression modeling, achieving an accuracy of approximately 99%.
Topics: Humans; Polysomnography; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Oximetry
PubMed: 38067885
DOI: 10.3390/s23239512 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Eosinophils play a key role in airway inflammation in many diseases, such as allergic and non-allergic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic... (Review)
Review
Eosinophils play a key role in airway inflammation in many diseases, such as allergic and non-allergic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In these chronic disabling conditions, eosinophils contribute to tissue damage, repair, remodeling, and disease persistence through the production a variety of mediators. With the introduction of biological drugs for the treatment of these respiratory diseases, the classification of patients based on clinical characteristics (phenotype) and pathobiological mechanisms (endotype) has become mandatory. This need is particularly evident in severe asthma, where, despite the great scientific efforts to understand the immunological pathways underlying clinical phenotypes, the identification of specific biomarkers defining endotypes or predicting pharmacological response remains unsatisfied. In addition, a significant heterogeneity also exists among patients with other airway diseases. In this review, we describe some of the immunological differences in eosinophilic airway inflammation associated with severe asthma and other airway diseases and how these factors might influence the clinical presentation, with the aim of clarifying when eosinophils play a key pathogenic role and, therefore, represent the preferred therapeutic target.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Hypersensitivity; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Eosinophils; Respiration Disorders; Inflammation; Chronic Disease; Eosinophilia; Rhinitis
PubMed: 37108417
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087254