-
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2019Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea comprise a large and varied spectrum of conditions. These tumors are grouped into two major categories of congenital and acquired... (Review)
Review
Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea comprise a large and varied spectrum of conditions. These tumors are grouped into two major categories of congenital and acquired lesions. The acquired lesions are further subdivided based on origin of the mass into surface epithelial, melanocytic, vascular, fibrous, neural, histiocytic, myxoid, myogenic, lipomatous, lymphoid, leukemic, metastatic and secondary tumors. Melanocytic lesions include nevus, racial melanosis, primary acquired melanosis, melanoma, and other ocular surface conditions like ocular melanocytosis and secondary pigmentary deposition. The most frequent nonmelanocytic neoplastic lesions include squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoma, both of which have typical features appreciated on clinical examination. The caruncle displays a slightly different array of tumors compared to those elsewhere on the conjunctiva, as nevus and papilloma are most common, but oncocytoma and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma can be found. In this report, we provide clinical description and illustration of the many conjunctival and corneal tumors and we discuss tumor management.
Topics: Conjunctival Neoplasms; Corneal Diseases; Eye Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 31755426
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2040_19 -
Autopsy & Case Reports 2022Breast sebaceous carcinoma is one of the rarest breast neoplasms, with less than 30 cases reported worldwide. Due to the rarity, the new WHO classification of breast...
Breast sebaceous carcinoma is one of the rarest breast neoplasms, with less than 30 cases reported worldwide. Due to the rarity, the new WHO classification of breast tumors grouped these tumors among the ductal carcinoma. A detailed description of these cases is relevant due to the insufficient knowledge about the prognosis of this neoplasm. We report the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast in an 81-year-old woman with a right breast nodule. The tumor was composed of nests of a varying mixture of sebaceous cells with abundant slightly vacuolated cytoplasm, surrounded by smaller oval-to-fusiform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm without vacuolization. No lymph node metastases were present. The immunohistochemical reactions were positive for GATA3, EMA, CD15, and GCDFP15 (focal staining), and negative for RE, RP, and HER-2. The tumor was classified as triple-negative. Morphologically, the differential diagnoses included skin sebaceous carcinoma, lipid-rich carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, and glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma. Most of the previously reported cases were positive for RE and RP, which generally was associated with a better prognosis. However, some cases presented a more aggressive behavior with distant and lymph node metastases.
PubMed: 35496738
DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.365 -
Eye (London, England) Apr 2023Caruncle malignancy is rare, but signs of disease can be easily missed by both patients and clinicians. There is significant potential for significant morbidity and even... (Review)
Review
Caruncle malignancy is rare, but signs of disease can be easily missed by both patients and clinicians. There is significant potential for significant morbidity and even mortality from delayed diagnosis and treatment. Clinical features of primary malignant cancer include rapid growth, pigment deposition, ulcerated surface and bleeding. Malignant diagnoses include lymphoproliferative disease, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Increased pigmentation is associated with melanoma, yellow coloured deposition with sebaceous carcinoma and a salmon-pink hue with lymphoproliferative disease. Treatment involves excision with margin control which may necessitate exenteration. Metastases to cervical and preauricular lymph nodes has been reported.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Melanoma; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 35729271
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02124-0 -
Eye (London, England) Sep 2020To evaluate the incidence and management of recurrent periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma at a tertiary ocular oncology service in the United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence and management of recurrent periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma at a tertiary ocular oncology service in the United Kingdom.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of 62 patients with sebaceous gland carcinoma treated between 2004 and 2017. A total of 10 eyes were treated for local recurrence. The following variables were recorded: age and sex of patient; tumour location, histological subtype; recurrence type; treatment and outcome.
RESULTS
Of the 62 cases with eyelid SGC, 10 (16%) had recurrences during the study period and satisfied inclusion criteria. There were six (60%) females and four males in the recurrent group. The mean time interval between initial excision and tumour recurrence was 37 months (median 23 months; range 4 to 84 months). Four patients received cryotherapy to the lids and conjunctiva to control recurrent disease and two patients were treated with topical or intralesional chemotherapy. Four patients (40%) underwent orbital exenteration during the study period. Metastasis occurred in 20% over a mean follow-up of 113 months (median 106; range 47-184 months).
CONCLUSIONS
The risk factors for local recurrence of SGC after wide excision with paraffin section control were reported, and an approach to these recurrent lesions was proposed. The results of this study will help guide surgeons dealing with the medical and surgical conundrum of recurrent disease. The risk of recurrence is highest in the first 2 years after initial excision.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Eyelid Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Sebaceous Glands; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31896805
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0756-9 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2022Sebaceous carcinoma and sweat gland carcinoma (malignant tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation) are rare malignant skin adnexal tumors that differentiate...
Sebaceous carcinoma and sweat gland carcinoma (malignant tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation) are rare malignant skin adnexal tumors that differentiate toward sebaceous gland and eccrine and apocrine glands, respectively. Owing to the rarity of these carcinomas, standard treatments for advanced disease have not been established. Because the prognosis of patients with systemic metastasis is poor, a new treatment for these diseases is eagerly desired. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) and sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate of TROP2, have attracted attention in the treatment of various solid tumors. In the current study, we immunohistochemically investigated TROP2 expression in 14 sebaceous carcinoma and 18 sweat gland carcinoma samples and found strong and relatively homogeneous TROP2 staining in both cancer types. The mean Histoscore, a semi-quantitative scoring ranging from 0 (negative) to 300, was 265.5 in sebaceous carcinoma and 260.0 in sweat gland carcinoma. These observations directly suggest that both sebaceous carcinoma and sweat gland carcinoma could be potentially treated with TROP2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates such as sacituzumab govitecan.
PubMed: 35160059
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030607 -
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII Jul 2021Traditional systemic treatments for unresectable, recurrent, and/or advanced sebaceous carcinoma (SC) are ineffective. Tumoral immune microenvironment characterization...
BACKGROUND
Traditional systemic treatments for unresectable, recurrent, and/or advanced sebaceous carcinoma (SC) are ineffective. Tumoral immune microenvironment characterization is essential for considering immune checkpoint inhibitors as a treatment option.
METHODS
A total of 173 resected SCs were reviewed. Clinical information, lesion size, and location were collected. Microscopic examination documented histopathologic features and expression of immunohistochemical markers PD-L1 and CD8. PD-L1 percentage was assessed amongst tumor (PD-L1 + Tu) and immune infiltrating cells (PD-L1 + Inf). Each case was attributed a combined positive score (CPS) following Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma recommendations. PD-L1 expression was evaluated according to clinicopathologic parameters. Human Papilloma Virus presence (HPV) was analyzed using PCR microarray scanning.
RESULTS
A therapeutically relevant CPS was seen in 51.4% of cases. Higher PD-L1 + Tu, PD-L1 + Inf, and CPSs were positively associated with greater lesion size and an extraocular location. No association was seen with patient age or gender. 9.2% of SCs showed PD-L1 + Tu ≥ 1, while 52.0% showed PD-L1 + Inf ≥ 1. A higher CD8 + T-lymphocyte density was significantly associated with a higher CPS, PD-L1 + Tu, and PD-L1 + Inf. Tumor-associated T-cell infiltrate's density was higher along tumor periphery. HPV-16, HPV-43, HPV-52, and HPV-66 were detected in 8.4% of SCs. There was no significant association between HPV status, PD-L1 expression, and CPS. A significant number of SCs express PD-L1 at therapeutic levels. Nevertheless, PD-L1 expression shows a higher intertumoral heterogeneity, in extraocular than in biologically distinct periocular cases.
CONCLUSION
Our data support the need for large-scale prospective studies evaluating anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy mainly in extraocular SC treatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Young Adult
PubMed: 33398391
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02821-3 -
Cureus Dec 2022A 56-year-old male with a past medical history of arachnoid cysts and with two previous brain operations and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt presented with a large left...
A 56-year-old male with a past medical history of arachnoid cysts and with two previous brain operations and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt presented with a large left lower quadrant (LLQ) abdominal mass for one year, growing rapidly for the past three months. He endorsed pus and blood leaking from ulceration on the lateral underside of the mass, and a section of the mass ruptured with blood and pus draining out on the day of admission. He denied any fevers, chills, pain, or numbness in the mass or any history of similar masses. Of note, the patient has an extensive familial history of cancer including colorectal cancer in his mother in her 30s. Computed tomography and biopsy of mass were concerning for malignancy, reporting a neoplasm in the dermis that grows in round and irregular lobules of cells along with the majority of the cells having oval nuclei with areas of sebaceous differentiation. Pathology showed sebaceous carcinoma with concern for Muir-Torre syndrome. The patient was discharged and instructed to follow up with oncology and gastroenterology.
PubMed: 36733789
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33103