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ACG Case Reports Journal May 2023A sebaceous carcinoma is rarely seen in extracutaneous sites. We present a 75-year-old man who was admitted with epigastralgia and melena. Endoscopic examination...
A sebaceous carcinoma is rarely seen in extracutaneous sites. We present a 75-year-old man who was admitted with epigastralgia and melena. Endoscopic examination revealed an ulcer on the posterior wall of the gastric antrum, and distal gastrectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed thin to thick trabeculae of polygonal cells with scattered foci of foamy cells, whereas Sudan 3 staining showed lipid vacuoles. Immunohistochemistry was positive for both p40 and SALL4. After considering these findings, we suggest sebaceous differentiation as the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of gastric carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation.
PubMed: 37235001
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001061 -
GLUT1 Expression in Cutaneous Sebaceous Lesions Determined by Immunohistochemical Staining Patterns.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021GLUT1 is a membrane associated carrier protein that functions in the physiologic transport of glucose across cell membranes. Multiple studies have shown an increased...
GLUT1 is a membrane associated carrier protein that functions in the physiologic transport of glucose across cell membranes. Multiple studies have shown an increased GLUT1 expression in various tumor types and a role in cancer prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether cutaneous sebaceous lesions have a differential expression of GLUT1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). GLUT1 IHC was performed on excision specimens of ten cases of sebaceous carcinoma, nine of sebaceoma, ten of sebaceous adenoma, and ten of sebaceous hyperplasia. Intense, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in sebaceous carcinoma. The pattern of GLUT1 staining in sebaceomas and sebaceous adenomas consisted of a gradient of intense cytoplasmic staining in the basaloid cells with a decreased intensity to membranous staining only and absent staining in mature sebaceous cells. In lesions of sebaceous hyperplasia, GLUT1 staining outlined the basal layer of each gland; cytoplasmic staining was minimal to absent. Increased cytoplasmic staining of GLUT1 may correlate with cellular metabolic and proliferative activity. GLUT1 has potential utility in differentiating sebaceous lesions.
PubMed: 34287324
DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030031 -
BMC Ophthalmology Mar 2020The purpose was to describe the Nordic treatment practices and to reach a Nordic consensus for the treatment of sebaceous eyelid carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
The purpose was to describe the Nordic treatment practices and to reach a Nordic consensus for the treatment of sebaceous eyelid carcinoma.
METHODS
The treatment practices data was collected by a questionnaire with 37 questions to the Nordic oculoplastic surgeons and analyzed. A PubMed MEDLINE database search was done to gather data on the published treatment practices and recommendations. A working group that consisted of in minimum one senior consultant from each leading Nordic University Eye Hospital was assigned. A structured interactive method was used to establish the consensus.
RESULTS
Twenty-four doctors responded to the questionnaire. 23/24 (96%) of the respondents took a biopsy before surgery. Regional lymph node scanning was routinely done by 14/23 (61%) and a systemic screening of a metastatic disease by 13/23 (57%). 6/22 (27%) never took conjunctival mapping biopsies and 12/23 (52%) never screened for Muir- Torre. Respondents used Mohs surgery, frozen section or multi-stage excision with delayed closure, and 5-6 mm was the mostly preferred margin. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was a possible option for 9/22 (41%) and cryotherapy and Mitomycin C for 6/22 (27%) respondents. 50% of respondents considered radiation as a treatment option. 15/16 (94%) respondents always followed-up their patients, most for 5 years. Two thirds scanned regional lymph nodes during the follow-up. Consensus was reached for 18 statements representing three domains: preoperative work-up, treatment and follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Treatment practices differ in between the five Nordic countries which have similar public health care systems. In the article the authors present a Nordic consensus for the treatment of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Adult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Consensus; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32178641
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01367-3 -
Science Progress 2023Warthin tumor (WT)-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma resembles the histologic pattern of WT and pathologists unaware of this possibility may misdiagnose it as WT with... (Review)
Review
Warthin tumor (WT)-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma resembles the histologic pattern of WT and pathologists unaware of this possibility may misdiagnose it as WT with squamous and mucous epithelium metaplasia or WT malignant transfer into mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The present study reported a case of a 41-year-old Chinese female with a solitary mass in the left parotid gland. In this case, microscopic observation revealed prominent lymph node stroma and multiple cystic structures similar to those seen in WT. However, it lacked the two layers of oncocytic epithelial tissue characteristic of WT. Furthermore, fluorescence hybridization detected MAML2 rearrangement in the case. Considering the histological findings, this case was diagnosed as WT-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The present case report provides pathological and clinical features to differentiate it from WT malignant transition into mucoepidermoid carcinoma, WT with squamous and mucous epithelium metaplasia and non-sebaceous lymphadenoma-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In conclusion, WT-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma as a special subtype of mucoepidermoid carcinoma has special histological characteristics, which required further observations and more case reports to clearly define this variant.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Parotid Gland; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Adenolymphoma; Metaplasia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
PubMed: 37335119
DOI: 10.1177/00368504231179816 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Aug 2022Sebaceous adenocarcinoma (SAC) mostly occurs in the elderly, and SAC in young and middle-aged population is inadequately investigated.
BACKGROUND
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma (SAC) mostly occurs in the elderly, and SAC in young and middle-aged population is inadequately investigated.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the clinical features and prognosis of young and middle-aged adults with SAC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with skin SAC between ages 18 and 59 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975-2016) were eligible for this study.
RESULTS
Seven hundred thirty-nine cases were identified. The proportion of extraocular SAC in the nonelderly increased from 1975-2005 to 2006-2016 ( p = .001), male predominance was observed in overall patients whereas female predominance in Asian population, and young patients had more head and neck SAC than middle-aged patients ( p = .014). The prognosis of young patients was better than middle-aged patients ( p = .004). Other independent prognostic factors included sex, marital status, tumor size, surgery, chemotherapy, and multiple primary cancer history.
CONCLUSION
An increasing proportion of extraocular SAC was observed in young and middle-aged patients, and the young developed more head and neck SAC than the middle-aged. Female predominance was found in Asian population, and female patients had better prognosis. Younger age and married status indicated better prognosis, and around 20% of young and middle-aged patients might have poorer survival because of Muir-Torre syndrome.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muir-Torre Syndrome; Prognosis; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 35917259
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003506 -
Translational Vision Science &... Feb 2023To identify the molecular background of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinomas (SCs), we conducted the integrated whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing for...
PURPOSE
To identify the molecular background of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinomas (SCs), we conducted the integrated whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing for eyelid SCs in this study.
METHODS
The genetic alterations were studied by whole-exome sequencing, and the messenger RNA expression was studied using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) in five paired fresh eyelid SC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Integrated analysis of exome and transcriptomic information was conducted for filtering candidate driver genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of filtered candidate genes was analyzed by STRING. The protein expression was verified by immunohistochemistry in 29 eyelid SCs and 17 compared normal sebaceous gland tissues.
RESULTS
The average numbers of pathogenic somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels in eyelid SCs were 75 and 28, respectively. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750), filaggrin 2 (FLG2), valosin-containing protein (VCP), and zinc finger protein 717 (ZNF717) were recurrent mutated genes. A mean of 844 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 1401 DEGs were downregulated in SC samples. The intersection of DEG-based pathways and mutation-based pathways was mainly involved in microbial infection and inflammation, immunodeficiency, cancer, lipid metabolism, and the other pathways. The intersection of DEGs and mutated genes consisted of 55 genes, of which 15 genes formed a PPI network with 4 clusters. The PPI cluster composed of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A) was involved in cholesterol metabolism. The expression of SCARB1 protein was found to be increased, whereas that of PPARG protein was decreased in eyelid SCs compared to that in the normal sebaceous glands.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased SCARB1 and decreased PPARG indicated that dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism might be involved in carcinogenesis of eyelid SCs.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
The malfunction in cholesterol metabolism might advance our knowledge of the carcinogenesis of eyelid SCs.
Topics: Humans; Transcriptome; Exome; Sebaceous Glands; PPAR gamma; Exome Sequencing; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Carcinogenesis; Lipid Metabolism; Carcinoma; Cholesterol; Transcription Factors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
PubMed: 36735267
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.2.4 -
Oncology Letters Dec 2021MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play an important role in various types of carcinoma, including sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) of the eyelid. miR-3907 was found to be highly...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play an important role in various types of carcinoma, including sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) of the eyelid. miR-3907 was found to be highly expressed in lung cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the biological role of miR-3907 in SGC has not previously been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the role and mechanism of miR-3907 in the occurrence and development of SGC. miR-3907 was screened and identified as a novel upregulated miRNA in SGC tissues and cells, as determined using miRNA microarrays and reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR analyses. Compared with the control group, cellular proliferation and migration were enhanced in the miR-3907 mimics group, and decreased in the miR-3907 inhibitor group. Moreover, miR-3907 negatively regulated thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression, as shown by bioinformatics prediction, RT-qPCR, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays. In addition, compared with the control group, the small interfering (si) siRNA-THBS1 group exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration abilities, which were decreased in the THBS1 overexpression group. Furthermore, THBS1 overexpression was found to attenuate the stimulative effect of miR-3907 mimics, and THBS1-knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of the miR-3907 inhibitor in SGC cells. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that miR-3907 promoted the proliferation and migration of SGC by downregulating THBS1, and that this axis may be a potential target for the prognostic assessment and treatment of SGC.
PubMed: 34691259
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13094 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Dec 2020Eyelid carcinoma is rare tumors of the head and neck. They are rarely lethal but can be associated with significant morbidity if not treated early and appropriately....
CONTEXT
Eyelid carcinoma is rare tumors of the head and neck. They are rarely lethal but can be associated with significant morbidity if not treated early and appropriately. There are limited data available from world over and in particular the Indian subcontinent regarding eyelid carcinoma and its prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes. Setting and Design:Retrospective study of patients treated in a tertiary cancer center between 2005 and 2016.
METHODOLOGY
In this study, 51 patients with eyelid carcinoma treated at single tertiary cancer center were included. The demographic, clinical data, which includes the treatment received, histopathology report and follow-up, were recorded. All the relevant variables influencing disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed.
RESULTS
Sebaceous carcinoma was the most common eyelid carcinoma followed by squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in descending order in this series. Lower eyelid was involved most often. The incidence of nodal metastasis was low (14%). Multivariate analysis revealed that margin status influenced the DFS (P= 0.001) (hazard ratios = 15.9 [95% confidence interval: 1.8-135.2]). The 5 years' DFS was 70%.
CONCLUSION
Eyelid tumors are less common cancer with good prognosis if treated appropriately. The morbidity associated with treatment can be reduced if treated early.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cancer Care Facilities; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease-Free Survival; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 33380651
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_559_18 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Apr 2023The accurate diagnosis of skin adnexal neoplasms is sometimes challenging but is necessary because medical management and follow-up may differ between tumors. GATA6...
The accurate diagnosis of skin adnexal neoplasms is sometimes challenging but is necessary because medical management and follow-up may differ between tumors. GATA6 transcription factor has been identified as a new marker of the upper folliculosebaceous compartment (lower infundibulum, junctional zone and isthmus, and upper sebaceous gland) in the human skin. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of GATA6 immunostaining to diagnose sebaceous tumors compared with that to diagnose other adnexal and nonadnexal cutaneous neoplasms. We conducted a retrospective, evaluator-nonblinded study comparing the reference standard (diagnosis by an expert dermatopathologist) with GATA6 immunostaining to identify sebaceous tumors in a cohort containing 234 different tumors. The GATA6 expression score was significatively higher in sebaceous than that in nonsebaceous tumors. In addition, tumors originating from the upper hair follicle showed positive results for GATA6 staining; however, they showed lower GATA6 expression scores. Detection of sebaceous tumors using GATA6 positivity had a sensitivity of 95.7% (95% CI, 85.8-99.2), specificity of 80.8% (95% CI, 74.5-85.8), positive predictive value of 55.6% (95% CI, 44.7-65.9), and negative predictive value of 98.7% (95% CI, 95.4-99.8). GATA6 showed similar sensitivity to adipophilin, the reference marker; however, the specificity of GATA6 was higher, as observed in a cohort of 106 tumors enriched in squamous cell carcinomas with clear-cell histology. In addition, GATA6 positivity was assessed in 39 sebaceous carcinomas and compared with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CK7, and androgen receptor (AR) staining results. Although CK7 staining displayed lower diagnostic performances, GATA6 staining showed comparable results as EMA and AR. Finally, we found GATA6 expression in skin metastases of gastrointestinal origin, whereas GATA6 was absent in metastases originating from breast or lung cancers. Overall, our work identified GATA6 immunostaining as a new diagnostic tool for sebaceous tumors.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sebaceous Glands; GATA6 Transcription Factor
PubMed: 36788082
DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100101 -
BMC Ophthalmology Sep 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and detection rates greatly varied across...
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and detection rates greatly varied across studies. This study aimed to investigate the presence of HPV in eyelid SGC and SCC among Koreans and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.
METHODS
Surgically resected eyelid samples diagnosed as SGC or SCC from January 1999 to June 2011 were identified from the pathology database of three referral centres in Korea. Clinicopathological information including origin (skin vs. tarsal conjunctiva) and treatment outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16, HPV DNA in situ hybridisation (ISH), and polymerase chain reaction-based DNA microarray were performed in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
RESULTS
Our cohort included 34 SGC and 12 SCC cases with Asian ethnicity. HPV was detected in 4 SGC and 6 SCC by DNA microarray, while 2 SCC (16.7%) showed positivity in ISH. SCC of tarsal conjunctival origin was significantly more common in HPV-positive SCC than in HPV-negative SCC (5 of 6 vs. 0 of 6, P = 0.015, Fisher's exact test). Among samples showing positive staining in p16 IHC, HPV positivity rates were 0.0% (0/19) in SGC and 100% (3/3) in SCC. There was no significant difference in overall and local recurrence rate in eyelid SGC and SCC according to the HPV status (P > 0.99).
CONCLUSIONS
HPV was found in a subset of eyelid SGC and SCC among Koreans and might be aetiologically related to SCC of tarsal conjunctival origin. Overexpression of p16 is considered to be inappropriate as an indicator of HPV infection in eyelid SGC. Further investigation is required to elucidate the transmission route and pathogenic roles of HPV.
Topics: Humans; Eyelid Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; East Asian People; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 37752463
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03131-9