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Global Health Action Dec 2022Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary form of diabetes induced by pregnancy and is potentially harmful to both the mother and fetus The impact of GDM... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary form of diabetes induced by pregnancy and is potentially harmful to both the mother and fetus The impact of GDM diagnosis on pregnant women needs to be taken into account. This is related to the capacity for self-management of GDM, for which quality evidence is still lacking.
OBJECTIVE
to identify several aspects of self-management and self- efficacy for women with GDM.
METHOD
Electronic databases were searched for studies related to the self-management, self-efficacy, and glycemic control of women with GDM, from January 2012 to January 2021. The extraction of study features was based on study location, reported research aims, study design, methodology, and the analytical approach, using Endnote Version X7.7.1. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Checklist (CASP) was used to assess quality, as recommended by the Cochrane Qualitative Research Methods Group.
RESULTS
Ten out of 70 studies were identified as meeting the established criteria and including a diverse population. The synthesis revealed seven major themes: preliminary psychological impact, communicating the diagnosis, knowledge of GDM, self-efficacy and self-management of GDM, risk perception, the burden of GDM, and gaining control. The benefits of a diagnosis were behavioral and were mostly crystalized if a particular level of self-management and self-efficacy was reached and women were able to have specific control over their diet and body weight. On the other hand, women reported that the diagnosis increased their responsibility, as they had to take extra precautions regarding their dietary regimen.
CONCLUSION
Self-management and self-efficacy for GDM management are possible, despite the psychological hurdles that most women confront. There is still potential for improvement in terms of developing a healthy lifestyle that not only manages GDM for the best pregnancy result, but also prevents diabetes after pregnancy.
Topics: Diabetes, Gestational; Diet; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Self Efficacy; Self-Management
PubMed: 35867537
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2087298 -
Nursing Open Jan 2020To examine barriers to self-efficacy and strategies beyond traditional education that promote self-efficacy for patients living with chronic disease. The review... (Review)
Review
AIM
To examine barriers to self-efficacy and strategies beyond traditional education that promote self-efficacy for patients living with chronic disease. The review questions were as follows: (a) What are barriers to self-efficacy in patients experiencing chronic disease? and (b) What non-traditional strategies and programmes can be implemented by healthcare leaders to promote self-efficacy in patients with chronic disease?
DESIGN
Integrative review.
METHOD
Data sources searched were CINAHL, Google Scholar, Health Source, Academic Search Complete and PsycARTICLES published between January 2014-January 2018. Synthesis and thematic analyses were conducted on 24 articles.
RESULTS
Three themes were identified as barriers to self-efficacy: health literacy, access and support. Four prominent strategies were found to promote self-efficacy: self-management programmes, telehealth, mobile applications, gaming and social media. The findings indicate self-efficacy for patients with chronic conditions can improve with new interventions. Enhancing traditional education and boosting self-efficacy could increase treatment adherence and decrease cost.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Mobile Applications; Self Efficacy; Self-Management; Telemedicine
PubMed: 31871689
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.382 -
The American Psychologist Jan 2022Debates about the benefits of self-esteem have persisted for decades, both in the scientific literature and in the popular press. Although many researchers and lay... (Review)
Review
Debates about the benefits of self-esteem have persisted for decades, both in the scientific literature and in the popular press. Although many researchers and lay people have argued that high self-esteem helps individuals adapt to and succeed in a variety of life domains, there is widespread skepticism about this claim. The present article takes a new look at the voluminous body of research (including several meta-analyses) examining the consequences of self-esteem for several important life domains: relationships, school, work, mental health, physical health, and antisocial behavior. Overall, the findings suggest that self-esteem is beneficial in all these domains, and that these benefits hold across age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and controlling for prior levels of the predicted outcomes and potential third variable confounds. The meta-analytic estimates of self-esteem effects (which average .10 across domains) are comparable in size to estimates for other hypothesized causal factors such as self-efficacy, positive emotionality, attachment security, and growth mindset, and larger than some generally accepted pharmaceutical interventions. Discussion focuses on several issues that are critical for evaluating the findings, including the strength of the evidence for making causal inferences, the magnitude of the effects, the importance of distinguishing between self-esteem and narcissism, and the generalizability of the results. In summary, the present findings support theoretical conceptions of self-esteem as an adaptive trait that has wide-ranging influences on healthy adjustment and adaptation, and suggest that interventions aimed at boosting self-esteem might, if properly designed and implemented, benefit individuals and society as a whole. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Health Status; Humans; Mental Health; Narcissism; Self Concept; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35357851
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000922 -
The Journal of Nursing Research : JNR Feb 2021
Topics: Chronic Disease; Disease Management; Humans; Quality of Life; Self Care; Self Efficacy; Self-Management
PubMed: 33427791
DOI: 10.1097/JNR.0000000000000422 -
The Science of Diabetes Self-management... Oct 2021The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between visual impairment and diabetes management self-efficacy.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between visual impairment and diabetes management self-efficacy.
METHODS
The present study utilized pooled cross-sectional data (2008-2018) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component and Diabetes Care Survey. Binary and generalized ordinal logit regression models were used to compare diabetes management self-efficacy between patients with and without visual impairments.
RESULTS
Compared to their non-visually impaired counterparts, visually impaired persons had a lower odds of reporting high diabetes management self-efficacy. Similarly, visually impaired adults with diabetes have a significantly lower odds of being very confident in their ability to manage their conditions compared with adults who reported being not confident, somewhat confident, or confident. Several control factors, including self-behaviors and receipt of diabetes self-management education (DSME), were also associated with diabetes management self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Visually impaired persons experience significant disparities in diabetes management self-efficacy. Given the relationship between self-efficacy and diabetes-related outcomes, it is crucial that DSME be tailored to effectively meet the individual needs of this population. Future research should explore the relationship between DSME and self-care behaviors, self-efficacy, and diabetes-related outcomes in visually impaired persons.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Self Care; Self Efficacy; Vision, Low
PubMed: 34384299
DOI: 10.1177/26350106211033811 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2022This article focuses upon the social psychological aspects of identity development among gay men. Key stage-based models of, and contemporary empirical research into,... (Review)
Review
This article focuses upon the social psychological aspects of identity development among gay men. Key stage-based models of, and contemporary empirical research into, gay identity development are outlined. Three levels of sexual identity development are examined: the psychological, the interpersonal and the collective. It is argued that, in order to develop an effective theory of gay identity development, empirical research should focus upon these levels of analysis, acknowledging that there is a dynamic interplay between them; the multiplicity of identity itself (consisting of sometimes competing elements); and the motives that underpin the construction, management and protection of identity (principally self-esteem, self-efficacy, continuity, positive distinctiveness and belongingness). Identity process theory is proposed as a useful theoretical framework for doing so.
Topics: Male; Humans; Self Concept; Gender Identity; Self Efficacy; Motivation; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 36215907
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101469 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Clinicians find it challenging to engage with patients who engage in self-harm. Improving the self-efficacy of professionals who treat self-harm patients may be an...
Clinicians find it challenging to engage with patients who engage in self-harm. Improving the self-efficacy of professionals who treat self-harm patients may be an important step toward accomplishing better treatment of self-harm. However, there is no instrument available that assesses the self-efficacy of clinicians dealing with self-harm. The aim of this study is to describe the development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Dealing with Self-Harm Questionnaire (SEDSHQ). This study tests the questionnaire's feasibility, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity, construct validity (factor analysis and convergent validity) and sensitivity to change. The Self-Efficacy in Dealing with Self-Harm Questionnaire is a 27-item instrument which has a 3-factor structure, as found in confirmatory factor analysis. Testing revealed high content validity, significant correlation with a subscale of the Attitude Towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire (ADSHQ), satisfactory test-retest correlation and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Additionally, the questionnaire was able to measure significant changes after an intervention took place, indicating sensitivity to change. We conclude that the present study indicates that the Self-Efficacy in Dealing with Self-Harm Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of self-efficacy in response to self-harm.
Topics: Humans; Self Efficacy; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Self-Injurious Behavior; Psychometrics
PubMed: 36613114
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010788 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Mar 2021Adults are thought to show a sleep-stress spiral in which greater stress worsens sleep quality, which amplifies stress, which leads to worse sleep. This study examined...
Adults are thought to show a sleep-stress spiral in which greater stress worsens sleep quality, which amplifies stress, which leads to worse sleep. This study examined whether adolescents show a similar spiral, and if so, whether coping self-efficacy-believing one can cope with stress-interrupts the spiral. Temporal dynamics of perceived stress, sleep quality, and coping self-efficacy were tracked in 381 9th graders (49% female, mean age 14.43, age range 14-16) using daily surveys across two school weeks (3184 observations). Though expected associations were evident between individuals, only a unidirectional path was found within individuals from sleep quality to perceived stress via coping self-efficacy. This challenges the conventional bidirectional understanding of sleep-stress relations and suggests coping self-efficacy as an intervention target.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mental Disorders; Self Efficacy; Sleep; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33141378
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01337-4 -
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning Apr 2022Pharmacy student proficiency in direct patient interactions is an integral component of the doctor of pharmacy curriculum. Service-learning experiences offer pharmacy... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pharmacy student proficiency in direct patient interactions is an integral component of the doctor of pharmacy curriculum. Service-learning experiences offer pharmacy students valuable opportunities to develop self-efficacy and empathy while serving communities with unmet needs. The objective of this review is to evaluate the impact of service-learning experiences on the self-efficacy and empathy of pharmacy and other health professions students.
METHODS
A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, ERIC, and CINAHL databases. Articles were included if they described the relationship between any health professions student service-learning experience and changes in self-efficacy and empathy. Articles were excluded if they involved simulation experiences, standardized patients, or international experiences.
RESULTS
A total of 11 relevant articles were identified, seven examined changes in student self-efficacy and six assessed student empathy. Articles included students representing seven health professions, with one eligible article in pharmacy. All articles investigating self-efficacy reported a positive impact of service learning on student confidence. Most articles focusing on empathy found that service learning had a positive impact on student empathy, and only one article noted a negative trend. Students with limited prior direct patient care experience had the greatest improvement in clinical confidence and empathy.
IMPLICATIONS
This review adds a new perspective to the literature by evaluating evidence-based service-learning models in pharmacy education. Offering additional structured service-learning opportunities for pharmacy students fosters self-efficacy and empathy while supporting communities with unmet needs. Future studies evaluating innovative service-learning models and methods of continuous assessment within the pharmacy curriculum are warranted.
Topics: Education, Pharmacy; Empathy; Humans; Learning; Self Efficacy; Students, Pharmacy
PubMed: 35483822
DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.03.002 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Apr 2023Literature on anti-bullying programs shows a growing consensus about promoting victims and bystanders' self-efficacy against bullying, but provides no theoretical model...
Literature on anti-bullying programs shows a growing consensus about promoting victims and bystanders' self-efficacy against bullying, but provides no theoretical model nor measurement scale to assess the extent of achieving this aim. The current research aims to address these theoretical and empirical gaps by proposing the Dublin Anti-Bullying Self-Efficacy Models and Scales, using a convenience sample of 14-year-old students in Ireland ( = 1,100). After establishing both content and face validity, four separate scales were tested to measure anti-bullying self-efficacy beliefs among offline victims (20-item), online victims (20-item), offline bystanders (20-item), and online bystanders (20-item). Thereafter, four separate exploratory factor analyses of the scale items were followed by reflective measurement analyses of their internal consistency and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity. Results indicated sufficient psychometric properties of each scale measuring five dimensions of anti-bullying self-efficacy: recognition, emergency comprehension, responsibility, knowledge, and intervention. Further research is needed to test the proposed model and scale for assessing effectiveness of an anti-bullying program in promoting self-efficacy beliefs.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Self Efficacy; Crime Victims; Bullying; Social Behavior; Students
PubMed: 36181318
DOI: 10.1177/08862605221127193