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Australasian Journal on Ageing Sep 2022In recent years, the concept of general self-efficacy has increased in popularity. General self-efficacy is positively associated with quality of life and has the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
In recent years, the concept of general self-efficacy has increased in popularity. General self-efficacy is positively associated with quality of life and has the potential to act as a psychological buffer against adverse events and circumstances. However, due to the long-term influences that are said to shape general self-efficacy beliefs, they may be resistant to intervention, particularly within the older population. This restricted review aimed to explore whether psychosocial interventions could improve the general self-efficacy of older adults. Aspects of intervention design associated with improvements were also investigated.
METHODS
A restricted review was undertaken. This included a keyword search of four major health databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and AgeLine). Search terms focused on general self-efficacy and the commonly used measures of this concept and were limited to the older adult population.
RESULTS
In total, 848 articles were screened, with 20 studies proceeding to data extraction. The modification of general self-efficacy in older adults appears possible, with 7 out of the 20 included studies reporting improvements postintervention. Despite issues relating to the quality of included studies and the generalisability of their results, several aspects of intervention design coincided with intervention success, including intervention duration, and employing sufficiently-qualified staff.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research must address the generalisability issues identified in this review. Studies comparing the effectiveness of individual- and group-based interventions, the efficacy of remote delivery platforms and the possibility for long-term transfer of any improvements are needed to contribute the high-quality data required for policy and practice decisions in this area.
Topics: Aged; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Quality of Life; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35235249
DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13052 -
Nursing Open Oct 2023The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and synthesize evidence from experimental studies conducted to measure and conceptualize self-efficacy within... (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and synthesize evidence from experimental studies conducted to measure and conceptualize self-efficacy within the context of nursing education and the transition of nursing students to practice as a registered practitioners.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
Papers were screened by four independent reviewers, and data were extracted using a standardized data extraction tool. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance and checklists were used to guide this review.
RESULTS
The review included 47 studies, using a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design (n = 39) and randomized control trials (n = 8). Various teaching and learning interventions were used to enhance self-efficacy; however, there is no definitive conclusion to be drawn regarding the most effective educational interventions. Various instruments were used in the studies to measure self-efficacy. 10 of these were related to general self-efficacy, while 37 instruments measured self-efficacy in the context of specific skills.
Topics: Humans; Self Efficacy; Education, Nursing; Learning; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 37421389
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1931 -
Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... Dec 2023In psychology, alienation is a condition of being separated or marginalized from other individuals or some larger segment of society. Self-efficacy is an individual's...
In psychology, alienation is a condition of being separated or marginalized from other individuals or some larger segment of society. Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in ways necessary to reach specific goals. This study was conducted to investigate the possible connectivity between psychological alienation and feelings of self-efficiency among young male and female adults. The study was conducted in April 2023, among 167 young people, aged 18-25 (M=22.28 ± 1.7SD). For this purpose, we used the Scale for psychological alienation and General self-efficacy. Results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between alienation and self-efficacy, meaning that the higher psychological alienation is, the lower self-efficacy is (t=-0.627; <0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between young male and female adults regarding alienation (t=-5.592; <0.001) e. g. males are reporting to be more alienated than females. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between young male and female adults regarding feeling of self-efficacy (t=4.692; <0.001) e.g. males feel less effective than females and in the scale for measuring meaninglessness (t=-2.966; 0.003) e. g. males feel more meaninglessness than females. In conclusion, psychological alienation and self-efficacy are correlated and there are gender differences regarding the two measured variables, in favor of the females.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Emotions; Self Efficacy; Social Alienation
PubMed: 38109447
DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0050 -
Nursing Open Jun 2023To investigate the current status of self-efficacy and physical activity among Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and explore the relationship between them.
AIM
To investigate the current status of self-efficacy and physical activity among Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and explore the relationship between them.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This study was conducted on 282 CRC patients in China. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic and clinical information, self-efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale [ESES]) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form [IPAQ-SF]).
RESULTS
The median (interquartile range) total self-efficacy score for patients with CRC was 52.78 (42.08-61.11), and the median (interquartile range) total physical activity score was 1776.00 (1142.25-2812.05). Only 28.37% of CRC patients met the guideline recommendations for physical activity. The total self-efficacy score was significantly positively correlated with the total physical activity score (r = 0.123, p = 0.040).
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
CRC patients contributed to the data of this study. Hospital administrators facilitated the implementation of the study.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Self Efficacy; Exercise; Surveys and Questionnaires; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36611230
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1608 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2021To determine the perceptions of training, self-efficacy, and mentoring among veterinary clinical specialty trainees on the basis of their career interest.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the perceptions of training, self-efficacy, and mentoring among veterinary clinical specialty trainees on the basis of their career interest.
SAMPLE
207 veterinarians who were either in a residency training program or had recently (within 2 years) completed one in a specialty recognized by the American Board of Veterinary Specialties.
PROCEDURES
An online survey was used to collect data about the respondents' perceived preparedness for an academic career, training emphasis, and mentoring received during training and demographic information. Results were compiled and compared by professional career interest (ie, academic medicine or private practice) and gender.
RESULTS
Included respondents represented 20% (207/1,053) of those invited. Preferred career choice was academic medicine for 48% (93/194) of respondents and private clinical practice for 52% (101/194) and did not differ by gender. Respondents perceived their likelihood of success in an academic career as high, and these perceptions did not differ by gender or preferred career choice. Mean self-efficacy scores for teaching were high among all respondents for most but not all listed teaching skills and did not differ by gender or preferred career interest. Mean self-efficacy scores were low for formulating research hypotheses and designing studies. Perceptions of training emphasis indicated strong mentoring in the areas of clinical practice and teaching with less mentoring and training emphasis in multiple areas of research and academic activity.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Lower self-efficacy of veterinary clinical specialty trainees in aspects of academic career appeared to be related to training emphasis and mentoring. Enhancement of emphasis on the identified areas of weakness may improve the interest and success of trainees in an academic career.
Topics: Animals; Career Choice; Internship and Residency; Mentoring; Perception; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34388015
DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.5.528 -
Nursing Open Jan 2020Nurses are teachers to their patients and need to know best practices for diverse families living with dementia. Little is known about Hispanic beliefs around dementia...
AIM
Nurses are teachers to their patients and need to know best practices for diverse families living with dementia. Little is known about Hispanic beliefs around dementia knowledge and self-efficacy that may have an impact on the learning situation.
DESIGN
A pre-/postresearch design was used in this intervention study with a baseline assessment of dementia knowledge and caregiver self-efficacy and a reassessment at training completion.
METHODS
Investigation of education training with two caregiver groups caring for persons with dementia: Caucasian and Hispanic. Convenience sample consisted of 567 Caucasians and 104 Hispanic dementia caregivers. Groups received training in their primary language accompanied by a training book (Dealing with Dementia Guide) also in the primary language.
RESULTS
Dementia knowledge and caregiver self-efficacy increased in both groups with the Hispanic group demonstrating significantly greater increase in self-efficacy. The Caucasian group had a significantly greater increase in the dementia knowledge compared with the Hispanic group.
Topics: Caregivers; Dementia; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 31871701
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.376 -
Ethnicity & Disease 2021Eliminating the NIH funding gap among underrepresented minorities (URMs) remains a high priority for the National Institutes of Health. In 2014, the National Research...
BACKGROUND
Eliminating the NIH funding gap among underrepresented minorities (URMs) remains a high priority for the National Institutes of Health. In 2014, the National Research Mentoring Network Steps Toward Academic Research (NRMN STAR) program recruited postdoctoral, early-stage and junior faculty to participate in a 12-month grant writing and professional development program. The expectation of the program was to increase the number of grant submissions and awards to URM researchers. Although receiving a grant award is the gold standard of NRMN STAR, instilling confidence for postdocs and early-stage faculty to submit an application is a critical first step. Based on our previous study, a sustained increase in trainee self-efficacy score over a 24-month period was observed after completing NRMN STAR.
METHODS
The current study sought to determine the association between self-efficacy score and grant submissions among two cohorts of trainees. Grantsmanship Self-Efficacy was measured using a 19-item questionnaire previously described by and used in our own work, which was originally adapted from an 88-item Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory. A binary variable was created to identify trainees who submitted an initial or revised proposal vs those who abandoned their proposal or were still writing. Trainees were assessed prior to and following program completion with subsequent assessments at 6 and 12 months beyond participation.
RESULTS
As of June 20, 2019, 12 of the 21 (57%) trainees had submitted a grant proposal (eg, NIH, other federal or non-federal grant). For every point increase in 12-month post assessments, Grantsmanship Self-Efficacy scores across all domains had a 44% higher prevalence of submitting a grant after controlling for race, sex, education level, academic rank, research experience, duration of postdoctoral training, institution type, and NRMN STAR cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate that NRMN STAR had a positive impact on trainees' confidence in grant writing and professional development activities, which resulted in higher grant submission rates.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Financing, Organized; Humans; Mentoring; Research Personnel; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 34720559
DOI: 10.18865/ed.31.4.559 -
The British Journal of Educational... Mar 2023Self-efficacy, or the beliefs learners hold about what they can do, develops largely from how learners perceive and interpret four main sources of information: mastery...
BACKGROUND
Self-efficacy, or the beliefs learners hold about what they can do, develops largely from how learners perceive and interpret four main sources of information: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasions and physiological and affective states. Although the relationship between these sources and self-efficacy is well-established, less is known about the factors that may influence how early adolescent learners perceive and interpret information from these sources.
AIMS
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the predisposition of perfectionism might predict how learners perceive efficacy-relevant information in the domain of math.
METHODS
Using a correlational design, this study considered whether perfectionism was associated with how middle school students (N = 1683) perceive information from the four hypothesized sources of self-efficacy. Participants completed a paper-based survey at two time points. Perfectionism was measured at Time 1. Self-efficacy and its sources were measured at Time 2. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to examine the relationship between factors.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Students who held themselves to high standards (i.e., greater self-oriented perfectionism) reported higher levels of mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social messages and self-efficacy. Conversely, students who felt external pressure to be perfect (i.e., socially prescribed perfectionism) reported lower levels of mastery experiences, vicarious experiences and self-efficacy, as well as higher levels of negative physiological and affective states. The relationship between perfectionism and self-efficacy was partially mediated by students' perceptions of mastery. This study extends the current literature on the sources of math self-efficacy in early adolescence by showing how a predisposition like perfectionism is associated with how adolescent learners perceive and interpret efficacy-relevant information.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Self Efficacy; Perfectionism; Students; Emotions; Mathematics
PubMed: 36121038
DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12550 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Sep 2023The purpose of this analysis was to explore associations between exercise behaviour among breast cancer survivors and three behavioural constructs from distinct...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this analysis was to explore associations between exercise behaviour among breast cancer survivors and three behavioural constructs from distinct theories: self-efficacy from social cognitive theory, motivation from self-determination theory, and habits from habit theory.
METHODS
Breast cancer survivors (n = 204) completed a cross-sectional survey that collected demographic and disease characteristics, exercise levels, and self-efficacy, motivation, and habits. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify constructs associated with total activity and resistance training.
RESULTS
Participants were a mean (SD) age of 57.3 (10.8) years and most were diagnosed with early-stage disease (72%) and engaged in sufficient levels of total activity (94%), though only 45% completed ≥ 2 resistance training sessions/week. Identified motivation (ꞵ[95% CI] = 7.6 [3.9-11.3]) and habits (ꞵ[95% CI] = 4.4 [1.4-7.4]) were significantly associated with total activity (as were body mass index and disease stage), whilst identified motivation (ꞵ[95% CI] = 0.6 [0.3-0.9]) and coping self-efficacy (ꞵ[95% CI] = 0.02 [< 0.01-0.03]) were significantly associated with resistance training. The models explained 27% and 16% of variance in total activity and resistance training behaviour, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Results suggest that incorporating strategies that support identified motivation, habits, and coping self-efficacy in future interventions could promote increased exercise behaviour among breast cancer populations. Future longitudinal research should examine associations with exercise in a more representative, population-based sample.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Motivation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Self Efficacy; Habits
PubMed: 37728796
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08040-7 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2021Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) has also been cited as an important factor for healthy and satisfying sex. The purpose of this study was to determine SSE and its related...
Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) has also been cited as an important factor for healthy and satisfying sex. The purpose of this study was to determine SSE and its related factors among married women of reproductive age. The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The research samples were 588 married women of reproductive age. A cluster sampling method is used to select participants. Data collection instruments were the socio-demographic form and the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female Functioning (SSES-F). Data analysis, Friedman, Multiple Linear Regression was performed through SPSS software version 16. The highest and lowest score was related to body acceptance (77.78) and communication (69.66), respectively. The results showed that age (B= 0.471, P<0.001), marital satisfaction (B= 0.11.3, P<0.001), life satisfaction (B= 3.5, P<0.03) and the economic-social welfare satisfaction were related to SSE. We've found that Women with a higher Education, Employment, higher income, and Younger husbands had the highest SSE score. The components of age, marital satisfaction, life satisfaction, and economic status affect the SSE of married women of reproductive age. The results of this study can be useful in the design and implementation of sexual health promotion interventions.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Marriage; Personal Satisfaction; Self Efficacy; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 35283942
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.39