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Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Sep 2020Self-efficacy and readiness for advance care planning (ACP) is underresearched in the Chinese population given that these are novel concepts in the culture.
CONTEXT
Self-efficacy and readiness for advance care planning (ACP) is underresearched in the Chinese population given that these are novel concepts in the culture.
OBJECTIVES
To translate the self-efficacy and readiness subscales of the ACP Engagement Scale into Chinese using the Brislin's Model and test its psychometric properties in Chinese older adults.
METHODS
Content validity and face validity were established based on the views of a group of experts and older adults. Then, a survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 204 community-dwelling older adults. Convergent validity was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SURE test, a decisional conflict scale. The scores between older adults who had hospitalization experience in the previous year and those who did not have were compared to examine discriminant validity.
RESULTS
The findings showed that the Chinese subscales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.94-0.97) and acceptable one-week test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.66-0.70). There was a significantly high correlation between the self-efficacy and the readiness subscales (r = 0.809; P < 0.01) and moderate correlation between the two subscales and the SURE test (r = 0.509-0.587; P < 0.01). Discriminant validity was supported by significant differences between older adults who had hospitalization experience in the last year and those who did not have (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The Chinese readiness and self-efficacy subscales of the ACP Engagement Survey are valid and reliable tools for assessing the preparedness of the Chinese older adults for ACP.
Topics: Advance Care Planning; Aged; China; Humans; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32574659
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.06.013 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Apr 2022Demographic differences among surgical trainees regarding intrapersonal traits, such as imposter syndrome and assertiveness, have become widely acknowledged. However,...
BACKGROUND
Demographic differences among surgical trainees regarding intrapersonal traits, such as imposter syndrome and assertiveness, have become widely acknowledged. However, many of these characteristics have not been examined in tandem, nor among both trainees and surgeons in practice. This study aimed to address these knowledge gaps.
METHODS
This was an anonymous, voluntary survey study comprised of validated measures of (1) self-efficacy, (2) imposter syndrome, (3) assertiveness, (4) perfectionism, and (5) self-rated likeability. A multimodal recruitment strategy was used and surgeons across all subspecialties were eligible for inclusion.
RESULTS
A total of 296 participants were included, with 54% identifying as female (n = 161) and 72% between the ages of 25 and 40 years of age (n = 212). Imposter syndrome, assertiveness, and perfectionism scales were normally distributed; self-efficacy and self-rated likeability scales demonstrated slight negative skew. Self-identified male sex was associated with less imposter syndrome (P < 0.001) and perfectionism (P = 0.035) and higher assertiveness (P < 0.001). Imposter syndrome was less common among older age groups (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Surgeons are a self-efficacious group of perfectionists with widespread variability in imposter syndrome and assertiveness. Female sex and younger age were associated with more imposter syndrome and less assertiveness, highlighting an opportunity for early career coaching.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; Surgeons
PubMed: 35412493
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00051 -
BMC Medical Education Oct 2020In a whole-of-system approach to evaluation of teaching across any degree, multiple sources of information can help develop an educators' understanding of their teaching...
BACKGROUND
In a whole-of-system approach to evaluation of teaching across any degree, multiple sources of information can help develop an educators' understanding of their teaching quality. In the health professions, student evaluations of clinical teaching are commonplace. However, self-evaluation of teaching is less common, and exploration of clinical educators' self-efficacy even less so. The aim of the study was to evaluate how a clinical educator's self-evaluation of teaching intersects with their self-efficacy, to ascertain if that matches student evaluation of their teaching. This information may assist in facilitating targeted professional development to improve teaching quality.
METHODS
Clinical educators in the osteopathy program at Victoria University (VU) were invited to complete: a) self-evaluation version of the Osteopathy Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (OCTQ); and b) the Self-Efficacy in Clinical Teaching (SECT) questionnaire. Students in the VU program completed the OCTQ for each of the clinical educators they worked with during semester 2, 2017.
RESULTS
Completed OCTQ and SECT were received from 37 clinical educators. These were matched with 308 student evaluations (mean of 6 student ratings per educator). Three possible educator cohorts were identified: a) high clinical eductor self-OCTQ with low student evaluation; b) low clinical educator self-evaluation and high student evaluations; and, c) no difference between self- and student evaulations. Clinical educators in the first cohort demonstrated significantly higher SECT subscale scores (effect size > 0.42) than their colleagues. Age, gender, teaching qualification, and years practicing or years as a clinical educator were not associated with clinical educator OCTQ scores or the SECT subscales.
CONCLUSIONS
Targeted professional development directed towards fostering self-efficacy may provide an avenue for engaging those clinical educators whose self-efficacy is low and/or those who did not receive high student evaluations. Given there is no gold standard measure of clinical teaching quality, educators should engage with multiple sources of feedback to benchmark their current performance level, and identify opportunities to improve. Student and self-evaluations using the OCTQ and evaluation of self-efficacy using the SECT, are useful tools for inclusion in a whole-of-system approach to evaluation of the clinical learning environment.
Topics: Curriculum; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Educational Personnel; Humans; Self Efficacy; Students; Teaching
PubMed: 33032596
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02278-z -
BMC Medical Education Sep 2023Intellectual disability (ID) involves impairment of general mental abilities, restricting the participation of individuals in conceptual, social and practical...
BACKGROUND
Intellectual disability (ID) involves impairment of general mental abilities, restricting the participation of individuals in conceptual, social and practical activities. Consequently, rehabilitation services are critical in efforts towards promoting the social and educational inclusion of persons with ID. However, the preparedness of health professionals in performing such a role depends on their perceptions of individuals with ID. Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour was used as theoretical framework to understand the relationship between the perceived attitude and self-efficacy of healthcare students towards persons with ID.
METHOD
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare students (N = 328) in a Ghanaian university. The Community Living Attitude Scale for ID(CLAS-ID) and General Self-efficacy (GSE) Scale were employed to assess their attitudes and self-efficacy towards people with ID respectively. The data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS and were subjected to a t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression.
RESULT
The healthcare students were ambivalent about both self-efficacy and attitudes towards persons with ID, and there was correlation between attitudes and self-efficacy. Attitudes and self-efficacy also varied across the demographic characteristics of the respondents including age, having a relative with ID, level of study, religion, and programme of study.
CONCLUSION
The study underscores the necessity for healthcare curriculum reform and provides corresponding recommendations. The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing healthcare students' understanding of ID, changing their attitudes, and bolstering their self-efficacy. This is crucial to foster positive attitudes, confidence in providing support to individuals with ID, and raising awareness within the broader community. To achieve this, health educators are encouraged to incorporate exposure to individuals with ID into healthcare students' training, along with more structured field experiences designed to increase their contact and interaction with individuals with ID. Such initiatives would enable students to better understand the uniqueness and requirements of individuals with ID.
Topics: Humans; Ghana; Intellectual Disability; Self Efficacy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Attitude of Health Personnel; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37770888
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04697-0 -
Journal of Health Psychology Oct 2020This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy measure for mindfulness meditation practice (Self-efficacy for Mindfulness Meditation Practice scale). The scale was...
This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy measure for mindfulness meditation practice (Self-efficacy for Mindfulness Meditation Practice scale). The scale was developed through a process of expert consensus, cognitive interviewing, and evaluation among 199 mindfulness meditation practitioners who completed an online survey. The 9-item Self-efficacy for Mindfulness Meditation Practice scale was unidimensional with three subconstructs of attention, compassion, and emotion. The omega hierarchical coefficient for the total scale was 0.78, and test-retest reliability was intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.89). This study provides preliminary evidence that Self-Efficacy for Mindfulness Meditation Practice scale is a reliable and valid measure of self-efficacy for mindfulness meditation practice.
Topics: Humans; Meditation; Mindfulness; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 29956564
DOI: 10.1177/1359105318783041 -
The British Journal of Educational... Mar 2022According to the self-enhancement perspective, self-efficacy and self-concept are shaped by prior achievement and have a crucial impact on future development. Their role...
BACKGROUND
According to the self-enhancement perspective, self-efficacy and self-concept are shaped by prior achievement and have a crucial impact on future development. Their role in improving performance on challenging tasks, such as mathematical modelling (i.e., solving realistic problems mathematically), has barely been studied.
AIMS
We investigated patterns of self-efficacy and self-concept and their predictive effects on mathematical modelling while taking into account school grades as measure of prior achievement and reasoning to reveal cognitive and motivational effects on achievement.
SAMPLE
N = 279 secondary students in Grade 8 or 9 from 16 classes and 6 schools participated in the study.
METHOD
The multi-informant design consisted of teachers' reports of school grades, students' reports of self-efficacy and self-concept (questionnaire-based), and assessment of students' reasoning and mathematical modelling.
RESULTS
Using random-intercept models, we found that the predictive effect of self-efficacy on mathematical modelling withstood taking the school-classroom-related nested structure into account, whereas self-concept lost its predictive value. Further, self-efficacy fully mediated the effect of school grades on mathematical modelling.
CONCLUSIONS
In line with the self-enhancement perspective on self-efficacy, our findings highlight the strength of motivational effects on mathematical modelling. When we take the nested structure into account, our results indicate an impact of school grades via self-efficacy on mathematical modelling independent of students' cognitive level or classroom. Given the diverse challenges such complex tasks present, important pedagogical and didactical recommendations, such as targeting the enhancement of students' self-efficacy by teachers and educational decision makers, can be drawn.
Topics: Achievement; Humans; Mathematics; Motivation; Self Concept; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 34228816
DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12443 -
Journal of Primary Care & Community... 2022Ascribed traditional gender role has rarely been examined in the topical area of protected sex.
BACKGROUND
Ascribed traditional gender role has rarely been examined in the topical area of protected sex.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV knowledge, ascribed cultural gender roles of machismo and marianismo, acculturation, attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors and sexual self-efficacy on protected sex, and the mediating effect of sexual self-efficacy between these predictors and protected sex.
METHODS
Part of a larger study, Hispanic college students from a Hispanic-serving institution in a U.S. southern border city were recruited.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Sexual self-efficacy was found a significant mitigating factor against sexual risks associated with machismo as well as a positive reinforcing element on attitudes toward protected sex. Study findings have implications toward the development of culturally sensitive evidence-based interventions that promote sexual self-efficacy skills among Hispanic males who strongly identify with culturally ascribed gender roles.
Topics: Male; Humans; Safe Sex; Self Efficacy; Sexual Behavior; Hispanic or Latino; Students
PubMed: 36345219
DOI: 10.1177/21501319221129934 -
BMC Medical Education Apr 2024Teaching assistants (TAs) play a crucial role in pedagogical practices, and the TA training has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing teaching quality and fostering... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Teaching assistants (TAs) play a crucial role in pedagogical practices, and the TA training has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing teaching quality and fostering effective interactions. The self-efficacy of TAs can substantially impact their performance. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the change in TAs' self-efficacy following their training.
METHODS
A self-control quasi-experiment was conducted to examine shifts in the self-efficacy of Tas at Peking University before and after their TA training. A questionnaire was used to assess the change, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was also calculated. A paired data rank sum test was used to analysis the changes in TA self-efficacy before and after training.
RESULTS
A total of 372 TAs from School of Basic Medicine (N = 173), School of Pharmacy (N = 112), School of Public Health (N = 69), and other schools (N = 18) submitted complete questionnaires. The questionnaire showed a good performance in internal reliability and validity test (Cronbach's alpha index = 0.906, and KMO value was 0.903). Participants had a median total self-efficacy score of 88 and 85 before and after the TA training, respectively, which shows a lack in the total TA self-efficacy score following the TA training (P < 0.001). TAs who have no desire to becoming a college instructor have a higher self-efficacy when compared to TAs who have expressed neutral attitudes in becoming college instructors.
CONCLUSION
The participated TAs display a lack of self-efficacy after attending the TA training at Peking University. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and strengthen TA's self-efficacy beyond academic skills when designing and delivering TA training programs at Peking University.
Topics: Humans; Self Efficacy; Male; Female; Surveys and Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Adult; Teaching; China
PubMed: 38685047
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05431-0 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021Cabin crews being first responders, passengers' health assurance is also one of their main responsibilities. This study explored the association among first aid affect,...
Cabin crews being first responders, passengers' health assurance is also one of their main responsibilities. This study explored the association among first aid affect, work-related hardiness and self-efficacy of first aid, as well as the mediation role of work-related hardiness in airline cabin crews. Three self-reporting instruments were applied in this study: one was the first aid affect questionnaire, the second was a work-related hardiness questionnaire, the third was self-efficacy of the first aid questionnaire. Data were collected from 525 cabin crew members across five airlines in Taiwan (480 females and 45 males). The results showed that both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that three instruments had satisfactory validity and reliability. Positive significant relationships were found among cabin crews' first aid affect, work-related hardiness and self-efficacy of first aid. Cabin crews' commitment dimension of work-related hardiness turned out to be positively related to self-efficacy of first aid. In addition, the results of the study also revealed that cabin crews' work commitment plays a mediating role between their first aid affect and self-efficacy of first aid. To enhance the self-efficacy of first aid, it is necessary for the airlines to strengthen cabin crews' work commitment. Furthermore, fostering cabin crews' first aid affect is also one an important training goal.
Topics: Aircraft; Female; First Aid; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taiwan
PubMed: 33671508
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042108 -
BMC Palliative Care Aug 2022Dealing with life-limiting illnesses, death, dying and grief, is uncharted territory for medical graduates. It is a field that is heavily influenced by cultural,...
BACKGROUND
Dealing with life-limiting illnesses, death, dying and grief, is uncharted territory for medical graduates. It is a field that is heavily influenced by cultural, religio-spiritual and social factors. This adds complexity to palliative and end-of-life-care, which challenges newly qualified physicians and requires the formation of appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes in junior doctors. This study aimed to obtain insight into the perspectives, perceived self-efficacy, and preparedness of newly qualified Nigerian physicians in practising palliative care and identify potential variables influencing them.
METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional, multi-centre survey of newly qualified Nigerian physicians, using semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews. The data were analysed by applying content-structuring qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical house officers at two tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The perceived self-efficacy and preparedness of newly qualified Nigerian physicians in practising palliative care were reported to be higher in areas of family involvement, and pain and symptom management than in areas of breaking bad news, prognosis, and diagnosing dying. Major influences on the young physicians' perceived self-efficacy and preparedness in practising palliative care were socio-economic circumstances of a resource-limited setting and cultural-religious considerations. In addition, the perceived impact of palliative care education and experience was documented.
CONCLUSIONS
This study offers valuable insights into the perceived self-efficacy and preparedness of newly qualified physicians and reveals the influence of socio-cultural and socio-economic variables in Nigeria. Evidence of the social, cultural, and religio-spiritual dimensions of palliative care is indispensable for culturally sensitive care. These results could aid in the development of appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes in newly qualified physicians through culturally and contextually appropriate palliative care training measures. The results may be applicable to other sub-Saharan African settings and may be used to improve future palliative care education, training, and practice.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Palliative Care; Physicians; Qualitative Research; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35922778
DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01028-w