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Asian Nursing Research Dec 2023Although the medical decision-making process can be overwhelming for some surrogates, there is a lack of understanding regarding their experiences. The objectives of...
PURPOSE
Although the medical decision-making process can be overwhelming for some surrogates, there is a lack of understanding regarding their experiences. The objectives of this study were to examine the decision self-efficacy and decisional conflict experienced by surrogates in intensive care units (ICUs) when faced with the decision of whether to reintubate patients with respiratory failure after a planned extubation. In addition, predictors and mediators influencing these decision-making processes were identified.
METHODS
This study utilized a cross-sectional design to investigate the decision-making processes of 174 surrogates who were faced with the decision of whether to reintubate patients with respiratory failure after a planned extubation in the internal ICU of a medical center between August 2021 and February 2022. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect data on the surrogates' background information, decision self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and positive and negative affect. The patients' background information was also collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to model the data.
RESULTS
The mean decision self-efficacy score of the surrogates was 82.41 points, and 20.7% surrogates had decisional conflict scores exceeding 37.5 points, suggesting that they faced challenges in the decision-making process. Surrogates' employment status and negative affect significantly predicted their decision self-efficacy. In addition, patients' activities of daily living prior to hospitalization and the decision self-efficacy of the surrogate significantly predicted surrogate decisional conflict. The impact of surrogates' negative affect on decisional conflict was fully mediated by decision self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Surrogate decision self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negative affect and decisional conflict. Providing clinical care interventions that focus on enhancing surrogate self-efficacy and reducing negative affect can help alleviate decisional conflict in this population.
Topics: Humans; Decision Making; Self Efficacy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Respiration, Artificial; Activities of Daily Living; Airway Extubation; Respiratory Insufficiency
PubMed: 37838098
DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2023.10.001 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2024School dropout is a risky behaviour that is a threat to well-being in adolescence. This study aimed to analyse school satisfaction and self-efficacy in school activities...
School dropout is a risky behaviour that is a threat to well-being in adolescence. This study aimed to analyse school satisfaction and self-efficacy in school activities in a sample of adolescents attending secondary school in an Italian region at high risk of school dropout. The objective was to investigate whether differences exist among students on the basis of school dropout intention, gender, and career choices. Another aim was to identify, among the students' satisfaction variables, the main psychosocial predictors of dropout intention. Students (N = 1340) attending secondary schools in Sardinia completed Soresi's questionnaires on life satisfaction and self-efficacy. The data were analysed with a multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that students intending to drop out of school scored lower on satisfaction with perceived support and satisfaction with peer and teacher relationships than their peers not at risk of dropping out. The logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant predictors of dropout intention were academic performance, satisfaction with the school experience, satisfaction in the relationships with teachers and with family members, and satisfaction with perceived support (26.9% of model variance). The results of this research thus indicate which areas could be addressed through prevention to improve well-being conditions in education.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Intention; Self Efficacy; Schools; Educational Status; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 38248573
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010111 -
International Endodontic Journal Feb 2020To understand whether the self-efficacy of undergraduates is associated with the extent of the endodontic education they received.
AIM
To understand whether the self-efficacy of undergraduates is associated with the extent of the endodontic education they received.
METHODOLOGY
Data were obtained from three undergraduate endodontic programmes in two universities: Aarhus University (AU), Denmark and the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), the Netherlands. Just before their graduations in 2016 or 2017, students completed a questionnaire that contained the Endodontic General Self-Efficacy Scale and questions on how they valued the education they received in Endodontics. The information on the number and type of root canal treatments participants had performed on patients was collected from dental clinic management systems. Data were ana-lysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
The median number of treated root canals on patients per student was 5 in the standard programme at ACTA, 10 in AU, and 14.5 in the extended programme at ACTA. Students' self-efficacy increased with the number of treated root canals; however, retreatments and root canal treatments in molars were negatively associated with self-efficacy. All students wanted more experience in performing root canal treatment on patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The endodontic self-efficacy of students from the standard programmes of the two participating universities was comparable. Students' self-efficacy was influenced mostly by their clinical experience when performing root canal treatment. It seems that the more root canal treatments students perform on patients, the greater their self-efficacy is at graduation. However, treating difficult cases (molars and retreatments) might reduce their self-efficacy.
Topics: Denmark; Education, Dental; Endodontics; Humans; Netherlands; Root Canal Therapy; Self Efficacy; Students, Dental
PubMed: 31519031
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13218 -
PloS One 2022Educational virtual environments (EVEs) are defined by their features of immersion (degree of sensory engagement) and fidelity (degree of realism). Increasingly, EVEs...
Educational virtual environments (EVEs) are defined by their features of immersion (degree of sensory engagement) and fidelity (degree of realism). Increasingly, EVEs are being used for career development and training purposes, which we refer to as career-oriented EVEs. However, little research has examined the effects of immersion and fidelity on career-related outcomes, like self-efficacy and interests, and the learning dynamics that may influence these outcomes. We address these research needs across two studies using an inductive approach. Study 1 compares welding career exploration in EVEs to traditional career exploration and finds that individuals using EVEs report more positive career self-efficacy. Study 2 examines the influence of social learning dynamics, or how individuals learn from each other through behavioral modeling, on performance and career-related self-efficacy and interest. Groups were assigned to use either a high or low immersion and fidelity EVE. Findings indicate strong social learning dynamics in both EVEs, but the effects were stronger for groups using the higher immersion and fidelity EVE. Specifically, groups converged on two performance measures, and the performance of individuals who were situated as behavioral models significantly predicted the performance of other group members. Performance at the individual level, in turn, predicted career self-efficacy and interest for men but not women, and only for those using the higher immersion and fidelity EVE. Based on these findings, we conclude with practical recommendations for and implications of implementing career-oriented EVEs for career exploration and skills training.
Topics: Humans; Male; Self Efficacy; Social Learning; Welding
PubMed: 36174072
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273788 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Unlike other personality traits or dispositions, self-compassion can be nurtured and is likely a driving source for physical activity. Emerging research has started to...
Unlike other personality traits or dispositions, self-compassion can be nurtured and is likely a driving source for physical activity. Emerging research has started to examine self-compassion in physical activity contexts; however, most existing studies were underpowered and overlooked the psycho-behavioural factors underlying the link between self-compassion and physical activity. In a sample of 569 UK adults (mean age = 41.92 years, SD = 13.70; 47.8% female), we examined the hypothesis that self-compassion's positive influence on physical activity operates through reduced psychological distress and subsequently increased barrier self-efficacy. Results supported the prediction, with the positive influences of self-compassion being more prominent in more vigorous physical activity. The findings suggest that self-compassion is a good source of emotional resources (i.e., attenuated psychological distress) and confidence to overcome challenges and obstacles (i.e., increased barrier self-efficacy) in the context of physical activity. Future interventions and programs could consider incorporating self-compassion for physical activity adoption and maintenance.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Empathy; Self Concept; Self-Compassion; Self Efficacy; Exercise; Psychological Distress
PubMed: 36674235
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021480 -
International Breastfeeding Journal Jun 2022Mothers of preterm infants often perceive the infant as having problems with crying, sleeping and feeding, sometimes summarised as 'state-regulation'. Breastfeeding...
BACKGROUND
Mothers of preterm infants often perceive the infant as having problems with crying, sleeping and feeding, sometimes summarised as 'state-regulation'. Breastfeeding rates are lower among preterm infants, and the mother's self-efficacy in breastfeeding is central to understanding which mothers are going to breastfeed their infants. We have previously shown that mothers with higher self-efficacy have an easier time adapting to the infant and in this study we hypothesised that the degree of self-efficacy also is associated with how difficult the mother believes it is to take care of the infant. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the late preterm infant's mother's self-efficacy in breastfeeding was associated with how the mother experienced her infant's state-regulation at three months of corrected age.
METHODS
The study had a prospective and longitudinal design with a consecutive data collection through questionnaires. Inclusion criteria were mothers (n = 105) with a singleton infant born between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation. At term age, the mothers completed the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale-Short Form and at the three months corrected age follow-up, mothers completed the Infant state-regulation index: questions related to whether the infant had difficulties with colic, persistent crying, comforting, falling asleep, sleep problems, breastfeeding, eating or poor weight gain.
RESULTS
The analyses showed that being an older mother, perceiving breastfeeding support, and having a higher breastfeeding self-efficacy were all significantly associated with identifying the infant as having better state-regulation.
CONCLUSIONS
There was an association between mothers' self-efficacy in breastfeeding and her perceptions of how good state-regulation the infant had. This is an important finding, as self-efficacy is a manageable factor that could positively affect how the mother perceives taking care of her infant.
CLINICAL IMPLICATION
Improved self-efficacy is known to be an important factor in increased breastfeeding prevalence and healthcare professionals should also target mother's self-efficacy in breastfeeding to improve mother-infant relationship.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Mothers; Prospective Studies; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35690825
DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00486-5 -
Psycho-oncology Sep 2019Self-efficacy expectations are associated with improvements in problematic outcomes widely considered clinically significant (ie, emotional distress, fatigue, and pain),... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Self-efficacy expectations are associated with improvements in problematic outcomes widely considered clinically significant (ie, emotional distress, fatigue, and pain), related to positive health behaviors, and as a type of personal agency, inherently valuable. Self-efficacy expectancies, estimates of confidence to execute behaviors, are important in that changes in self-efficacy expectations are positively related to future behaviors that promote health and well-being. The current meta-analysis investigated the impact of psychological interventions on self-efficacy expectations for a variety of health behaviors among cancer patients.
METHODS
Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched with specific search terms for identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on psychologically based interventions. Included studies had (a) an adult cancer sample, (b) a self-efficacy expectation measure of specific behaviors, and (c) an RCT design. Standard screening and reliability procedures were used for selecting and coding studies. Coding included theoretically informed moderator variables.
RESULTS
Across 79 RCTs, 223 effect sizes, and 8678 participants, the weighted average effect of self-efficacy expectations was estimated as g = 0.274 (P < .001). Consistent with the self-efficacy theory, the average effect for in-person intervention delivery (g = 0.329) was significantly greater than for all other formats (g = 0.154, P = .023; eg, audiovisual, print, telephone, and Web/internet).
CONCLUSIONS
The results establish the impact of psychological interventions on self-efficacy expectations as comparable in effect size with commonly reported outcomes (distress, fatigue, pain). Additionally, the result that in-person interventions achieved the largest effect is supported by the social learning theory and could inform research related to the development and evaluation of interventions.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Psychotherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 31206917
DOI: 10.1002/pon.5148 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022Previous studies confirmed that leisure sport participation could contribute to people's life satisfaction. However, little is known about the predictors of life...
Previous studies confirmed that leisure sport participation could contribute to people's life satisfaction. However, little is known about the predictors of life satisfaction in the context of long-distance running. A model was proposed in this study to examine the relationship between recreation specialization, self-efficacy, flow experience, and life satisfaction. An online questionnaire was distributed to long-distance runners in China, and a total of 404 valid questionnaires were obtained for data analysis in this study. Results indicated that recreation specialization and self-efficacy had a direct and positive effect on runners' flow experience; recreation specialization, self-efficacy, and flow experience were positively associated with runners' life satisfaction. Furthermore, flow experience partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, while it fully mediated the role of recreation specialization in life satisfaction. The findings shed some new insights for understanding the influence of leisure sport engagement on people's life satisfaction.
Topics: Health Behavior; Humans; Leisure Activities; Personal Satisfaction; Recreation; Running; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35328931
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063243 -
BMC Medical Education Sep 2022In the present age, e-learning has been playing a good role in educational and clinical settings along with face-to-face training. This study aimed to determine the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
In the present age, e-learning has been playing a good role in educational and clinical settings along with face-to-face training. This study aimed to determine the effect of distance class using micro-learning contents on learning outcomes and self-efficacy in the clinical education of nursing students in 2021.
METHODS
This research is a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 46 nursing students who were recruited by the full census method. Students were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Before and after educational interventions in both groups, students' learning and self-efficacy were evaluated using a questionnaire. Data Analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistical methods and with SPSS software version 23.
RESULTS
The results revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean score of clinical learning level of nursing students between the control and experimental groups after the intervention (p = 0.041). Also, the difference between the mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group before and after the training was statistically significant (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Micro-learning is an effective training method for raising learning outcomes and self-efficacy among nursing students, especially in internship units. This method is recommended since multimedia pays attention to all learning styles of learners and affects the learning outcomes and self-efficacy of learners.
Topics: Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; Humans; Learning; Self Efficacy; Students, Nursing; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36071456
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03726-8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2020Optimism and self-efficacy have been associated with psychological health. Empathy has also been found to have a unique role in community health volunteering and promote...
Optimism and self-efficacy have been associated with psychological health. Empathy has also been found to have a unique role in community health volunteering and promote positive functioning. This study investigated whether self-efficacy and optimism were associated with psychological health in terms of psychological and subjective well-being in healthcare volunteers. It also investigated whether empathy added to the explanation of psychological health, over and above that accounted for by self-efficacy and optimism. A convenience sample of 160 Italian clown doctors volunteering in various hospitals completed self-report measures of self-efficacy, optimism, empathy, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy and optimism were associated with both outcomes and that aspects of empathy, such as others' perspective taking and personal distress for others' difficulties, added to the explanation of psychological health with opposite effects. The present study adds to previous research on the role of self-efficacy, optimism, and empathy for community health volunteers' psychological health. It also offers suggestions regarding the training for this type of volunteer.
Topics: Empathy; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Optimism; Self Efficacy; Volunteers
PubMed: 32824812
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17166001