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Marine Drugs Nov 2023Microbial life present in the marine environment has to be able to adapt to rapidly changing and often extreme conditions. This makes these organisms a putative source...
Microbial life present in the marine environment has to be able to adapt to rapidly changing and often extreme conditions. This makes these organisms a putative source of commercially interesting compounds since adaptation provides different biochemical routes from those found in their terrestrial counterparts. In this work, the goal was the identification of a marine bacterium isolated from a sample taken at a shallow water hydrothermal vent and of its red product. Genomic, lipidomic, and biochemical approaches were used simultaneously, and the bacterium was identified as . A high-throughput screening strategy was used to assess the best physico-chemical conditions permitting both cell growth and production of the red product. The fatty acid composition of the microbial cells was studied to assess adaptation at the lipid level under stressful conditions, whilst several state-of-the-art techniques, such as DSC, FTIR, NMR, and Ultra-High Resolution Qq-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry, were used to characterize the structure of the pigment. We hypothesize that the pigment, which could be produced by the cells up to 62 °C, is prodigiosin linked to an aliphatic compound that acts as an anchor to keep it close to the cells in the marine environment.
Topics: Water; Hydrothermal Vents; Serratia; Prodigiosin
PubMed: 38132920
DOI: 10.3390/md21120599 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Several bacterial strains belonging to spp. possess biocontrol capability, both against phytopathogens and human pathogenic species, thanks to the production of...
Several bacterial strains belonging to spp. possess biocontrol capability, both against phytopathogens and human pathogenic species, thanks to the production of secondary metabolites, including as a red-pink, non-diffusible pigment, 2-methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodiginine (prodigiosin). is the causal agent of gray mold, which is an economically relevant disease of many crops worldwide. Gray mold is normally controlled by chemical fungicides, but the environmental and health concerns about the overuse of pesticides call for environmentally friendly approaches, such as the use of biocontrol agents. In this study, the efficacy of a specific strain of (Mar61-01) and its metabolite prodigiosin were assessed against under in vitro and in vivo conditions. This strain was effective against , and the effect of prodigiosin was confirmed under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The strain suppressed mycelial growth of (71.72%) in the dual-culture method. The volatile compounds produced by the strain inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of by 65.01% and 71.63%, respectively. Efficacy of prodigiosin produced by Mar61-01 on mycelial biomass of was 94.15% at the highest concentration tested (420 µg/mL). The effect of prodigiosin on plant enzymes associated with induction of resistance was also studied, indicating that the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were increased when prodigiosin was added to the inoculum on strawberry fruits, while catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) did not change. In addition, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Mar61-01 reduced mycelial growth and inhibited conidial germination of in vitro. The findings confirmed the relevant role of prodigiosin produced by Mar61-01 in the biocontrol of of strawberries, but also indicate that there are multiple mechanisms of action, where the VOCs produced by the bacterium and the plant-defense reaction may contribute to the control of the phytopathogen. Mar61-01 could be a suitable strain, both to enlarge our knowledge about the potential of as a biocontrol agent of and to develop new biofungicides to protect strawberries in post-harvest biocontrol.
PubMed: 36616283
DOI: 10.3390/plants12010154 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2021Many emergent pathogenic agents are cross-transmitted from animals to humans. Horses are considered as potential reservoirs of commensal, zoonotic, and...
BACKGROUND
Many emergent pathogenic agents are cross-transmitted from animals to humans. Horses are considered as potential reservoirs of commensal, zoonotic, and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Equine bites could lead to infections caused by these agents, considering equine species as a public health concern. The more it is known about the equine oral microbiota the best secondary problems created by their commensal flora can be controlled. There are very few reports of , a zoonotic and opportunistic bacterium, both in human and veterinary medicine.
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate the Gram-negative microbiota of healthy equine oral cavities and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
METHODS
During equine routine oral procedures, eight healthy horses were selected for this study, after discarding any abnormal dental conditions. Samples were collected from the subgingival space and gingival margin from the tooth 406 and both the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of Gram-negative bacteria were performed.
RESULTS
This study reports the isolation of 32 Gram-negative agents, 27 of which were multidrug-resistant to the antimicrobial classes tested. High resistance rates were obtained to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, particularly macrolides and aminoglycosides as to carbapenems that are specific to human medicine. Two multi-drug resistance strains of were found in the mouth of two healthy horses.
CONCLUSION
Most Gram-negative isolates found in healthy horses were zoonotic and multi-drug resistant. This is a strong reason to consider the horse as an animal with a major place in the "" concept. Equine clinicians should take precautions when working with horses' mouths. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests should be taken into consideration when finding the appropriate antimicrobial therapy protocol. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report about isolation of from the mouth of the equine species.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Horses; Microbiota; Serratia
PubMed: 35070854
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.9 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2023is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that has developed antimicrobial resistance to a variety of commercial antibiotics. The spread of this multidrug-resistant...
is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that has developed antimicrobial resistance to a variety of commercial antibiotics. The spread of this multidrug-resistant pattern predicts that it will get harder and harder to treat infections in the future. For this perception, antimicrobial proteins might represent a safe, effective, and biodegradable alternative because their site of action is on cyclic peptides. In this study, one candidate subsp. was isolated from the soil of Sundarban mangrove forest, and its identification was confirmed both using the PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) method and the BIOLOG™ microbial identification system. The antibacterial protein, which has a molecular mass of about 50 kDa, was isolated from Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to confirm the extracted protein's purity. This potential protein was discovered to develop and exhibit antagonistic activity throughout a broad temperature, pH, and salinity range. At doses ranging from 300 to 400 μg/ml, this protein has antagonistic activity against multidrug resistant and a wide range of other resistant pathogenic bacteria such as and so on. The research provides new insights to develop bio-control agents that can be applied for prevent, treat, and control infectious diseases caused by multidrug resistant , as well as other pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 38089002
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100206 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jan 2023Serratia species are not as frequent as with more virulent members of the Enterobacteriaceae. However, when infections do arise, they are largely associated with...
Serratia species are not as frequent as with more virulent members of the Enterobacteriaceae. However, when infections do arise, they are largely associated with Serratia marcescens. Presently, about 10 species of Serratia are recognized and infections caused by the remaining Serratia species are seldom recorded in literature, as they are not often isolated from clinical specimens. This is a case report of Serratia rubidaea isolated from ear discharge of a 35-year old female patient with no co-morbidities and with known history of chronic otomastoiditis for which the patient had undergone left modified radical mastoidectomy. Isolation of this bacterium from clinical specimens is rare; however, it can be an etiological agent for infections in patients who have undergone invasive procedures. The patient was managed with antibiotics and on otoendoscopy at follow-up, no discharge was observed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Serratia Infections; Serratia; Serratia marcescens; Enterobacteriaceae
PubMed: 36442445
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.020 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jul 2021Serratia rubidaea has emerged in recent years as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of an isolate derived from an...
Serratia rubidaea has emerged in recent years as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of an isolate derived from an industrial meat food product purchased in a large-scale retail store that revealed fluoroquinolone, β-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes and two different host-unspecific prophages.
PubMed: 34323601
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00707-21 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Nov 2023Bacteremia caused by Serratia rubidaea is seldom mentioned in comparison with other Enterobacteriaceae species. It primarily affects immunocompromised patients...
INTRODUCTION
Bacteremia caused by Serratia rubidaea is seldom mentioned in comparison with other Enterobacteriaceae species. It primarily affects immunocompromised patients undergoing invasive procedures. Furthermore, the incidence, clinical features, and microbiological profile of this pathogen in the intensive care unit are rarely described.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present four North African case studies of bacteremia in four young female patients admitted to the intensive care unit for ketoacidosis with a history of diabetes mellitus. All four patients developed catheter-related infections complicated by deep vein thrombosis. The catheter site was femoral in all cases, and the main clinical manifestation was poorly tolerated fever. The pathogen was isolated in multiple peripheral blood cultures (> 4) for each patient, showing a similar profile in all cases: resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and sensitivity to aminoglycosides, piperacillin, fluoroquinolones, and folate-pathway inhibitors. Targeted treatment consisted of a combination of ciprofloxacin 400 mg twice per day and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 400/80 mg thrice per day for all four cases. However, in one case, this regimen was switched to amikacin due to adverse effects. The outcomes were favorable in the majority of cases. The patients described in this study were 21, 66, 22, and 27-year-old North African women.
CONCLUSION
Most of the reported cases shared common risk factors and clinical aspects. Notably, a case of thrombosis complicating a catheter infection caused by Serratia rubidaea has not been previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, this bloodstream infection typically affects deeply immunocompromised patients. However, our four cases, admitted to the intensive care unit for ketoacidosis, only had a history of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Diabetes Mellitus; Intensive Care Units; Ketosis; Sulfamethoxazole
PubMed: 37980489
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04195-3 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2024The enormous potential attributed to prodigiosin regarding its applicability as a natural pigment and pharmaceutical agent justifies the development of sound...
The enormous potential attributed to prodigiosin regarding its applicability as a natural pigment and pharmaceutical agent justifies the development of sound bioprocesses for its production. Using a strain isolated from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent, optimization of the growth medium composition was carried out. After medium development, the bacterium temperature, light and oxygen needs were studied, as was growth inhibition by product concentration. The implemented changes led to a 13-fold increase in prodigiosin production in a shake flask, reaching 19.7 mg/L. The conditions allowing the highest bacterial cell growth and prodigiosin production were also tested with another marine strain: isolated from a tide rock pool was able to produce 15.8 mg/L of prodigiosin. The bioprocess with was scaled up from 0.1 L shake flasks to 2 L bioreactors using the maintenance of the oxygen mass transfer coefficient () as the scale-up criterion. The implemented parameters in the bioreactor led to an 8-fold increase in product per biomass yield and to a final concentration of 293.1 mg/L of prodigiosin in 24 h.
Topics: Prodigiosin; Bioreactors; Serratia; Culture Media; Biomass; Oxygen; Temperature; Aquatic Organisms
PubMed: 38667759
DOI: 10.3390/md22040142 -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2021To describe the presence of bacteria at the seller's hand of meatball vendors and cart meatball bowls. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To describe the presence of bacteria at the seller's hand of meatball vendors and cart meatball bowls.
METHOD
This is a descriptive study with an observational approach. Thirty mobile meatball vendors were recruited as participants. Therefore, the bacterias from bowls and hands were taken by swab sampling. The number of bacterias were obtained using total plate count method by means of nutrient agar. Bacteria types were identified using Gram staining method and bacteria assay.
RESULTS
The hands and bowls swab samples were positive for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in all cases. These microorganisms include Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter aglomereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Serratia rubidaea, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
CONCLUSIONS
Some types of bacterias were present in cart meatball bowls and the sellers' hands. This phenomenon is affiliated with the emergence of food-borne diseases for the consumers.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Serratia
PubMed: 33832632
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.020 -
BMC Research Notes Jul 2020Post-harvest shrimp losses are a big problem due to the proliferation of spoilage bacteria. Presence and multiplication of these bacteria promotes the emergence of...
OBJECTIVE
Post-harvest shrimp losses are a big problem due to the proliferation of spoilage bacteria. Presence and multiplication of these bacteria promotes the emergence of food-borne diseases. This study was carried out to characterize some spoilage bacteria from tropical brackish water shrimps and black tiger shrimps stored in ambient temperature (25 °C).
RESULTS
22 isolates of Bacillus spp; 09 isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and 04 isolates of enterobacteria such as Pantoea spp (01); Serratia plymutica (01) and Serratia rubidaea (02) have been identified. Resistance and virulence genes were then detected. All isolates expressed resistance to at least three of antibiotics tested. 03 isolates of enterobacteria were susceptible to cetfazidim and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Bacillus spp showed total susceptibility to cefixim, ertapenem and cetfazidim. Staphylococci were susceptible to clindamycin. Pantoea spp was resistant to all antibiotics but exhibited intermediate susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. 04 isolates of Staphylococci were positive to mecA resistances genes. All the enterobacteria harbor no tetracycline resistance genes. All the isolates of Bacillus exhibited the presence of enterotoxin genes. Also, a high prevalence of 21 isolates to hemolytic enterotoxins was noted. 17 isolates from them kept ability to cell-lyse factor production like sphingomyelinase activities. The majority of Bacillus isolates identified by the present study poses a potential risk of food poisoning due to the prevalence of toxin genes found.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penaeidae; Serratia
PubMed: 32727545
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05184-1